Researchers advancing decadal predictions
Researchers are advancing decadal predictions by applying a multivariate statistical framework to climate models. They aim to improve understanding of climate variability and predictability.
Atmosphere
Articles tagged with Atmosphere
Corona-induced CO2 emission reductions are not yet detectable in the atmosphere
Researchers measure CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and find no decrease despite estimated reductions of up to eight percent in 2020. Long-term changes are needed to reach Paris Climate Agreement goals, requiring cumulative reductions every year.
Phosphine on Venus
An international team of astronomers detected phosphine in Venus' atmosphere, which could be evidence of biological origin, but unknown photochemistry or geochemistry are also possible explanations.
Latest version of climate system model shows significant improvements in simulation performance
A new version of China's climate system model shows significant improvements in simulating ocean and sea ice trends. The model outperforms previous versions in terms of climate element representation, including long-term trends and climatological patterns.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateSep 2, 2020
Stationary waves and tropical cyclone variability
Researchers found significant correlations between stationary wave strength and tropical cyclone activity, with strong waves modulating TC frequency and altering atmospheric conditions. The study's hemispheric perspective on TC variability offers insights into improving future projections of TC activity in a warming climate.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 31, 2020
Anthropogenic CO2 increase is unprecedented
Researchers at the University of Bern used a new measurement technology to analyze Antarctic ice cores and found that CO2 concentration rose rapidly during interglacial periods, even when ocean circulation was disturbed. This challenges the assumption of stable climate conditions during previous interglacials.
Pulse-like jumps in atmospheric carbon dioxide occurred in glacial and early interglacial periods
A new study reveals pulse-like increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide during glacial and early interglacial periods, linked to changes in the AMOC. The results suggest similar jumps could occur in the future if global warming impacts Atlantic Ocean circulation.
Ocean microbes could interact with pollution to influence climate
Scientists used an 'ocean-in-a-lab' to show that air pollution can change the makeup of gases and aerosols released by sea spray, influencing atmospheric composition and weather. The study found that adding pollutants like hydroxyl radicals transformed microbe-produced gases into new compounds.
New method makes magnetic maps of the solar corona
Researchers have developed a new method to map the magnetic field of the solar corona using near-infrared observations. The technique, presented in a recent study, can provide detailed maps of the coronal magnetic field across the entire observable corona.
How to predict a typhoon
A new model developed by researchers can predict tropical cyclones with improved accuracy, up to 10-30 days in advance. The model analyzes nearly a quarter of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, accounting for key factors such as warm sea surface temperatures and wind shears.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateAug 4, 2020
Scientists reveal roles of wind stress and subsurface cold water in the second-year cooling of the 2017/18 La Niña event
Scientists analyzed atmospheric and oceanic factors behind the 2017/18 La Niña event's cooling. Wind stress and subsurface cold water played significant roles in the event's second-year cooling, with differences observed from previous events.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateAug 3, 2020
Tong to receive NOAA funding for project modeling air quality, carbon and climate
George Mason University's Daniel Tong will receive $83,748 from NOAA to develop an integrated model system predicting air quality and greenhouse gas emissions at a city scale. The three-year project aims to simulate the evolution of criteria air pollutants and greenhouse gases in a changing climate.
Novel theory of climate dynamics: Three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation
A recent research development introduces a pioneering theory of three-pattern decomposition of global atmospheric circulation. This new system improves the accuracy of climate prediction by unifying atmospheric motions in different latitudes. The theory has been praised as an original and innovative achievement with international level.
Geomagnetic anomaly in the South Atlantic
Anomalous geomagnetic activity detected in South Atlantic Ocean, potentially hindering satellites due to increased solar particles. Volcanic rocks on Saint Helena island reveal variation in magnetic field directions higher than expected at the latitude.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 20, 2020
Tong & collaborators developing comprehensive emission dataset for CAM-CMAQ
Tong and collaborators are developing a model-ready emission dataset for CAM-CMAQ's wildfire forecasting system, aiming to improve accuracy and mitigate adverse fire effects. The dataset will also incorporate aerosol attenuation of photolysis in smoke plumes.
Decadal predictability of North Atlantic blocking and the NAO
A recent study published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science reveals remarkable skill in reproducing multi-annual variations of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and atmospheric blocking frequency. This breakthrough suggests that impactful climate anomalies may be predictable with improved dynamical models, filling the gap between lo...
SourceCMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change·Journalnpj Climate and Atmospheric Science·DateJul 17, 2020
NAU planetary scientist collaborates on first-ever Mars mission launched by Arab world
A veteran NAU planetary scientist collaborates with UAE and US teams to develop Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS), providing a unique view of Martian atmosphere. The Emirates Mars Mission 'Hope' orbiter arrives at Mars in February 2021, collecting images and data for two years.
Aerosols and cloud lifetime
Research using satellite observations and air mass trajectory modeling reveals that aerosols can extend cloud lifetime and brightness in the stratus-to-cumulus transition zone. This can lead to reduced planetary warming by reflecting more solar radiation back into space.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 13, 2020
New study detects ringing of the global atmosphere
A recent study confirms theories developed by physicists over the last two centuries, showing the Earth's atmosphere vibrates like a bell. The study analyzed atmospheric pressure data for 38 years, revealing dozens of predicted wave modes, matching theory well.
First exposed planetary core discovered allows glimpse inside other worlds
Astronomers at the University of Warwick have discovered a Neptune-sized gas giant with an exposed core, allowing for the first time to peer inside a planet. The core is believed to be 'failed' or stripped of its gaseous atmosphere, offering insights into planet formation and composition.
Super-Earths discovered orbiting nearby red dwarf
Researchers have detected a system of super-Earths orbiting the nearby star Gliese 887, a red dwarf with conditions suitable for liquid water and potentially hosting life. The newly discovered planets are large enough to be rocky worlds and could retain their atmospheres due to the star's low activity.
Know the risks of investing in forests
Researchers warn that forests can be vulnerable to climate change, including fire, drought, and insect damage, which can undermine the effectiveness of forest-based natural climate solutions. Scientists must focus on assessing forest climate risks and sharing data with policymakers to inform climate strategies.
Tong examining development and readiness of satellite products for fire and smoke forecasting
Researchers are assessing the quality of a new satellite fire product using aircraft campaign data to support NOAA's next-generation wildfire forecasting system. The goal is to improve model-ready fire emission data for the CAM-CMAQ wildfire forecasting system.
Presence of airborne dust could signify increased habitability of distant planets
The study found that airborne dust can cool down the hotter dayside but also warm the night side, effectively widening the planet's habitable zone. This process is a negative climate feedback, postponing the loss of water and making the planet more habitable.
A potential explanation for urban smog
New research suggests nitric acid can boost particle growth in cold climates, forming particles even in highly polluted cities. This mechanism also affects the oxidation characteristics of organic compounds, potentially reducing aerosol formation and contributing to climate warming.
Astronomers create cloud atlas for hot, Jupiter-like exoplanets
A new model predicts the most common type of cloud on hot Jupiters, which should consist of liquid or solid silicate droplets. The study also finds that clouds can block observations of gases beneath them, hindering research on exoplanet formation and life.
Dinosaur-dooming asteroid struck Earth at 'deadliest possible' angle
The asteroid impact at an estimated 60-degree angle led to the release of massive amounts of sulphur into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and causing a nuclear winter. This event ultimately contributed to the extinction of dinosaurs and 75% of life on Earth 66 million years ago.
Long-term data show hurricanes are getting stronger
A study analyzing nearly 40 years of hurricane satellite imagery found a global increase in maximum sustained winds, consistent with expectations of how hurricanes respond to a warming world. The research built on previous work identifying trends in hurricane intensification and poleward migrations of hurricanes.
SourceUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 18, 2020
New, rapid mechanism for atmospheric particle formation
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have identified a previously unknown mechanism that enables the rapid growth of atmospheric particles. This discovery could help model climate change and reduce air pollution in cities by explaining how tiny particles form and grow.
SwRI scientist modeled Mars climate to understand habitability
A Southwest Research Institute scientist modeled Mars' atmosphere to determine that salty pockets of water on the Red Planet are unlikely to be habitable by Earth-based life. The study found stable brines could form seasonally, but temperatures are too low to support life.
Water loss in northern peatlands threatens to intensify fires, global warming
A new study reveals that climate change is causing a significant loss of water from peatlands, which can accelerate global warming by releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere. This can lead to more intense fires and worsen the boreal landscape.
