Articles tagged with Atmosphere
A new MIT study finds that climate change is shifting the energy in the atmosphere, leading to stronger thunderstorms and more stagnant conditions. Rising global temperatures are redistributed, with more energy available for local convective processes like thunderstorms and less for larger, milder extratropical cyclones.
Climate change is warming the ocean but land faster, increasing continental aridity and aerosol concentration. This leads to a heightened risk of smog and air pollution, posing health problems for people, animals, and plants worldwide.
Researchers discovered a global pattern of extreme rainfall teleconnections linked to jetstreams, which could enhance weather forecasting and damage mitigation. The study's findings have practical relevance for improving predictions of extreme rainfall events.
A study analyzing GRACE and GPS data found that ice mass loss in southwest Greenland was driven by changes in surface mass balance, rather than glacial discharge. The Greenland Ice Sheet is highly sensitive to atmospheric forcing, and this region may contribute significantly to sea level rise under continued climate warming.
A new study suggests that cover crops grown in fields during winter can increase temperatures in the northern US and southern Canada by up to 3 degrees Celsius. This occurs due to reduced snow reflectivity, allowing crop stems and leaves to absorb solar heat and warm the surrounding atmosphere.
Researchers found that sulfuric acid, ammonia, and organic vapors are necessary for efficient particle formation in continental moderately polluted atmospheres. Nitrogen oxides decrease newly formed particles, affecting climate change models and aerosol-cloud interactions.
Astronomers use Hubble to detect a second 'very warm' Neptune losing its atmosphere at an unprecedented rate, shedding light on the mysterious hot-Neptune deficit. The planet's evaporation may be linked to its star's intense radiation and age.
Scientists will investigate soil carbon formation, stabilization, and loss with a £1.8 million grant from the Natural Environment Research Council. The study aims to quantify increases in soil carbon storage that can mitigate climate change and improve global food security.
Researchers discovered two warm Neptunes at the edge of the 'hot Neptune desert' losing their atmospheres at a rapid pace. This supports the idea that hot Neptunes transform into super-Earths, which are more numerous than previously thought. The study used NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to observe the evaporation of these planets.
Researchers have detected helium escaping from the atmosphere of HAT-P-11b, a planet equivalent in size to Neptune, revealing an extended cloud that is inflating the planet like a balloon. The study provides new insights into the extreme atmospheric conditions found around the hottest exoplanets.
The giant exoplanet WASP-69b carries a comet-like tail made of helium particles escaping its gravitational field propelled by ultraviolet radiation from its star. The team analyzed the planet's atmosphere using the CARMENES instrument, revealing a stronger and longer-lasting dimming of starlight in a region where helium gas absorbs light.
Researchers discovered that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) sends messages to Antarctica, causing sudden changes in global climate conditions. The study found that a weakening AMOC could trigger abrupt climate shifts, affecting Asia's monsoons and carbon dioxide absorption.
Researchers at UIC aim to recreate Titan's oceanic conditions in a laboratory growth chamber to detect potential biosignatures of life on the moon. They plan to grow microorganisms under high pressure and extreme cold to identify characteristic chemical and biological signatures.
Researchers have created updated climate models for the seven planets around TRAPPIST-1, revealing unexpected similarities and differences with our solar system. The study suggests that some planets may have evolved like Venus due to an extremely hot early stellar phase, while others could be habitable ocean worlds.
The study found that Antarctic melting will delay atmospheric warming by about a decade but accelerate sea level rise. The global temperature is projected to increase by 2 degrees C by the year 2065, rather than 2053.
A new study published in GeoHealth suggests that warmer winter temperatures increase the likelihood of violent and property crimes. The relationship between climate and crime rates is thought to be linked to how climate alters people's daily activities.
Researchers used tree rings to track the northern boundary of the tropics from 1203 to 2003, finding that periods of expansion coincided with severe droughts. The study suggests climate change was a contributing factor to these societal disruptions.
A new study finds that preindustrial fire emissions were stronger than previously believed, leading to an underestimated cooling effect on past climate. Fire-induced aerosol particles increased cloud brightness and reflected sunlight, offsetting warming from greenhouse gases.
The University of Arizona has been awarded a $30 million NASA grant to investigate the interactions between aerosols and cloud properties over the Western Atlantic. The five-year project aims to reduce uncertainty about human-caused effects on the atmosphere, specifically interactions between aerosol particles and clouds.
