Articles tagged with Proteins
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent gene therapy study for advanced metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) showed stabilization or improvement in two patients, but lacks critical clinical assessments. The research highlights the need for comprehensive evaluations of cognition, motor, and speech function to substantiate claims.
Researchers develop new method to study glycosylation in proteins, discovering that gut bacteria can alter molecular signatures in the brain. The study found over 150,000 glycosylated protein forms in brain tissue samples from mice.
ApoB100 protein structure revealed for the first time, allowing for more precise testing and treatment of high cholesterol and heart disease. The discovery may lead to new drugs targeting LDL particles, reducing side effects of statin drugs.
The Bennu samples contain amino acids and nucleobases, building blocks for proteins, as well as ammonia, which can react to form complex molecules under the right conditions. These findings suggest that the conditions necessary for life were widespread across the early solar system, increasing the odds of life existing elsewhere.
The study reveals that the transthyretin protein forms asymmetric structures with two differently shaped binding pockets, which may contribute to its instability. The researchers' novel graphene grid method allows them to capture the protein's natural conformations, providing new insights into its structure and potential for targeted t...
Intrinsically disordered proteins make up 30% of all proteins and are linked to various diseases. By combining two methods in a single sample, researchers have improved the accuracy of measuring protein size and its impact on disease development.
A cross-sectional study found that maternal use of certain antidepressants and anti-inflammatory medications can lower protein and fat levels in breast milk. This may impose health risks on infants who are breastfed by mothers taking these medications, highlighting the need for further research to clarify the clinical implications.
Gene and cellular therapeutic approaches aim to enhance treatment outcomes for Huntington's disease by targeting different cellular, epigenetic, and genetic factors. Preclinical studies show promising results, paving the way for future clinical trials.
A new method captures RNA from diverse microbes, revealing distinct adaptive states in Prevotella and Roseburia genera. The study identifies novel host-phage transcriptional activity associations, providing insights into the complex relationships within the human gut microbiome.
This study maps aberrant cerebellar nuclei outputs in an autism mouse model, highlighting their link to social deficits. Targeted rescue of these deficits through chemogenetic inhibition suggests a promising new therapeutic strategy.
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with genetic predispositions and aging contributing to its development. Early intervention and biomarkers are crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers developed AI-driven therapeutic platform mimicking viral structures to deliver therapeutic genes to target cells. The innovative approach achieved precise symmetrical structures and effectively delivered payloads, paving the way for breakthroughs in gene therapies and next-generation vaccines.
A study using multi-omics analysis identified SP1 and EGR1 as key drivers of pathological remodeling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Inhibition of these transcription factors alleviated left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in an animal model.
Dr. Michael Courtney's team will use advanced phenotyping techniques to assess how SYNGAP1 missense variants impact protein function, focusing on pathogenic or uncertain variants. The project aims to inform therapeutic strategies for patients with SYNGAP1-related disorders through drug repurposing and functional assays.
A study by Tulane University researchers found that tumors in female fruit flies grew 2.5 times larger than those in male fruit flies due to sex-based differences in immune response. The stronger innate immune response in females accelerated tumor growth.
A study by Chiba University researchers has identified 106 compounds in pregnant women's serum samples, including phthalates, nitrogenous compounds, and parabens, which may impact biological pathways. The study proposes a non-targeted approach for detecting foreign chemicals and evaluating their potential health effects.
Researchers create novel protein-based gel, Q5, for high-performance skincare products with improved pH stability and sustainability. The protein-based material enables more stable and responsive formulations under acidic skin conditions.
Researchers evaluated over 400 patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease and found that CSF analysis was less reliable than PET imaging. The study suggests using amyloid PET scans as the diagnostic method of choice, especially for those with gray area results between 5.5-7.1 in their CSF.
Researchers have developed a simple model system to break down fibrils into their constituent single units or liquid droplets. This discovery has the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by targeting pathological fibrils.
A recent study published in JSFA Reports confirms that various pork cuts, Italian hams, and sausages offer excellent protein quality. The study found that all tested pork products achieved a Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) greater than 100.
The new portal connects genetic variant data with protein sequence and structural information, enabling easy visualization of variants on protein 3D structures. This facilitates the analysis of genetic variants' impact on protein function and structure.
A new study in mice shows a unique mRNA delivery method can successfully edit faulty genes in fetal brain cells. The technology has the potential to stop progression of genetic-based neurodevelopmental conditions like Angelman syndrome and Rett syndrome before birth.
