Articles tagged with Molecular Structure
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have developed a new method for modifying complex drug molecules, known as strain-release amination. This technique has enabled the efficient synthesis of a promising cancer drug candidate, which was previously unsolvable due to its high difficulty and toxicity. The breakthrough also opens up n...
Researchers have created a new type of membrane that can efficiently convert chemical reactions into electrical current, potentially revolutionizing the fuel cell industry. The development has the potential to replace internal combustion engines and reduce harmful emissions.
Amar Flood's team at IU has created a tricarb molecule that self-assembles into flower-shaped crystalline patterns, a breakthrough in materials science. The team plans to use computer-aided design software to virtually experiment with millions of molecular compounds, reducing the time and cost of creating new materials.
A team from the University of York has developed user-friendly software called Privateer to analyze and study sugar molecules. This will enable scientists to better exploit carbohydrates in medicines, which have been poorly defined in databases.
Researchers have imaged the structure of IP3R, a calcium ion channel that controls cell function, offering insights into diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cancer. The discovery could lead to new treatments by enabling drug design venues.
A team of bioinformaticians at the University of Jena has developed a new search engine, 'CSI:FingerID', that significantly simplifies the identification of molecular structures of metabolites. The tool reduces the number of possible compounds from thousands to ten, making it feasible for precise lab tests to identify specific compounds.
A team from the University of Illinois and Indiana University combined techniques to determine the structure of cyanostar, a symmetrical macrocycle that can capture negative ions. The collaboration used xMDFF and PHENIX programs to overcome challenges of disorder in the molecule.
Researchers have created complex nanoforms displaying arbitrary wireframe architectures using novel organizational principles. These structures include symmetrical lattice arrays, quasicrystalline patterns, and 3D objects with precise control over branching and curvature.
Researchers at TSRI have published the first 3D structures of a receptor implicated in brain diseases and normal physiology, revealing links to the marijuana receptor system. The study sheds light on the molecular architecture of receptors for lysophosphatidic acid, a fat molecule linked to conditions such as hydrocephalus and cancer.
The study reveals amyloid beta-42 forms three flat structures with a 'salt bridge' that stabilizes its toxic shape. This discovery provides new insights into amyloid propagation in Alzheimer's disease and may impact the effectiveness of existing treatments.
Scientists have decoded the molecular basis for mitochondrial membrane folds, which allow cells to use food energy efficiently. The discovery of Mic10, a protein component, reveals its role in controlling transport and insertion into the inner membrane system of mitochondria.
Caltech scientists develop nanodevices that can measure the mass of individual molecules and reveal their three-dimensional spatial distribution, crucial for identifying large protein complexes. This technology enhances protein identification and analysis, improving odds in discovery mode.
Researchers found a way to predict protein structures by breaking them into smaller fragments and analyzing their distributions in nature. This discovery could lead to understanding how certain mutations cause disease and developing new treatments.
A new quantum model has been used to determine the molecular structure of water's liquid surface, revealing the intrinsic asymmetry of hydrogen bonds and their role in the surface's molecular orientation. The results accurately capture the properties of liquid water and offer a promising platform for molecular exploration.
A breakthrough in understanding plant cell walls could lead to innovative renewable materials and energy solutions. The discovery reveals a previously unknown molecular arrangement, providing new insights into the mechanical strength of plants.
Scientists at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have discovered a surprising high-spin ground state in the cationic cousin of dichromium, Cr2+, using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The team found complete localization of all ten valence electrons and maximum spin coupling, transforming an antiferromagnet into ferromagnetic.
Cell division relies on a collective process rather than a single molecular architect. The cleavage furrow's formation is driven by chemical signaling and mechanical processes, not just one key protein.
A team at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München shows that temperature gradients in pore systems promote cyclical replication and emergence of nucleic acids. The researchers demonstrate a setting where pore systems on the seafloor, heated by volcanic activity, can serve as reaction chambers for RNA synthesis.
Researchers from RIKEN Brain Science Institute have made significant strides in understanding the mechanism of dynein's movement along microtubules. The study found that specific amino acid residues on the microtubule structure play a crucial role in activating the dynein motor, enabling directional movement and cargo transport.
Scientists from Forschungszentrum Jülich and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic used computer simulations to gain deeper insights into scanning tunneling microscopy. The results show excellent agreement between experimental results and simulations, enabling the analysis of images with unprecedented accuracy.
