Articles tagged with Atmospheric Physics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Research by University of Washington reveals that ice shards in Southern Ocean clouds increase the amount of sunlight absorbed by the ocean's surface. The study found a significant impact on temperature, with differences of 10 Watts per square meter between models including and excluding ice formation.
Researchers at Mainz University created artificial hailstones using a 3D printer to study their behavior in a vertical wind tunnel. The experiments revealed that the form of hailstones determines their velocity before impact, which can affect the severity of precipitation events.
Researchers have solved a key part of the coronal heating problem by merging two previous theories into one. The study used six-dimensional supercomputer simulations to show how turbulence creates magnetic waves that heat the gas in the Sun's atmosphere.
Researchers studied ancient Antarctic ice cores to understand past atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. They found a strong correlation between carbon fertilization and increased biological production, which dampens global warming acceleration during glacial periods.
The Indochina Peninsula plays a significant role in inducing and maintaining the Asian summer monsoon, with both land-sea thermal contrast and orography contributing to its development. The study found that the orographic effect increases South Asian rainfall while reducing it over other regions, whereas the land-sea contrast has oppos...
A new study by Imperial College London reveals that London is releasing more methane than previously thought, primarily due to natural gas infrastructure leaks. The findings suggest that upgrading leaky pipes could significantly reduce emissions. This research highlights the importance of atmospheric measurements in tracking progress t...
A new überreview provides a comprehensive introduction to solar resource assessment and forecasting, helping bridge the gap between atmospheric scientists and solar engineers. The review compiles recent studies on critical parameters like cloud and aerosol, aiming to facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration for carbon neutrality.
Researchers detected 43 trillion miniature plastic particles in Switzerland every year, with estimates suggesting up to 3,000 tonnes of nanoplastics covering the country annually. The study reveals that nanoplastics originate primarily from urban areas and global emissions, posing potential health risks when inhaled.
Researchers used aircraft data and Ka-band radar to analyze microphysical properties of cumulus clouds. High liquid-water-content regions showed little variation in cloud droplet concentration, while strong updrafts increased particle sizes.
Researchers have identified the source of mysterious STEVE light emissions as a narrow region in the magnetosphere, driven by strong waves and particle acceleration. The findings suggest that the ionosphere and magnetosphere may be coupled at lower latitudes, transporting vast quantities of energy and momentum.
The North American Monsoon originates from the interaction of mountain ranges with extratropical atmospheric circulation, deflecting the jet stream and generating a stationary wave. This unique case has implications for models forecasting heavy rainfall events brought by the monsoon.
Research by University of Alaska Fairbanks student Rajan Itani upends previous knowledge about the cross-polar jet, a well-known wind in the upper atmosphere that sometimes stalls or is deflected over Alaska. The finding has significant implications for spacecraft orbits and space debris avoidance.
A new high-resolution climate system model has improved the accuracy of simulating tropical cyclones, capturing more realistic features and reducing biases. The model's performance was evaluated using the CAS FGOALS-f3-H model, which showed excellent results in depicting global TC activities.
Scientists linked a record-breaking Arctic 'ozone hole' to unusually warm North Pacific sea surface temperatures. Weakened planetary wave activity and extreme cold led to severe ozone loss, suggesting present-day ozone-depleting substances still pose a threat.
Researchers have solved the paradox of the mysterious polarization of the sodium D1 line, revealing that magnetic fields in the solar chromosphere are not entirely unmagnetized. The solution uses complex theoretical modeling and resolves a long-standing debate in solar physics.
A new study published in the Journal of Climate found that about 23% of uncertainty in WNPAC projection is attributed to El Nino amplitude change, while 77% comes from non-amplitude change related to El Nino decaying pace. The research highlights the importance of considering other El Nino characteristics in climate system projections.
A recent study reveals increased levels of air pollutants in cities like Kanpur and Delhi in India, while showing decreasing trends in the UK. The researchers used satellite observations to monitor these changes, highlighting the need for continued enforcement of clean air policies.
Research reveals lakes promote latent heat mixing but suppress carbon dioxide exchange compared to other land surfaces. The findings published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences highlight the need for future field experiments to investigate energy and carbon dioxide exchange at different scales.