University of Montana researchers discovered that ecosystems' carbon balance depends on water availability and annual precipitation thresholds. The study suggests climate models need improvement to accurately predict terrestrial carbon dynamics.
A new study found that Arctic tundra, particularly wetlands, acts as a net carbon sink, sequestering atmospheric CO2 through plant uptake and growth. The region's ability to absorb and store carbon makes it essential for determining the Arctic's role in climate change.
Researchers will combine novel tracking devices with weather radar data to gain insights into migratory birds' atmospheric habitats. The project aims to understand the impact of climate change on bird migration patterns and develop strategies for local adaptation.
Researchers used data from NASA's Kepler Space Telescope to discover Wolf 503b, an exoplanet with a radius near the 'Fulton gap', and is part of a class of 'super-Earths'. The discovery provides insights into the origin of this size gap and the nature of these planets.
Researchers found that air temperature feedback, a process linking atmosphere and surface, amplifies surface warming in response to external forcing. This feedback kernel measures the ability of temperature feedback to amplify surface warming.
Research by Carnegie Institution scientists reveals that aerosol particles from different countries have varying effects on the climate and air quality. Aerosols emitted in certain regions can cool the planet more than others, with some having a significant impact even if they are far from their source of origin.
Astronomers have detected iron and titanium vapors in the atmosphere of KELT-9b, an ultra-hot Jupiter, using spectroscopy. The high temperatures break apart molecules, making these atomic species visible.
Researchers have found that a 'flushing' of the deep Pacific Ocean caused by accelerated water circulation patterns led to the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during deglaciation. This phenomenon could happen again, potentially amplifying human-caused climate change.
Research team proposes that ultrahot Jupiters have normal compositions, with atmospheres resembling stars due to high temperatures and radiation. Water molecules are torn apart on the dayside, but may recombine into clouds in the nightside hemispheres.
A new study by Washington University in St. Louis reveals that the Earth shifted its volatile transport regime around 2.5 billion years ago, with a significant increase in regassing potentially enabled by subduction. This change had a profound impact on the internal churning of the mantle and plate motions at the surface.
Dry months are experiencing temperature increases faster than average climate warming, according to a new UCI study. The research team found regions undergoing droughts warmed more than four times faster than areas with average weather conditions.
A computer model of a planet's lifecycle reveals stagnant lid planets can sustain liquid water and potentially life for billions of years. The presence and amount of heat-producing elements are key indicators of habitability, according to Penn State researchers.
A new study reveals that El Niño diversity arises from the interaction between Eastern and Central Pacific oscillations, leading to irregular occurrence and complex behavior. This understanding is crucial for predicting El Niño events accurately in a warming world.
Ben Kirtman, a University of Miami Rosenstiel School professor, has been recognized as an American Meteorological Society Fellow for his outstanding work in weather, water and climate. He is known for developing prediction systems and studying the limits of climate predictability.
The MAVEN spacecraft has found a new type of Martian aurora that occurs over much of the day side, where auroras are hard to see. Protons 'steal' electrons from Mars' outer atmosphere, creating ultraviolet light and depositing energy.
Researchers discovered a mechanism for forming nanometre-sized ultrafine particles in polluted air, involving sulphuric acid and dimethylamine. The study, published in Science, uses advanced measuring equipment developed by the University of Helsinki's Atmospheric Science department.
The paper highlights the importance of accurately measuring greenhouse gases and their role in determining Earth's future climate. Researchers propose a new space-based observing system to improve our understanding of carbon cycle feedbacks and predict climate change.
Professor Sarah Kang receives the 2018 Kamide Award for her pioneering contributions to atmospheric sciences, identifying mechanisms of high-latitude climate change on tropical precipitation. Her work blazed a trail in climate dynamics, revealing correlations between high and low latitude zones.
Researchers found evidence of two transient oxygenation events on early Earth, with the first occurring around 2.66 billion years ago and the second around 50 million years later. These findings may help astronomers detect life on exoplanets by avoiding false negatives caused by undetectable oxygen levels.
Researchers found that stronger westerly winds near Antarctica led to massive CO2 releases in the past, similar to current human-caused climate change. This contraction and strengthening of winds can significantly impact atmospheric CO2 concentrations and future climate.
Researchers at the University of Exeter and the Met Office warn that climate models are underestimating the effects of rising CO2 levels. They found that CO2 concentrations could reach up to 765ppm before a 1.5°C warming threshold is reached, affecting ecosystems, crop yields, and ocean acidification.
