Articles tagged with Molecular Mechanisms
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
An international research team found that the protein complex NAC acts as a 'gatekeeper' controlling protein transport to the endoplasmic reticulum. NAC prevents non-specific binding of SRP to ribosomes, ensuring only proteins with ER destination are transported. This sorting mechanism ensures cellular function and viability.
Scientists identified a new plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that enhances duckweed biomass productivity by 2.7-fold, increasing photosynthesis and wastewater treatment efficiency. The molecular mechanism suggests that organic compounds are transferred from the bacteria to duckweed, triggering an increase in photosynthetic activity.
Researchers developed artificial Sars-CoV-2 virions to study the spike protein's interaction with host cells and its ability to evade the immune system. By understanding this mechanism, they hope to develop targeted therapies and vaccines.
Researchers found that the master clock and slave clock operate via distinct molecular mechanisms, allowing for robustness and flexibility in regulating bodily rhythms. The master clock's ability to adapt to environmental changes enables quick adjustment to new time zones after international flights.
Researchers at Eötvös Loránd University have identified the molecular mechanism behind an important form of RNA modification, which can lead to genetic disorders. The discovery could pave the way for targeted RNA modifications and gene therapies.
Researchers have developed a method to assess drug potential for rare disorders by profiling FDA-approved drugs. The study identified NMD modulators that could potentially treat hundreds of disorders associated with nonsense-mediated RNA decay.
Dorothee Dormann and Rosa Rademakers are collaborating on a research project to understand the causes of frontotemporal dementia, a group of brain disorders affecting the frontal and temporal lobes. The researchers aim to identify the role of the FUS protein in this disease and its interactions with other proteins.
A team of scientists successfully constructed a supramolecular rotor inside a hollow cube-shaped zinc(II)-metallated porphyrinic cage (Zn-PB) molecule. The addition of a chemical stimulant initiates both rotary and tumbling motions, controlled by external stimuli.
Researchers have identified a molecular mechanism underlying liver cirrhosis, a deadly disease poorly understood. The discovery, made using genetically modified mice, reveals that the lack of MCRS1 protein leads to bile acid accumulation and fibrosis, opening new avenues for treatment.
Scientists have discovered a new layer of regulation in plant-microbe interactions using peanut studies. An antisense long-noncoding RNA, DONE40, was found to bind to a protein involved in epigenetic control, suggesting a conserved function across plants and animals.
Researchers at Waseda University discovered a new protein isoform called Senp5S, which helps regulate Drp1 and mitochondrial dynamics during brain development. The study suggests a novel and vital role for post-translational SUMOylation in neuronal differentiation.
Researchers have identified a novel immune-like mechanism by which healthy epithelial cells recognize and eliminate precancerous cells through a MHC class I-LILRB3 interaction. This process generates mechanical force to extrude the precancerous cells from the body, offering new hope for cancer prevention and treatment.
Researchers found that increasing food amount elevates intestinal absorptive surface and function due to enhanced PPARα expression. Food restriction reverses this process, suggesting potential avenues for limiting obesity.
Genetic variants at 67 genomic regions were found to contribute to increased risk of age-related hearing loss. Visualized proteins reveal molecular components critical for sound conversion and transmission.
USP8 activity regulation has been decoded, revealing an autoinhibitory region that interacts with its catalytic region and enhances deubiquitinating activity in Cushing's disease. This discovery could lead to targeted therapy for the condition.
A new viral disease caused by Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has emerged, threatening global tomato production. ToBRFV overcomes the durable Tm-2² resistance gene, which had remained unbroken for over half a century.
A new study reveals that iboxamycin effectively fights both gram-negative and gram-positive drug-resistant bacteria in mouse models. The researchers discovered the molecular mechanism that allows this drug to overcome resistance, which is important for developing new antibiotics.
Researchers have identified a specific molecular mechanism that controls the transition from acute to chronic pain. Disabling an intracellular enzyme called N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) can halt chronic pain development in mice, suggesting a new class of drugs to treat various forms of chronic pain.
Scientists have improved understanding of a key protein that makes the stomach acidic, shedding light on potential applications in drug development. The study found an unusual feature in the protein, which needs to bind to only one potassium ion to trigger its pump mechanism.
Researchers discovered a small RNA molecule that regulates both the production of the cholera toxin and the metabolism of the cholera bacterium. This finding provides a new target for developing treatments against cholera and has implications for biotechnological applications.
