Articles tagged with Caves
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study by the University of Seville has shed new light on the mysterious Abrigo de Matacabras cave paintings, dating back to the 4th millennium BC. The analysis suggests that this site was a significant cultural reference point for Neolithic populations in the region.
A new study reveals how cleaner shrimp partner with would-be predators by waving their antennae and using color changes to convey a willingness to clean. This exchange is based on truth in advertising, with both parties benefiting from the interaction.
A new study found that most gates installed at abandoned mine entrances do not impede bat usage, with species adapting over time. Factors like elevation, portal area, and bat agility influenced bat behavior around gates.
Researchers analyzed three Late Pleistocene human mandibles found in Borneo's Niah Caves, dating back 28,000-10,000 years. The oldest mandible suggests a diet rich in dried meats and palm plants to adapt to the challenging tropical rainforest environment.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have discovered that southern Africa was significantly wetter and housed a plant community unlike any other in the modern African savanna two million years ago. Human ancestors lived in environments other than open, arid grasslands during this time period.
A 78,000-year-old cave site in coastal Kenya reveals a sequence of human occupation and cultural complexity, with technological innovations starting at 67,000 years ago. The discovery challenges previous hypotheses about human migration out of Africa and provides new insights into the adaptability of early humans.
A 48,000-year-old Kenyan cave has yielded a treasure trove of ancient items, including crayons and shell beads, that offer new insights into the dawn of modern man. The site's continuous record of human habitation dates back 78,000 years, providing valuable evidence of early Homo sapiens behavior.
Researchers found symbolic objects in Hayonim Cave, Israel, characterized by repetitive notches on scapulae and a hyoid of gazelle, suggesting cultural identification of the Levantine Aurignacian culture. The findings provide insights into the origins and spread of this ancient culture.
A team of scientists, including Kansas State University's Saugata Datta, will explore lava caves in Northern California using a robotic vehicle called CaveR. The research aims to understand the conditions necessary for life on Mars by studying similar environments on Earth.
A team of scientists discovered a previously unknown species and genus of frogs in a limestone cave in Thailand. The findings shed new light on the evolutionary history of the relevant group of Amphibia and highlight the importance of conservation efforts for this unique species.
Scientists have discovered the first major evidence that Neanderthals created the world's oldest known cave paintings, dating back over 64,000 years. The findings suggest that Neanderthals had an artistic sense similar to that of modern humans and were capable of symbolic thinking.
Researchers found cave art in Europe dating back at least 20,000 years, suggesting Neanderthals created the artworks. The discovery also included dyed and decorated marine shells dating back to times before modern humans arrived in the region.
Researchers used Uranium-Thorium dating to determine the age of cave art in Spain, finding it was created by Neanderthals over 64,000 years ago, predating modern human arrival in Europe. This discovery suggests that Neanderthals shared symbolic thinking and cognitive abilities with early Homo sapiens.
Researchers propose that cave art may have played a role in the development of human language, citing acoustic properties and visual representations. The study suggests that early humans used sound echoes to convey symbolic thinking, which eventually led to the creation of language.
Researchers at Rothamsted Research used radar data to track the migratory patterns of a large bat colony in Texas, revealing changes in seasonal habits and winter residency. The findings suggest that bats are arriving earlier in the spring due to environmental shifts, with potential implications for pest management and agricultural pro...
A team of researchers has discovered 31 species of plants known only from caves in China, highlighting the importance of cave flora for species conservation. The study also found that plants can photosynthesize at much lower light levels than previously thought.
A 177,000-194,000-year-old fossil found in Israel shifts the estimated departure time of humans from Africa by 40,000-50,000 years. The discovery includes sophisticated stone tools with Levallois technique features, linking technology emergence to Homo sapiens appearance
The discovery of the Misliya fossil suggests that Homo sapiens left Africa at least 50,000 years earlier than previously thought. The fossil, found in Israel, is between 175,000-200,000 years old and provides evidence of modern humans meeting and interacting with other archaic human groups.
A jawbone dating to 177,000-194,000 years ago has revealed that modern humans were present in the Levant at least 50,000 years earlier than previously thought. The discovery suggests an earlier demographic replacement or genetic admixture with local populations.
A Brazilian research team has discovered seven new cave-dwelling spider species in northern Brazil, named after iconic fictional characters from A Song of Ice and Fire, Harry Potter, The Lord of the Rings, and more. These spiders belong to the Neotropical genus Ochyrocera and are classified as edaphic troglophile species.