Scripps Research scientists have identified a crucial binding site on the protein FOXA1 that could pave the way for future cancer treatments. The team's findings mapped out how tiny drug-like chemical compounds interact with the protein, revealing a hidden lock that small molecules can bind to.
Researchers at São Paulo State University used condensed matter physics concepts to describe protein compartmentalization in cells. The study proposes a cellular Griffiths-like phase that may be linked to the origin of life and the emergence of primordial organisms.
Scripps Research scientists develop a new approach to designing drugs that selectively bind to cancer-related proteins and their paralog counterparts. By identifying a druggable site on the paralog, they characterize drugs that only bind to the protein of interest, potentially leading to more effective treatments for certain cancers.
Researchers at Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg have observed proteins restructuring themselves to produce inositol, a key substance for metabolism. The study reveals that this process occurs in multiple similar proteins, shedding light on their functions.
Scientists at Stanford University have developed a new method to relocalize misplaced proteins in cells, which could lead to therapeutic treatments for diseases. The team created a class of molecules called TRAMs that convince natural shuttles to take cargo like proteins to different parts of the cell.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered that aneuploid cells, which have an abnormal number of chromosomes, are more susceptible to certain types of anticancer drugs. The studies found that disrupting the MAPK pathway increases the sensitivity of these cancer cells to chemotherapy.
Researchers create a novel paradigm for adding non-canonical amino acids to proteins by using four RNA nucleotides instead of the traditional three. This approach allows for efficient and targeted incorporation of new building blocks into specific sites in target proteins, enabling the creation of tailored proteins with unique functions.
Researchers from Japan have discovered that Exportin-5 interacts with a broader spectrum of RNAs, including tRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and specific mRNAs. This study sheds light on the unique roles of Exp5 in RNA export within Drosophila cells.
Researchers investigated peptide clumping behavior using molecular dynamics simulations and AI techniques. They discovered that aromatic amino acids enhance aggregation, while hydrophilic ones inhibit it, offering insights into peptide structure and function.
A team of chemists at Scripps Research has mapped over 300 small molecule-reactive cancer proteins and their binding sites, revealing key protein targets that can be disrupted with certain chemical compounds to halt cancer cell growth. The findings have the potential to lead to more effective and precise cancer treatments.
Terc-53 overexpression affects normal aging in mice, leading to cognitive decline and shortened lifespan. Hmmr levels decrease with age, but restoring them improves cognitive abilities and reduces neuroinflammation markers.
A Kobe University study establishes a new mouse model to study fetal abdominal inflammation caused by meconium peritonitis. The researchers found that heat-treated proteins in the meconium slurry disrupt digestive enzymes, leading to significant reduction in mortality rates.
Researchers have developed a new method to predict protein movements by teaching AI about energetic frustration. This improves the accuracy of tools like AlphaFold2 in predicting alternative structures and functional movements. The study has significant implications for drug design, enzyme engineering, and disease mechanisms.
Scientists studying environmental bacteria have determined a protein's essential role in maintaining the germ's shape. Loss of the protein OpgH disrupts the bubble-like cell envelope, resulting in the cell's death. This finding could lead to new drug targets and advance the search for better antibiotics.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed an atlas of proteins that reveals how they behave inside human cells. The tool allows for the identification of new proteins involved in important bodily functions, including fat distribution and protein creation.
A new study by ACS Journal of Proteome Research identifies shifts in tear protein levels as predictors of long-lasting pain after LASIK surgery. The analysis suggests that specific patterns of protein changes could one day be used to evaluate patients' risk of post-surgical eye pain and find new treatments.
A team of scientists from Max Planck Institute found that extremely long-lived proteins in the ovary play a crucial role in preserving fertility. These proteins, known as chaperones, help maintain cellular processes and prevent misfolded proteins from aggregating.
CARM1 plays a significant role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression by interacting with HIF1A. The study demonstrates that CARM1 promotes proliferation, invasion, EMT, and stemness in TNBC cells, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for cancer progression.
Han Xiao aims to develop cells that can biosynthesize and utilize non-canonical amino acids as in vivo sensors for enzymes involved in posttranslational modifications. This research could lead to new strategies in treating diseases by providing real-time insights into enzyme activities.