The regional climate modeling community has made significant progress in developing regional earth system models (RESMs), which account for the atmosphere, ocean, land, sea ice, and other key components. Researchers highlight the need for further development, including the inclusion of human factors and interactive biosphere elements.
Researchers discovered that biological soil crusts, composed of microorganisms thriving in extreme conditions, may have contributed significantly to establishing the nitrogen cycle essential for life. This new understanding shifts the focus from oceanic microbes and provides a fresh perspective on the early Earth's history.
Researchers have pinpointed the geographic sectors that control the strength and edges of the Hadley circulation, a prominent atmospheric overturning circulation. The study found that mid-latitude eddies play a dominant role in the variability of Hadley circulation strength in certain regions.
Climate change-induced tropical circulation slowdowns are linked to poleward Hadley cell expansion and intertropical convergence zone shifts. Regional precipitation redistribution involves complex thermodynamic and dynamical processes, including surface warming effects over oceans and land.
An international team of astronomers detected molecules on an exoplanet, allowing it to be visualized. The technique reveals the planet's surface composition and temperature, providing new insights into planetary atmospheres. Future spectrographs will enhance this method, enabling more accurate characterization of planets.
Researchers analyzed a 200-year sediment core from a Himalayan lake, finding increased sulfate concentrations starting at the end of the Second Industrial Revolution. The findings suggest that atmospheric sulfur isotope ratios in the region were influenced by pre-industrial biomass burning and post-1930 anthropogenic dust emissions.
A new study led by University of Iowa researchers explains how ammonia is distributed in the upper atmosphere, aligning with satellite measurements. The research answers a mystery of how ammonia is absorbed and released into the air during convection, resolving a discrepancy between satellite data and scientific understanding.
Researchers used a novel geochemical proxy to study the evolution of marine life and oxygen levels in the ocean. The findings suggest that upper-ocean oxygen levels did not stabilize until 200 million years ago, when larger eukaryotic plankton dominated the world's oceans.
Researchers discovered Pluto's dunes on the boundary of a major mountain range, likely formed by methane ice grain sublimation and transported by moderate winds. The unique features suggest recent formation within the last 500,000 years.
Two UNIST faculty members, Professor Myong-In Lee and Professor Dong Hyun Cha, have received top government awards for their outstanding contributions to urban meteorology and climatology. They were recognized for their research on climate change, disaster risks, and regional climate modeling.
Professor Sarah Kang from Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology has been appointed to the Climate Dynamics Panel (CDP) of CLIVAR. She will provide recommendations on key research priorities in climate dynamics for a three-year term.
Researchers found that atmospheric blocking caused by meandering jet streams slows eastward winds and can lead to extreme weather events. Climate change may alter the frequency of blocking, potentially due to increased jet stream capacity
A new study analyzes ancient fish remains to reveal a 5°C rapid temperature increase following the Chicxulub asteroid impact. The findings suggest that temperatures did not cool for roughly 100,000 years after the event.
Under projected high greenhouse gas levels, Floridians may face more extreme heatwaves with profound impacts on human health and the state's economy. Heatwaves lasting longer at night could exacerbate urban heat island effects, making cities like Miami and Orlando particularly vulnerable.
Scientists have detected an exoplanet atmosphere free of clouds, marking a pivotal breakthrough in understanding planets beyond our solar system. The 'hot Saturn' WASP-96b's clear sodium signature is the result of its cloud-free atmosphere.
A new Yale study finds that global lake evaporation will increase 16 percent by the end of the century as a result of climate change. The specific mechanisms driving this phenomenon are not what scientists expected, with other factors such as shortened ice periods and changes in heat energy allocation playing a crucial role.
Astronomers have successfully detected helium in the atmosphere of WASP-107b, a super-Neptune exoplanet. The detection was made using the Hubble Space Telescope and reveals an abundance of helium in the upper atmosphere, extending tens of thousands of kilometres into space.
Research led by Dr. Soren Brothers found that Lake Superior absorbs atmospheric CO2 from May to October, but expels it during winter due to El Niño events and climate change. The study, published in Limnology and Oceanography, suggests a potential marine-atmospheric feedback loop with global warming.
Researchers find sunlight can activate organic molecules at ocean's surface, forming larger molecules that seed clouds. This process could impact temperature regulation on Earth, with implications for human health and visibility.
Scientists found that dominant Eurasian 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies can persist from winter to the following spring. This persistence is linked to a triple sea surface temperature anomaly pattern in the North Atlantic, which triggers an atmospheric wave train over the region.