Christine Cave's new method reveals that it was not uncommon for people to live to old age in traditional societies. The study found that the most common age of death was around 70, similar across cultures.
An international team of researchers discovered a previously unrecognized genus of extinct horses in North America, diverging from the main trunk of the Equus family tree around 4-6 million years ago. The new species, Haringtonhippus francisci, was a widespread and successful species that survived until roughly 17,000 years ago.
Scientists have discovered a cryptic ecosystem in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, where methane and bacteria form the basis of a food web dominated by crustaceans. The study provides a model for coastal groundwater ecology and establishes a baseline for evaluating the impact of stressors on these ecosystems.
A research team led by David Brankovits discovered that cave-adapted organisms can thrive on methane gas and bacteria near it, raising the possibility of similar life forms existing worldwide. The study found a complex food web involving tiny organisms and large shrimp.
Academics uncover extensive and undocumented rock art deep inside Puerto Rico's Mona Island cave systems, featuring human, animal, and meandering designs. The team's multi-method characterization of the materials and practices reveals pre-Columbian artwork with dating and insights into artistic choices.
Researchers from University of South Florida use bat guano to study climate change in east-central Europe since the Medieval Warm Period. Isotopes found in bat guano provide a near annual record of winter precipitation for the region.
Researchers found significant differences in diet between those buried in dolmens and caves, suggesting possible socioeconomic differences. The study used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to analyze bone collagen and found a more diverse diet in cave burials.
Isotopic analysis of human remains reveals differences in diet and socioeconomic status between cave and megalithic graves, suggesting local land use partitioning. The study proposes two explanations for these findings: socioeconomic class divisions or different populations with distinct subsistence economies.
Researchers at University of Akron investigate high microbial communities in BIF caves, theorizing microbes use iron to respire and cause rust-like oxides to become soluble. This process could be responsible for voids forming within the cave walls, eventually leading to new cave formation.
A team of scientists has discovered a new species of cave-adapted animal in Eastern Turkmenistan, specifically in the Kaptarhana cave. The newly described genus and species, Turkmenocampa mirabilis, is a pale and eyeless insect-like creature that represents a unique adaptation to underground environments in Central Asia.
Dr. Matthew Cave is awarded $4 million to investigate the long-term effects of environmental chemicals on liver health. He plans to explore how endocrine-disrupting chemicals like BPA contribute to fatty liver disease, using a flexible research approach.
Researchers used an improved dating technique to date Neanderthal remains from Vindija Cave in Croatia. The dates obtained were significantly older than previously reported, pushing back the timeline of Neanderthal presence in Central Europe. This challenges previous theories about the coexistence of Neanderthals and modern humans.
Researchers date skeleton found in Chan Hol cave near Tulum, Mexico to ~13k BP, suggesting human settlement in the Americas occurred during late Pleistocene. The finding provides one of oldest examples of a human settler in the region.
Researchers shed light on the extinct cave bear's primarily herbivorous diet and small brain relative to its body size. New studies suggest a less energy-rich diet and highly seasonal environment contributed to its unusually small brain, with findings also indicating longer gestation periods and slower sexual maturity.
A team of divers has discovered a wealth of fossil remains in Mexico's Hoyo Negro cave, shedding light on the region's ecosystem during the end of the last Ice Age. The finds include early human remains, giant ground sloths, and saber-tooth cats.
Researchers have discovered evidence of modern human presence in West Sumatra, dating back to 73,000 years ago, suggesting a possible early migration to Australia. The findings, published in Nature, shed new light on the origins of humans in Southeast Asia and challenge the current timeline.
The oilbird's unique combination of sharp vision, smell, tactile sensation, and echolocation abilities inspire researchers to create more advanced drones. By studying the bird's sensory system, scientists hope to develop models that can be used in robotics engineering.
A recent study by the USGS found that the deadly fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans can be transported by bats and people visiting contaminated sites in summer. Guano accounted for 93% of bat-associated detections, while equipment and sediment samples also tested positive for fungal DNA.
Analysis of caves in Israel reveals they formed through dissolution by rising groundwater, originating from highlands and deep faults. The findings have implications for understanding far-field groundwater systems and the possible circulation of fluids, dating back to the Oligocene-early Miocene periods.
An international team has found the world's most pristine record of tsunamis in a sea cave in Indonesia, spanning 5,000 years and revealing highly erratic tsunami recurrence. The discovery provides new insights into seismic activity along the Sunda Megathrust.