Simulations forecast nationwide increase in human exposure to extreme climate events
By 2050, the US is expected to face more frequent heat waves, droughts, and floods, posing greater risks to human health and ecosystems. Researchers used high-resolution climate models to calculate population exposure to extreme climate events, finding that over 47 million people are already exposed annually.
Thermal tides cause Venus' atmosphere to rotate far faster than its surface
Researchers tracked Venus' atmospheric clouds and winds using Akatsuki data to estimate forces sustaining super-rotation. Thermal tides from solar heating near the equator are found to provide required angular momentum
Atmospheric tidal waves maintain Venus' super-rotation
Researchers found that atmospheric tidal waves formed from solar heating on the planet's dayside and cooling on its nightside maintain Venus' super-rotation. The study also reveals a dual circulation system that transports heat across the globe.
Latest findings from expanded research on Antarctic meteorology and climate
A recent special issue of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences presents the latest findings from expanded and ongoing research efforts in Antarctic meteorology and climate. The studies reveal signs of climate change, including strong warming over the Antarctic Peninsula, rapid ice loss, and changes in precipitation patterns.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateApr 19, 2020
Chamber measurement standards established for fine particles
The University of Helsinki has established a new standard procedure for analyzing fine particles in experimental chambers, enabling researchers to better understand the mechanisms associated with fine particle formation and its impact on global warming. This standard will help simulate past and future atmospheric conditions, providing ...
Future aerosol emission reductions will worsen atmospheric diffusion conditions in eastern China
Eastern China's air pollution has been a major concern, and new research suggests that future aerosol emission reductions could worsen atmospheric diffusion conditions conducive to extreme haze events. The study found that climate effects induced by aerosol reduction play a leading role in the anticyclone change in eastern China.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAtmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters·DateApr 13, 2020
Measuring the wind speed on a brown dwarf
A new study has measured wind speeds on a brown dwarf using infrared and radio emissions, revealing strong winds of up to 2,400 kilometers per hour. The technique can be adapted to characterize atmospheres of exoplanets with similar rotation rates and periodic variability.
Tracking Southern Hemisphere black carbon to Antarctic snow
A team of Brazilian researchers collected shallow snow cores and analyzed BC concentrations to study the particle's effect on Antarctic climate. They found very low BC concentrations, sparking questions about BC seasonal variability and geographical sources.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateApr 7, 2020
What makes Saturn's atmosphere so hot
New analysis of data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft reveals that auroral electric currents are likely responsible for heating Saturn's upper atmosphere. The study provides the most complete mapping yet of temperature and density in a gas giant's upper atmosphere, shedding light on how heat circulates in the region.
The Arctic may influence Eurasian extreme weather events in just two to three weeks
New research suggests that the Arctic may impact Eurasian extreme weather events as quickly as two to three weeks, highlighting the need for more robust analysis techniques. The study aims to improve forecast accuracy by targeting specific observations and developing simulation experiments.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateApr 2, 2020
Ocean changes almost starved life of oxygen
A new study found that ocean changes in the early Neoproterozoic era limited phytoplankton growth and oxygen release, maintaining an oxidizing atmosphere. The study suggests that phosphorus levels remained 'just sufficient' to support life.
How much does black carbon contribute to climate warming?
A new framework reconciles model simulations with laboratory and empirical observations, providing a more accurate understanding of black carbon's climate forcing effect. The study finds that black carbon particles are not uniformly coated, resulting in lower absorption rates than models suggest, but still contribute to climate warming.
SourceMichigan Technological University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 28, 2020
Ancient meteorite site on Earth could reveal new clues about Mars' past
A new study reveals that a site in southern Germany's Nordlinger Ries crater may provide insights into Mars' ancient atmosphere. The team used nitrogen isotope ratios to estimate the pH of ancient waters, suggesting high levels of carbon dioxide could have made liquid water possible on the red planet.
Scientists discover dust from Middle East cools the Red Sea
Researchers at KAUST found that Middle East dust has a positive cooling effect on the land and Red Sea, with the largest radiative cooling effect in the world. This discovery highlights the complex role of dust aerosols in shaping global climate patterns.