A new TanSat XCO2 global product has been introduced to support estimation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in cities. The updated dataset shows improved accuracy, reducing the dispersion between retrieval methods to 1.28 ppmv, with a -0.35 ppmv overall bias.
Researchers developed a balloon-based system to study stratospheric radiation over the Tibetan Plateau, providing in situ measurements for the first time. The data helps understand radiation variations and thermal conditions associated with clouds and aerosols during the Asian summer monsoon period.
Researchers will analyze massive atmospheric data using machine learning methods to identify patterns and understand processes, facilitating the development of new models for tackling scientific problems in atmospheric physics.
The Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP) simulates key hydrological variables across China. The model generally reproduces spatiotemporal patterns of runoff and evapotranspiration, capturing major flood and drought events.
A recent study by Duan et al. has shown that human influence on climate change can be traced back to the late 19th century based on summer-winter temperature difference. The amplitude of seasonal temperature fluctuations has been decreasing widely, and this trend can be traced back to the 1860s.
A recent study by Chinese researchers reveals that horizontal heat flux in the mixed layer is crucial for extreme heat events. The analysis of a 2015 heatwave found that this factor, combined with sensible heat flux, drove high temperatures.
Dynamical downscaling methods aim to improve fine-scale climate information by integrating regional climate models with global climate models. Recent research reviewed these methods, highlighting their merits and limitations in constraining model biases through bias correction techniques.
Researchers used NLLE approach to estimate predictability limit of TCs over WNP basin, finding a baseline uncertainty of 102 hours comparable to TC intensity. The spatial distribution characteristics reveal varying predictability limits across regions, with highest in eastern WNP and lowest in South China Sea.
The study reveals that the extratropical circulation is less predictable than the tropical component due to large atmospheric internal variability. The connection between the EAP pattern and surface temperatures in eastern Russia can modulate the East Asian rainband, improving seasonal forecasts.
Researchers warn of significant changes in regional rainfall patterns over densely populated Eastern China due to global warming. The study, published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, reveals that increased CO2 forcing leads to differing responses on interannual and interdecadal timescales.
Researchers have pinpointed the geographic sectors that control the strength and edges of the Hadley circulation, a prominent atmospheric overturning circulation. The study found that mid-latitude eddies play a dominant role in the variability of Hadley circulation strength in certain regions.
A study found a positive feedback mechanism between the East Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet (EAJ) and land surface temperature, particularly in the Russian Far East. The EAJ's deceleration leads to increased warming, which in turn strengthens the EAJ, creating a self-reinforcing cycle.
Scientists found that dominant Eurasian 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies can persist from winter to the following spring. This persistence is linked to a triple sea surface temperature anomaly pattern in the North Atlantic, which triggers an atmospheric wave train over the region.
A new climate model, POEM, has been developed by Russian and German scientists to accelerate research in climate science. The model addresses complex tasks such as ice age periodization and climate forecasting, providing a more efficient alternative to existing models.
Researchers used a container to measure light extinction coefficients, gaseous NO2, and black carbon from ground surface to 260m during daytime and nighttime. The study found temperature inversion and local emissions as major factors affecting vertical profiles of air pollutants.
Research reveals a significant relationship between the Silk Road Pattern and Eurasian climate anomalies, particularly in strong north-jet years. Stronger-than-usual Rossby wave source anomalies contribute to this link, suggesting more attention be given to these years.
Researchers used a probabilistic approach to attribute the extreme event to natural variability and anthropogenic forcing. They found that strong El Niño events significantly increase the risk of extreme rainfall, but also suggest smaller-scale anthropogenic contributions.
A record-breaking cold event in Eastern China in 2016 was found to be less likely due to human influences, with anthropogenic forcings estimated to have reduced the likelihood by about 2/3.
A study reveals multidecadal variations in the relationship between East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The research used a coupled climate model to investigate the decadal changes, finding that ENSO-related circulation anomalies drive precipitation patterns over East Asia.
A new study compares the spatiotemporal characteristics of global drylands using three different drought indices: SWI, PET_Th, and PET_PM. The researchers found that the Surface Wetness Index (SWI) yields broadly similar results to the Thornthwaite method when considering interdecadal variability of global and continental drylands.