Scientists at Max F. Perutz Laboratories have elucidated the molecular structure and regulation of α-actinin, a crucial muscle protein. The findings provide unprecedented insights into the protein's mode of action and its role in muscle disorders, paving the way for improved treatments.
Researchers at the University of Houston have developed a molecule that can capture potent greenhouse gases, including Freons and fluorocarbons. The molecule's lightweight structure with microscopic pores makes it an attractive solution for capturing large quantities of greenhouse gases.
Jülich researchers create a word using 47 molecules by manipulating them with a novel control system. The technique allows for the first time to remove large organic molecules from associated structures and place them elsewhere in a controlled manner.
Researchers at DESY's PETRA III have observed the growth of C60 molecules into ultra-smooth layers, revealing fundamental insights into molecular growth processes. The team determined three major energy parameters simultaneously, enabling the potential for selective nanostructure growth.
A team of SISSA scientists developed a new geometrical model to analyze RNA structure, which is simpler and faster than traditional methods. The method has been effective and robust in tests, performing well in some cases even better than conventional methods.
Researchers pinpoint key moments in the beginning of DNA replication, including structural details about the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix. The study's findings offer insights into how the enzyme becomes reactivated to begin its work splitting the DNA.
Researchers used RIXS to investigate liquid alcohols and found that split peaks originate from nuclear dynamics during the scattering process. This new understanding extends the technique's utility for studying complex materials.
Astronomers at Cornell University have detected an unusual carbon-based molecule, isopropyl cyanide, with a branched structure in a giant gas cloud 27,000 light years away. The discovery suggests that complex molecules needed for life may originate in interstellar space.
A new study suggests a way to reduce cement's greenhouse-gas output by more than half, resulting in stronger and more durable concrete. By adjusting the calcium-to-silica ratio, the material can achieve twice the resistance of normal cement, with significant reductions in carbon emissions.
Researchers from Max Planck Institute and Cornell University detect iso-propyl cyanide, a branched carbon molecule, in a giant gas cloud called Sagittarius B2. The discovery opens a new frontier in the complexity of molecules found in regions of star formation.
Rice University scientists have successfully synthesized a newly discovered natural antibiotic, viridicatumtoxin B, which shows potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The simplified synthesis of this compound may pave the way for developing more effective antibiotics against superbugs.
Researchers at Rice University developed a single-molecule sensor using Raman spectroscopy and an optical amplifier, amplifying the optical signature of molecules by about 100 billion times. This technique has the potential to identify unknown molecules without prior information.
An international team of researchers has solved a long-standing debate over the molecular structure of a vital biological chemical, identifying that the ferryl heme in Compound I is not protonated. However, one amino acid side chain is found to be doubly protonated, raising new questions about oxygen activation mechanisms.
Researchers have made the first structural observations of liquid water at temperatures as low as minus 51 degrees Fahrenheit, revealing new insights into its molecular structure and behavior. This study opens a new window for exploring liquid water in extreme conditions, which is relevant to global ocean currents, climate, and biology.
Eumelanin, the primary pigment in human skin, hair, and eyes, has been found to absorb a broad spectrum of sunlight due to its unique physical arrangement. Researchers have identified that disorder in the material's structure plays a crucial role in its broadband blocking ability.
Chemists at Scripps Research Institute have determined the correct structure of TIC10, a promising anticancer compound approved by FDA for clinical trials. The correct structure differs from an earlier published version and describes a molecule with potent anticancer effects in animals.
Berkeley Lab researchers unveiled the first soluble single-layer 2D honeycomb SOFs with precise control over dimensionality, holding implications for sensing, separation, energy sciences, and biomimetics. The breakthrough uses non-covalent supramolecular interactions to maintain solubility in water.
Physicists and chemists from Max Planck Institute and Heidelberg University develop method to directly image molecular structure of chiral molecules, revealing their absolute configuration and handedness. This breakthrough enables investigation of individual chiral molecules in the gaseous state.
Scientists have developed a novel software tool, Molecular Control Toolkit, allowing researchers to intuitively control 3D molecular graphics using gestures and voice commands. This innovation enables life scientists to visualize complex molecule structures more easily, model behavior, and design better drugs.
A German-Swiss research team has developed a device that sorts conformers of the same compound based on their shape, allowing for direct measurement of reaction rates. The device exploits the difference in dipole moment between conformers and uses it to separate and react them with calcium ions.