SourceKing Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST)·JournalGeographical Research·DateFeb 26, 2020
Old methane sources less important in modern climate warming
A new study suggests that ancient stores of methane in permafrost and beneath Arctic ice have a limited impact on future climate warming. Current activities are the primary source of methane emissions, with natural emissions accounting for nearly 40%.
Southern Ocean sea ice and carbon sequestration
A 784,000-year climate simulation reveals that Southern Ocean sea ice significantly reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide during glacial periods. By limiting surface water exposure and vertical mixing of deep ocean waters, sea ice drives a 40 ppm reduction in atmospheric CO2 levels.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 17, 2020
Dimethyl sulfide oxidation in marine atmosphere
Scientists found that at least 30% of oceanic dimethyl sulfide is transformed into hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF), a previously unknown atmospheric compound. This discovery suggests reevaluation of marine sulfur's impact on cloud formation and climate.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 17, 2020
Climate change and precipitation in Mediterranean climates
A study reveals that Mediterranean-like climates are experiencing variable responses to climate warming, with some regions drying faster than global-mean warming. The differences result from distinct regional changes in atmospheric circulation driven by separate fast and slow sea-surface temperature responses to greenhouse gases.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 17, 2020
Storm-induced sea level spikes differ in origin on US east, gulf coasts
Research led by the University of Arizona found that the US East and Gulf Coasts have different responses to storm surges due to ocean and atmospheric circulation interactions. The Gulf Coast, particularly New Orleans, is highly sensitive to tropical cyclone characteristics, leading to elevated storm surge heights.
Arctic sea ice and Pacific trade winds
Researchers found a connection between Arctic sea ice melting and altered Pacific El Niño activity. The study suggests that sea ice melt drives vertical convection in the Arctic Ocean, generating planetary waves that carry heat and momentum to the tropics.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 27, 2020
Record-setting ocean warmth continued in 2019
A new analysis shows the world's oceans were the warmest in 2019 than any other time in recorded human history. The study reveals that the past ten years have been the warmest on record for global ocean temperatures, with significant consequences for marine life and extreme weather events.
SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateJan 13, 2020
Future subtropical warming accelerates tropical climate change
A new study published in Nature Climate Change concludes that future subtropical warming is the main culprit behind accelerated tropical climate change. This phenomenon originates from the interaction of atmospheric and oceanic circulation changes, as well as cloud processes between subtropical and tropical regions.
Martian water vapor varies with the seasons
Scientists studied Martian atmospheric water vapor using ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter data, finding seasonal changes were the dominant regulator. The study suggests that warm seasons can lead to increased water loss into space, impacting Mars' continued desiccation.
Scientists develop new method to detect oxygen on exoplanets
Researchers at UC Riverside have developed a technique to detect oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres, which may indicate the presence of life. The method uses NASA's James Webb Space Telescope to identify a strong signal produced by oxygen molecules when they collide.
Amazon forest regrowth much slower than previously thought
A new study reveals Amazonian forests regrow much slower than previously believed, taking up to a century to fully recover and potentially overestimating their role in combating human-caused climate change.
Martian aurora offers climate change clues, Embry-Riddle reports
Researchers at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University present findings that a type of Martian aurora is the most common on the Red Planet, offering insights into water loss and climate change. The study uses data from NASA's MAVEN spacecraft to track hydrogen escape and understand how Mars' atmosphere has changed over time.
Estimates of ecosystem carbon mitigation improved towards the goal of the Paris agreement
Researchers at Chiba University have improved estimates of ecosystem carbon mitigation, crucial for meeting the Paris Agreement's climate goals. By reconciling top-down and bottom-up approaches, they reduced discrepancies in flux estimations, providing a more accurate picture of terrestrial carbon sinks.
Newfound Martian aurora actually the most common; sheds light on Mars' changing climate
A new study using MAVEN data reveals that the proton aurora on Mars occurs more than 14% of dayside observations, increasing to over 80% during southern summer. This correlation suggests that changes in solar activity and Martian atmospheric conditions lead to increased water loss.
Scientists map a planet's global wind patterns for the first time, and it's not Earth
Researchers successfully collect wind data on Mars, revealing circulation patterns that bear the signature of mountains and valleys hundreds of kilometers below. The study's findings provide valuable insights into Martian climate and potentially inform studies on Earth's upper atmosphere.