Articles tagged with Caves
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have discovered traces of whole flowers placed on a Palaeolithic tomb in El Mirón cave, Spain. The finds suggest that the ancient humans may have used flowers for ritual or hygiene purposes.
Large landslides in the Himalaya-Karakoram ranges predominantly occur in the lower portions of the landscape, whereas glaciers and rock glaciers occupy the higher elevations almost exclusively. The study also introduces a new method called excess topography (ZE) to identify potentially unstable rock-mass volumes.
Researchers have dated the Little Foot skeleton to 3.67 million years old, while Oldowan artefacts are approximately 2 million years old. This new evidence sheds light on the age of key hominid and palaeontological discoveries at Sterkfontein Caves.
Scientists have identified two new species of Thorn Snails, a genus containing 20 cave-dwelling species, with evolutionary roots dating back to the Cenozoic Era. The discovery sheds new light on these enigmatic snails, which are barely visible to the naked eye.
A five-year excavation program in Diros Bay, Greece, has uncovered an ancient town and burial complex dating back to the Neolithic and Bronze Age. The site revealed multiple burials, including Mycenaean-period burials with Late Bronze Age artifacts.
A 55,000-year-old human skull found in Israel provides key evidence that humans and Neanderthals coexisted in the region. The combined dating methods confirm the age of the skull, which is now believed to be from around 55,000 years ago.
A team of scientists has discovered a 55,000-year-old human skull at Manot Cave in Israel with distinctive modern human brain features. The findings support the hypothesis that early humans evolved in Africa or the Middle East rather than Europe.
Researchers studied sediment rocks in Italian Dolomites and found high acidity levels, similar to vinegar or lemon juice, indicating repeated acid rain events. These acidic conditions led to a decline in plant life, causing a collapse in the food chain and contributing to the mass extinction of end-Permian life on land.
A 55,000-year-old partial skull discovered in Israel provides new insights into the migration of modern humans out of Africa. The fossil, found at Manot Cave, suggests that the Manot people may be closely related to the first modern humans that colonized Europe.
A new species of obligate cave-dwelling flatworm was recently discovered in the Brazilian savanna, providing insight into the rich biodiversity of Brazilian caves. The species, Girardia multidiverticulata, has a unique reproductive apparatus that distinguishes it from other related species.
Researchers have discovered two new species of Palythoa anemones living in cracks and caves of coral reefs, lacking zooxanthellae. The species exhibit unique morphological features adapted to their dark habitats, providing insights into parallel evolution.
A 55,000-year-old skull discovered in Israel's West Galilee provides evidence of modern humans and Neanderthals co-inhabiting the area. The skull, containing a relatively small brain, shares features with modern man's skull, suggesting possible interbreeding between the two species.
A fossil skull discovered in Israel's Manot Cave provides strong evidence of the first modern human migration to Europe, dating back 55,000 years. The analysis reveals a close genetic relationship between ancient Europeans and modern humans from Africa, challenging previous theories about the origins of European modern humans.
Large-scale underground storage of low-pressure gaseous hydrogen offers several advantages over above-ground storage, including cost savings and increased volume capacity. Geologic storage solutions can service key hydrogen markets by storing large quantities of hydrogen fuel for transportation and grid-scale energy applications.
Scientists found 12 caves with trechine beetles, 7 new species, and 103 samples collected, highlighting the Du'an Karst as a biological hotspot for cavernicolous Trechinae in China.
A team of speleobiologists has described four new species of dragon millipedes from southern China, highlighting their distinctive spiky bodies. The discovery sheds light on the genetic diversity of these bizarre creatures, with China holding the highest recorded number of species in the genus Desmoxytes.
Researchers propose that ancient cave paintings were inspired by the misinterpretation of sound waves as 'supernatural' echoes. The theory suggests that early humans may have made artwork in response to these echoes, which could have led to the depiction of mythical creatures on cave walls.
Researchers studying blind cave fish are uncovering insights into degenerative eye disease and sleep disturbance. The species' genome sequence reveals similarities with the human genome, suggesting potential avenues for understanding human diseases.
Brazilian researchers have discovered a new genus and species of freshwater flatworm that is exclusively found in caves, shedding light on the region's unique biodiversity. The species, Hausera hauseri, is believed to be an oceanic relict, originating from marine environments.
Researchers found microbes actively contribute to dripstone formation, with layers mirroring seasonal changes. The discovery sheds light on the role of biological life in shaping Earth's geology and has implications for understanding microbial life beyond Earth.