Researchers have developed a new theory to analyze interacting nuclear spins in solvents, revealing that the Nuclear Overhauser Effect is long-range due to electromagnetic radiation frequency. This breakthrough improves understanding of molecular structures and dynamics, opening up new applications for NMR spectroscopy.
Researchers have identified distinct molecular structures of beta-amyloid fibrils in Alzheimer's disease brains, which correlate with individual patient outcomes. These findings hold promise for developing patient-specific diagnostic imaging agents and treatments tailored to specific fibril structures.
The technique, dubbed 'multiple-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy,' captures the conformation of small molecules with great accuracy, measuring vibrations and determining angles between bonds. This method could revolutionize the study of catalysis, energy storage, and biomembranes.
VCU physicists have discovered the theoretical possibility of creating large, hollow magnetic cage molecules that could be used for targeted non-invasive drug delivery. The molecules, which are larger than the original Buckminster fullerene, carry giant magnetic moments and could serve as effective vehicles for delivering drugs to tumors.
Researchers at Bielefeld University can now determine the three-dimensional structure of gaseous molecules with unprecedented precision. The university's electron diffractometer allows for the analysis of small molecules in their pure state, shedding light on fundamental questions about atomic arrangements.
Researchers at UC Berkeley use a state-of-the-art atomic force microscope to take the first atom-by-atom pictures of chemical bonds, revealing how a molecule's structure changes during a reaction. This breakthrough technique will help chemists fine-tune reactions and study heterogeneous catalysis.
Researchers develop a new method to model large biomolecules in their native state using X-ray flash data, providing insights into protein structures and dynamic behavior. This technique promises to solve the shapes of more than 80,000 proteins in a static state and offer clues on individual components of mixtures.
Researchers at Columbia University developed a technique to isolate a single water molecule inside a buckyball, enabling controlled transport of a nonpolar molecule through an external electric field. This method holds promise for effective ways to control drug delivery and assemble C60-based functional structures.
A research team developed a new protocol for X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis that doesn't require crystallisation of the target molecule. This method allows for the analysis of scarce marine natural products and characterises many compounds previously impossible to analyze crystallographically.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have synthesized organic molecular structures that can move both positive and negative electrical charges. This breakthrough has significant implications for creating flexible electronic devices, such as stretchable and bendable computers and synthetic skin for robots and prosthetics.
A research team from KAIST solved the structure of Ataxin-1 and its binding partner Capicua, providing molecular details of their interaction. This discovery may lead to new therapeutic targets for treating Spinocerebella Ataxia Type 1 (SCA1) and related neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers from RUB discover that adding hydrogen molecules to CH5+ gives it a rudimentary structure, freezing its dynamically flexible form. This breakthrough could enable experimental measurements of the molecule's vibrational spectra.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz confirmed the original tetrahedral model of water's molecular structure, attributing its unique features to hydrogen bonds between molecules. The findings resolve a controversy that emerged in 2004, which was later attributed to temporary fluctuations in the bond network.
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) may still have functions without a rigid structure, while protein flexibility is crucial in molecular recognition. The debate highlights the complexity of protein behavior and the need for experiments to determine the true nature of protein recognition.
The Biophysical Society announced the recipients of its international travel grants, fostering interaction between American biophysicists and scientists in financially challenged countries. The award winners presented their research at the 57th Annual Meeting in Philadelphia.
A research team has described the architecture of human transcription factor TFIID, revealing its inner workings for the first time. The study used a novel approach inspired by viral replication to produce highly abundant and correctly assembled complexes of the core scaffold.
Ultrastable glasses have been produced in days or hours with properties matching those of thousands-year-old materials. These advancements could lead to stronger metals and faster-acting pharmaceuticals., Computer simulations confirmed the findings, revealing a correlation between molecular structure and physical properties.
Scientists measured methanol molecule's radio spectrum in a distant galaxy, finding minimal change in proton-to-electron mass ratio over billions of years. The result confirms fundamental properties of molecules have remained consistent despite universe's evolution.
Boston College researchers create a yolk-shell nanocrystal structure with a porous 'skin' that can filter molecules based on size or chemical makeup, allowing greater selectivity in chemical reactions. The new catalyst exhibits unprecedented control and precision, paving the way for expanded applications of heterogeneous catalysis.
Researchers found that as oil chains lengthened, the transformation occurred at lower temperatures. The team used Raman scattering and multivariate curve resolution to analyze water's subtle changes, finding a new structure when interacting with long-chain oils.