Dr. Michael Keidar, a George Washington University professor, received the award for his groundbreaking research on cold plasma application in cancer therapy. His work demonstrated progress in creating cold plasmas and their applications to cancer therapy procedures.
Researchers discovered increasing emissions of short-lived ozone-depleting chemicals in East Asia, threatening the recovery of the ozone layer. The study found dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane in large amounts, which can be carried up into the stratosphere and cause damage.
Surface ozone and anthropogenic aerosol haze pollution in China decrease the regional net primary productivity (NPP) by 9-16% of total NPP, accounting for 16-32% of total anthropogenic carbon emissions. Aerosol direct effects enhance annual NPP by 0.2 Pg C.
A recent study by Dr. YAO Yao and Prof. LUO Dehai found that Arctic warming strengthens Ural blocking, leading to more widespread Eurasian cold events. The study suggests that the large BKS warming since 2000 weakens the meridional temperature gradient, increasing persistence of the UB.
Thermal comfort has increased in China over the past few decades due to rising temperatures and declining wind speed. The study found an average of 255 very cold and cold days per year, but a decline in cold days, with only 11 hot and very hot days per year.
Decadal variations in ENSO's predictability have decreased significantly since 2000, according to a recent study. The researchers suggest that a weakening of ocean-atmosphere coupling in the tropical Pacific is responsible for this decline, leading to more variable and less predictable weather patterns.
An international team of physicists has developed a method using Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) to study particle interactions, potentially revealing new physical phenomena at higher energies than the Large Hadron Collider.
A novel study reveals a method for controlling hot molecule reactions using precise temperature modulation and degree of bending. The researchers found that resonant energy positions decrease as molecular bending increases, affecting interaction likelihood with electrons.
Researchers created a reversible laser tractor beam that can repel and attract particles, moving them up to 20 centimeters with a single laser beam. The technique uses energy heating and polarization control to manipulate particles, offering new possibilities for atmospheric pollution control and tiny particle retrieval.
A recent study led by University of Miami scientist Massimiliano Galeazzi has identified the 'local hot bubble' as the dominant source of the diffuse X-ray background in space. The team measured the soft X-ray emission at low energy, confirming that it comes from a hot bubble of gas within our galaxy.
A team of researchers from Trinity College Dublin captured a drop of pitch on camera for the first time, generating over two million YouTube views. The attention came from their short and quirky story, which also sparked human interest due to a dramatic sequence of events related to an Australian experiment.
Researchers analyzed hundreds of sunset paintings to retrieve information on the composition of past atmospheres. The red-to-green ratios in these paintings correlate well with volcanic aerosols in the atmosphere, providing alternative ways to estimate pollution levels. This study validates previous findings and has implications for im...
Scientists tracked the Chelyabinsk meteor plume using NASA satellite data, observing its formation of a thin stratospheric dust belt. The plume evolved as it moved around the Northern Hemisphere, with different particles experiencing varying wind speeds.
Scientists have transmitted a secure quantum code via satellite, promising secure global communication. The experiment uses quantum states of single light quanta, making data transmission virtually un-hackable.
Yue Deng aims to protect satellites and power systems from solar wind energy bursts. Her research focuses on the Earth's magnetosphere and upper atmosphere interaction.
A new kind of fluctuation analysis reveals three atmospheric regimes: weather, macroweather, and climate. Macroweather has different types of variability than both weather and climate, making climate modeling more precise. This recognition may open up new approaches for predicting the climate.
Researchers developed a new model to understand the impact of urbanization on human health and comfort. By analyzing the urban boundary layer in Phoenix, Arizona, they created a framework to predict periods of high particulate pollution and extreme temperature fluctuations.
Researchers at Ohio State University have provided first experimental proof of a previously theoretical quantum effect, known as quantum monodromy. The phenomenon relates to molecular behavior and vibrational frequencies, with potential implications for astronomy, atmospheric science, and biology.
Physicists at NIST create an optical nose technique that can identify a single atom or molecule in gas samples with minute concentrations. The method uses infrared laser beams and mirrors to detect gases at very low pressures and varying frequencies.
The NASA Explorer MIDEX Program has selected the Auroral Multiscale Midex Mission (AMM) for a feasibility study. The mission aims to study the interaction between Earth's atmosphere and its nearby space environment, with a focus on understanding auroral phenomena.