A new study of stalagmites from an Iranian cave suggests the Middle East will experience diminishing precipitation and no relief from drought in the next 10,000 years. The research links climate changes to solar insolation across Eurasia, indicating a prolonged dry spell.
A systematic acoustic study is proposed by David Lubman to investigate the potential relationship between the location of Paleolithic cave paintings and points of reverberation in caves. The study aims to determine whether there is a correlation between the placement of paintings and areas with good acoustics.
A paleoclimate study found that California experienced exceptionally wet and stormy weather around 8,200 years ago, coinciding with a global climate anomaly. The researchers used stalagmite records to extract information about the prehistoric California atmosphere during this time.
Researchers discovered that blind Mexican cavefish have asymmetrical cranial bones, which may help them navigate in the dark. The fish swim in a counterclockwise pattern using sensory organs to follow the contours of their cave environment.
The study found that Middle Stone Age humans in the Porc-Epic cave likely acquired and processed the same types of ochre over a 4,500-year period. The analysis revealed a gradual shift from grinding to flaking and scraping techniques, suggesting cultural drift within the practice.
Researchers observed Cuban boas in bat caves and found that coordinating their positions formed a wall across the entrance, making it difficult for bats to pass without getting within striking distance. This cooperative hunting strategy was always successful, with more snakes present leading to faster capture times.
The fossil hominin Homo naledi lived between 335,000 and 236,000 years ago, overlapping with the emergence of modern human behavior in southern Africa. The discovery challenges previous predictions of its age and raises questions about human evolution.
Scientists have discovered DNA from ancient humans in cave sediments lacking skeletal remains. The technique used has identified Neandertal and Denisovan DNA sequences, providing valuable insights into human evolutionary history.
Researchers have extracted ancient ice cores from a Transylvanian cave glacier to reconstruct winter climate conditions during the Holocene period. The findings reveal warmer and wetter winters, with significant shifts in atmospheric dynamics occurring around 7,000 years ago.
A new technique developed by an international team has enabled the extraction of DNA from hominids preserved in sediments, allowing researchers to determine which species occupied a site and its diet. The method analyzed fragments of mitochondrial DNA from 85 samples of Pleistocene sediments from eight Eurasian caves.
Researchers discovered bifacial, serrated points with pressure flaking technique and hafting on projected weapons. The findings suggest early use of projectile technology in southern Africa during the Middle Stone Age.
Researchers from Russia and US collaborate on radiocarbon dating of ancient porcupine fossils, revealing a 40,000-year-old record in the Urals. The study shows thermophilic porcupines disappeared from the region around 27,000 years ago due to climate change.
Researchers have discovered the oldest specimens of insects from the bed bug genus in Oregon, dating back to around 5,100 and 11,000 years ago. The remains were identified as relatives of the common bed bug, but were not the bed bugs found in hotel rooms.
Researchers have discovered Europe's first cave fish, a loach species, in a hard-to-reach underground water system in Southern Germany. The discovery reveals that adaptation to subterranean habitats can occur rapidly, with the loach evolving within just a few thousand years.
Researchers developed a novel method to detect environmental DNA in groundwater, extending the known range of the olm by discovering 12 new sites. This breakthrough allows for better conservation management and protection of this globally threatened species.
Brazilian scientists propose a new approach to classify subterranean organisms, highlighting the importance of studying dynamics over three years and considering habitat outside caves. This improved system is crucial for conservation efforts, as misclassification can impair policy efficiency.
A team of biologists from Germany and Brazil have discovered a new species of land snail, Gastrocopta sharae, named after the Dungeons & Dragons goddess Shar. The snail is tiny, measuring nearly 2 mm in length, and was found in caves in central Brazil.
A new study examines marine pebble tools from an Upper Paleolithic burial site in Italy and finds that flat, oblong pebbles were brought up from the beach, used as spatulas to apply ochre paste, then broken and discarded. The intent may have been to 'kill' the tools, thereby discharging their symbolic power.
Researchers have found that modern East Asian populations share a remarkable genetic similarity to their hunter-gatherer ancestors from the Stone Age. The study provides evidence of 'genetic continuity' in East Asia, suggesting that there was little population turnover for over seven millennia.
Researchers found a unique limestone rock at the Krapina Neanderthal site in Croatia, collected over 100 years ago. The discovery suggests Neanderthals had a curiosity for collecting and assigning symbolic significance to objects.