Scientists have identified over 200 lunar pits, some of which may lead to caves that future astronauts can use for shelter. The pits, found using NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, range in size from 5 meters to over 900 meters and are believed to form when the roof of a void or cave collapses.
Researchers Ana Sofía Reboleira and Vicente M. Ortuño discover a new species of cave beetle, Duvalius abyssimus, in the Krubera cave. The beetle is moderately adapted to life underground, retaining eyes despite its subterranean habitat.
Researchers found opposing climate change patterns in middle latitude areas of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Stalagmites and flowstones showed growth during interglacial eras when it was warm and moist, contrasting with stagnation during glacial eras.
International team discovers seven new species of giant pill-millipedes with largest chirping organs, found in rainforests and isolated forest fragments. Conservation efforts needed to protect these microendemic species due to impending mining projects.
A new species of cavefish, Amblyopsis hoosieri, has been discovered in southern Indiana and is the first new species described from the US in 40 years. It lacks eyes and vision but maintains a functional rhodopsin gene to navigate dark waters.
A nearly complete Paleoamerican skeleton with Native American DNA has been discovered in Mexico, dating back to the end of the ice age. The skeleton, named Naia, shows unique morphological attributes and mitochondrial DNA haplotype consistent with Beringian origins.
A team of researchers has discovered the oldest human skeleton in North America, dating back 13,000-12,000 years. The skeleton, named Naia, was found in an underwater cave in Mexico and shows a shared genetic code with modern Native Americans.
The discovery of Naia, a 12,000- to 13,000-year-old teenage girl's skeleton, provides conclusive evidence of a genetic connection between ancient Paleoamericans and modern Native Americans. The remains were found in an underwater cave in Mexico and contain an intact cranium, teeth, and DNA from an Asian-derived lineage.
A nearly complete human skeleton found in a cave in Mexico has provided new insights into the ancestry of early Americans. The discovery, which dates back at least 12,000 years, shows that modern Native Americans are genetically related to an ancient population that migrated from Beringia.
The University of New Mexico's Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences has determined the age of Naia, a well-preserved human skeleton found in the Yucatan Peninsula. The analysis reveals that Naia was a Paleoamerican with Native American DNA, linking ancestral Americans to modern Native Americans.
Researchers discovered that female cave insects, Neotrogla, have evolved elaborate penis-like organs, reversing traditional sex roles during copulation. This unique adaptation may be linked to the resource-poor environment and advantageous mating strategies.
South African and French scientists have dated the nearly complete skeleton of Little Foot to around 3 million years old, refuting previous claims of a younger age. The study analyzed stratigraphy, micro-stratigraphy, and geochemistry to determine the age of the fossil.
Scientists discover five new species of armored spiders living in caves in the South China Karst, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This finds brings the total number of known spider species in China to 4300, with over 2000 caves investigated.
Researchers at the University of Akron identify fungi closely related to WNS, predicting future of North American bats; a single bat can eat thousands of insects, critical to controlling agricultural pests. The fungus can survive in caves without bats, making reintroduction attempts doomed to failure.
A 300,000-year-old hearth discovered in the Qesem Cave provides conclusive evidence of repeated fire building over time, hinting at advanced social structure and intellectual capacity. The find suggests that early humans had a sophisticated understanding of space organization and social order.
Researchers discovered 45 trepanation procedures on human remains in Peru's Andahuaylas caves dating back to AD 1000-1250. The ancient practice was used to treat various ailments and conditions, with varying techniques employed by practitioners.
Researchers found that environmental change activates the heat shock protein HSP90, silencing genetic variation and allowing for rapid adaptation in cavefish. This discovery validates the role of HSP90 in driving evolutionary change in vertebrates, enabling the emergence of novel traits.
Researchers found that environmental shock can unmask cryptic genetic variations in animals, leading to adaptive advantages. The study on blind cavefish suggests an alternative mechanism of evolution distinct from natural selection and spontaneous mutations.
Researchers suggest formation of lesser mountain ranges Hangay and Altai may have driven climate in Central Asia, leading to expansion of Gobi Desert. The new data indicate that rainfall decreased by 50-90 percent over tens of millions of years, contradicting the traditional explanation.
A CU-Boulder-led team has discovered that ring-tailed lemurs in Madagascar consistently sleep in limestone chambers for their nightly rest. The behavior provides safety from predators, access to water and nutrients, and refuge from human activities.