A study published in Science Advances reveals a previously unknown mechanism behind compulsive alcohol use, which may be targeted by medication. A small group of nerve cells in the central amygdala promote alcohol use despite negative consequences.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have found that ketamine's long-term antidepressant effects are linked to the gene MeCP2 and synaptic adaptability. The study reveals how repeated exposure to ketamine strengthens synaptic plasticity, leading to cumulative and prolonged antidepressant effects.
The Pew Scholars Program in Biomedical Sciences has selected 22 early-career researchers to investigate timely questions surrounding human health and disease. These scientists will receive funding over four years to uncover new solutions to significant biomedical challenges.
Researchers at the University of Göttingen have developed a non-toxic method to label peptides and investigate their mechanism of action. The new technique allows for efficient screening of molecules important for the adaptive immune system, which can help fight infections and cancer.
Researchers reveal the molecular mechanism of membrane-tethered protein synthesis in human mitochondria, shedding light on its dynamic structure and function. The discovery could explain how mitochondrial disorders such as deafness and cancer develop.
A new study uses electron cryo-microscopy to reveal the molecular mechanism of bioenergetic protein synthesis in human mitochondria, revealing a more flexible and active mitoribosome than previously thought. The discovery sheds light on how medical disorders such as deafness and cancer development are linked to mitochondrial function.
A team of scientists led by the University of Göttingen has discovered a connection between a specific gene and plant resistance to pathogens. The study found that plants lacking this gene accumulate active acids, but show increased resistance - at the cost of reduced growth.
A new study suggests that prenatal BPA exposure may be responsible for the male bias in autism spectrum disorder. The research found that BPA altered the expression of several genes in the hippocampus in a sex-dependent pattern, leading to decreased neuronal viability and impaired learning/memory in male offspring.
The study analyzed over 591,000 chemical-gene interactions and found that almost every well-known molecular pathway is sensitive to chemicals to a certain degree. The researchers identified genes and pathways most sensitive to chemical exposures, including aging, lipid metabolism, and autoimmune disease.
Bats use unique strategies to tolerate zoonotic viruses, preventing overactive immune responses that protect them from diseases. The team identified mechanisms that balance key proteins involved in immunity and inflammation, enabling bats to harbour pathogens without getting sick.
A team of NUS researchers has developed a solution to address the long-standing challenge of uniform switching mechanism in memristors, a key component of organic and molecular electronics. The breakthrough demonstrates homogeneous molecular switching with less than 7 nanometre spatial resolution.
A new pathway discovered by researchers at the University of Kentucky's Sanders-Brown Center on Aging has shown that eIF5A hypusination governs TDP-43 accumulation and aggregation. Pharmacological inhibition of an enzyme generating hypusinated eIF5A significantly reduced TDP-43 cytoplasmic accumulation and aggregation in cells.
Researchers from Skoltech and MSU have deciphered the molecular mechanism of GFP's green-to-red photoconversion, shedding light on its practical implications. The study suggests that understanding this process may hold key to uncovering ancestral proteins' functions and mitigating photobleaching in microscopy.
Researchers at Kumamoto University found that activation of PPARα, a fatty acid receptor, causes masculinization of Japanese rice fish. The discovery may lead to improved fish farming techniques by controlling sex differentiation.
Scientists uncover role of Rab35 and mTOR signaling pathway in myelin sheath formation, offering potential treatment for CMT4B patients. The study provides new insights into the molecular basis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a leading inherited neuropathy.
Researchers discovered how protein A20 prevents inflammation through a non-enzymatic mechanism, opening up new possibilities for treatment. The study builds upon earlier work demonstrating A20's anti-inflammatory activity and reveals its role in preventing disease development.
A research team at Kanazawa University investigated the molecular mechanisms behind organic solar cell damage from sunlight. They found that UV light causes fragile molecules to degrade, leading to reduced efficiency. This study may lead to the development of more robust and efficient solar cells.
Researchers discovered that the 'Australian' familial mutation in the APP TM domain leads to increased production of pathogenic amyloid-β peptides, resulting in neurodegenerative disorder. The study provides insight into a potential mechanism of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
A recent study published in The FASEB Journal found that some cancer cells switch to alternative molecular mechanisms to evade anti-cancer therapies. Researchers identified several existing and new drugs that specifically target these 'cancer cell escape routes'.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology identify molecular mechanism behind Bombinin H2 and H4 peptides' antimicrobial properties. The peptides inhibit microbial activity by creating holes in cell membranes, ultimately killing microorganisms.