Researchers found a correlation between protein folding and evolution in certain globular protein families, with most conserved exons corresponding to better foldons. However, the general trend did not hold for all protein families, suggesting other biological factors may influence protein folding and evolution.
Researchers at Rice University discovered two types of motorized chain models: swimming motors and grappling motors, which manipulate chromosome structures. The study reveals how these proteins impact ideal polymer chains, leading to contraction or expansion depending on forces exerted.
Professor Helle Ulrich will investigate how a small regulatory protein called ubiquitin contributes to DNA replication and repair, and decipher how cells direct different pathways. The ERC Advanced Grant aims to gain a deeper mechanistic understanding of ubiquitin's function in preventing mutations that can cause ageing and cancer.
Researchers at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine will investigate how injured heart cells communicate with other cells throughout the body using microvesicles known as exosomes. The study aims to understand how specific molecules, such as microRNAs, facilitate communication pathways between cells in the heart and vasculature.
A study by TUM researchers discovered four subtypes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) with different molecular processes, including sex differences. The findings suggest repurposing an approved cancer drug targeting the MAPK pathway as a promising therapeutic approach for ALS.
Researchers used 2D infrared spectroscopy to investigate milk protein structures and dynamics in coffee beverages. The study found that milk proteins remained intact, retaining their original properties, even when exposed to caffeine and coffee grounds.
Researchers developed and validated a new DNA methylation clock (iCAS-DNAmAge) to estimate chronological age in Chinese cohorts, outperforming existing clocks. The study provides valuable tools for assessing biological age and informs aging intervention strategies.
A breakthrough discovery by Nara Institute of Science and Technology researchers identifies EPHA2 as a critical surface protein for preserving stem cell potency. This finding holds promise for safer regenerative medicine by reducing the risk of tumorigenesis, paving the way for organ repair and treatment of degenerative conditions.
A team of researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University has engineered a short sequence of artificial DNA to target the mutant protein p53-R175H, linked to lung, colorectal, and breast cancers. The new molecule, dp53m, inhibits cancer cell growth and increases sensitivity to chemotherapy agent cisplatin.
Researchers have developed an AI algorithm that can track protein clumping under the microscope in real-time, revolutionizing the study of neurodegenerative disorders. The tool helps identify key characteristics of clumped proteins, which can lead to new therapies.
Researchers have identified an ancient protein that partners with a modern plant enzyme to synthesize lignin, a key component of plant cell walls. This discovery provides insights into the evolution of plant protective mechanisms and their potential industrial applications.
Researchers at Bielefeld University discovered that certain gluten-derived molecules, including the 33-mer deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP), form nanosized structures that accumulate in gut epithelial cells and lead to leaky gut syndrome. This triggers chronic inflammation and autoimmune responses in celiac disease patients.
A new food systems perspective study from the University of Washington shows that pork meat is a high-quality protein source, affordable, and associated with lower greenhouse gas emissions. The study highlights the importance of separating pork from other red meats in nutrition and epidemiology research.
A team at Osaka University uses novel RNA sequencing techniques to reveal the molecular basis for sexual dimorphism in Daphnia, a species of water flea that can change its form and behavior despite being genetically identical. The study identifies genes that switch which isoforms are expressed in a sex-dependent manner.
Researchers at the University of Seville discovered Galectin-3's crucial role in brain tumour progression, finding its inhibition significantly reduces glioblastoma size and brain metastases. Inhibition promotes pro-inflammatory markers and reverses immunosuppressive biomarkers, leading to improved outcomes.
This year's winners include Professor Neil Kelleher, Dr. Tamir Gonen, Professor Margaret Sunde, and more, recognized for their pioneering research in top-down proteomics, membrane proteins, amyloid studies, and human health applications.
Researchers at UC Riverside identify NMD pathway as crucial for early brain development and preventing microcephaly. The study links NMD regulation of brain size control to the tumor suppressor gene p53, suggesting potential new connections between NMD and cancer.
Researchers have developed a new anticoagulant with an on-off switch, providing rapid control of bleeding risks in surgery and blood clots. The supramolecular approach combines a tsetse fly protein with a synthetic peptide, allowing for the anticoagulant to be rapidly deactivated by introducing correctly matched strands of free PNA.
Scientists from OIST created synthetic droplets to mimic biological processes, finding that pH gradients facilitate Marangoni effect and enabling droplets to detect and migrate towards each other. This study sheds light on the movement of simplest forms of life in primordial soup billions of years ago.