Researchers found that Neanderthals divided their shelters into different areas for various activities, including a hunting stand, base camp, and residential area. This discovery highlights the sophistication of Neanderthal spatial organization, challenging previous assumptions about their behavior and cognitive abilities.
Researchers at the University of Arizona have discovered a surprisingly diverse ecosystem of microbes living in the perpetual darkness of Kartchner Caverns, a limestone cave system. The microbes thrive on limited nutrients, including nitrogen-containing compounds, and can even harness energy from minerals dissolved in rock fissures.
Researchers found that the fungus can survive on various carbon sources and grow in a wide pH range, making it hard to stop its spread. It can also tolerate sulfur compounds and calcium, but struggles to absorb water from dry surfaces.
Archaeologist Dean Snow found that two-thirds of ancient handprints were female, contradicting the long-held assumption that men created these artworks. The analysis used finger ratios and size measurements to differentiate between males and females.
A new species of translucent snail was found at a depth of 980m in the Lukina Jama–Trojama cave system in Croatia. The species, Zospeum tholussum, is a miniature and fragile snail with a beautifully shaped dome-like shell.
Archaeologists at the University of Bonn have discovered a 1,400-year-old mass grave containing 24 skeletons from the Maya civilization. The remains show signs of violent death and dismemberment, including decapitation and hatchet marks.
A study by University of Pennsylvania geologist Jane Willenbring and colleagues found that the local glacial maximum in southern Europe occurred earlier than expected, around 26,000 years ago. This discovery provides new insights into how regional climates have varied over time and could lead to more accurate global climate models.
A new high-tech analysis by University of Colorado Boulder researchers dated the oldest known petroglyphs in North America to at least 10,500 years ago. The Winnemucca Lake petroglyph site, located in western Nevada, features complex designs and vertical chain-like symbols carved into limestone boulders.
The discovery of flower beds in graves at Raqefet Cave reveals Natufian burial rituals dating back to 13,700 years ago. Researchers found impressions of Salvia plants and other species, indicating the use of colorful flowers in springtime burials.
Research by Jan Simek and team finds strategic placement of rock art to reveal a cosmological puzzle mapping the prehistoric people's universe. The 'upper world' features celestial bodies, while 'middle world' represents nature, and 'lower world' is associated with darkness and death.
A new 100,000-year climate record from Borneo provides insights into the tropical Pacific's sensitivity to abrupt climate change events. The study found that climate feedbacks in tropical regions may amplify and prolong these events, which were previously discovered in the North Atlantic.
Two new, minute spider species (Trogloneta yuensis and Mysmena wawuensis) have been discovered in the Sichuan and Chongqing regions of China. These tiny spiders are among the smallest known and have unique body shapes, with some as small as 0.75 mm in length.
Two new species of cave-dwelling short-tailed whipscorpions have been discovered in northeastern Brazil's limestone caves. The reddish-brown species were found to inhabit cool, humid environments, and are likely preyed upon by bats and other small insects.
A study proposes that a group of carnivores died intentionally in an ancient Spanish cave due to a lack of exit points. The researchers suggest that the scarcity of herbivore remains indicates the cavity was clearly visible and avoided by these animals.
Scientists track Egyptian fruit bat flights using miniature wireless devices and find that place cells respond to spherical volumes of space, suggesting uniform perception of all three dimensions. The study provides new insights into navigation, spatial memory, and spatial perception.
A new dating method has accurately determined the age of Neanderthal remains found in the El Sidrón cave in Asturias, Spain. The results, published in Archaeometry, confirm that the remains are between 45,200 and 51,600 years old.
A new DNA-based technique allows early identification of Geomyces destructans, a fungus causing White Nose Syndrome (WNS), in bats, soils, and cave walls. The test is 100-times more sensitive than previous ones, detecting single spores of the fungus.
Evidence from Siberian caves suggests a 1.5°C temperature rise could cause substantial permafrost thawing, releasing massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and damaging ecosystems and human infrastructure.
A 397,000-year-old fossil found in Serbia reveals that southeastern European human ancestors evolved differently than those in western Europe due to the absence of glaciers. The study confirms southeast Europe as a critical 'gate to the continent' where humans, plants, and animals sought refuge during glaciations.
Researchers found a unique social structure in a small town where males and females coexist in the same roosts. This arrangement allows females to conserve energy and ensures faster growth of their young. In contrast, lowland areas have female-only childrearing colonies.