Researchers have discovered a new molecular mechanism involved in premature atherosclerosis in mice with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. The study identifies tauroursodeoxycholic acid as a potential therapeutic target that slows the progression of atherosclerosis and extends lifespan in progeroid mice.
Research identifies brain-only MTOR mutations as a key factor in causing cortical malformations, intellectual disability, and developmental delay in children. The study found that disrupted ciliary formation leads to cortical dyslamination, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of FMCDs.
Researchers identified protective structures at the end of chromosomes called telomeres that don't shorten with age in longest-lived bat species. The study found two genes ATM and SETX drive this process, potentially leading to new solutions to slow down aging and extend human lifespan.
Researchers at KAIST have identified a novel molecular mechanism for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation, revealing superior degradability of PET. A new variant with enhanced PET-degrading activity was also developed using structural-based protein engineering.
Biologists from Konstanz, Ulm, and Karlsruhe decipher the biochemical mechanism of p53 and PARP-1 interaction, significant for tumour biology. The study reveals that the protein p53 is modified through interaction with the enzyme PARP-1, which has far-reaching implications for its regulation.
A study published in Journal of General Physiology investigated the functional effects of specific mutations in Na/K pumps found in tumors that induce primary aldosteronism. The researchers found that impaired sodium and potassium transport is a common mechanism behind the pathology, contradicting previous 'gain-of-function' proposals.
A new study suggests bone strength is hereditary, with its genetic determinants similar to those affecting bone mineral density. This discovery has implications for understanding fracture risk and developing prevention strategies.
Researchers found that ubiquitin-interacting motifs in USP25 determine its preferential cleavage of Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains. The study reveals a unique mechanism for substrate specificity, which could have implications for understanding protein regulation and degradation.
A team of researchers identified three distinct regimes of slip phenomena and their underlying molecular mechanisms. The study reveals how polymer chains interact with the interface, affecting the material's properties.
Scientists at Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience have discovered a novel molecular mechanism behind short-term neuronal plasticity, which may impact motor control. The study found that analog-to-digital facilitation occurs more readily in juvenile brains and depends on Kv3 channel inactivation.
Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation have identified a new pathway to therapy discovery for Huntington's disease. The study found that blocking the activity of messenger RNA (mRNA) is enough to revert alterations associated with the disease.
Researchers will analyze tissue samples from baboons to identify molecular mechanisms underlying early onset atherosclerosis. The study may lead to the development of early diagnostics and interventions, potentially saving millions of lives by treating the disease in its early stages.
Researchers have identified a potential molecular mechanism through which lead exposure can harm neural stem cells and neurodevelopment in children. Lead exposure was found to induce oxidative stress response in these cells, with two proteins involved in the process: SPP1 and NRF2.
A new study reveals that the splicing regulator RBFOX2 plays a key role in diabetic cardiomyopathy, impairing normal gene expression patterns and leading to abnormal calcium signaling in the heart. This understanding may lead to the development of new tools for diagnosing, preventing or treating this form of heart damage.
Myotonic dystrophy causes wasting of skeletal muscles and arrhythmia due to mutated RNA sequences that alter gene regulation. Researchers identify altered SCN5A splicing as key factor in cardiac dysfunctions, paving way for potential treatment restoration of normal heart function.
The NIH has awarded six grants to study the molecular mechanisms behind combination vaccine adjuvants, which improve vaccine effectiveness and could lead to new treatments for diseases like HIV and tuberculosis. Researchers will explore how individual adjuvants work in combination and how synergies between them can be optimized.
The recipients are selected based on scientific merit and will present their research, receive a travel grant, and be recognized at a reception. The winners include students and postdoctoral fellows working on various topics such as membrane protein flux, mechanotransduction, and DNA binding regulation.
A new study by scientists from the University of Chicago reveals that the unique pectoral fins of skates and rays are built using repurposed genes from typical limb-development pathways. The findings provide insight into the genetic mechanisms behind the evolution and diversification of vertebrate appendages.
Researchers discovered a molecular mechanism that triggers early flowering in thale cress under cool temperatures, allowing for accurate prediction and future modification of plant flowering behavior. This study provides insights into the impact of climate change on plant ecology and has potential applications for crop breeding.
Researchers have discovered how Microprocessor, a complex of DROSHA and DGCR8, precisely determines cleavage sites on miRNA-containing primary transcripts. This process allows faithful initiation of microRNA biogenesis.