Articles tagged with Geophysics
New research detects rapid true polar wander (TPW) in ancient sea-level changes, challenging previous views of its significance. The study reveals four intervals with significant TPW signals, including the mid-Cretaceous and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous periods.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have discovered a buried volcanic complex on the far side of the Moon, which provides evidence of a previous magnetic field. The study suggests that the Moon had an internally generated magnetic field 4.2 billion years ago, with the Dewar region being a key location for this phenomenon.
A new study reveals that North Korea's underground nuclear tests at Mt. Mantap have triggered persistent and organized seismic activity via fault reactivation. The explosions have the potential to reactivate seismically quiet faults and produce earthquakes that may be difficult to distinguish from naturally occurring tectonic activity.
An international research team has solved a 178-year-old mystery surrounding a train delay in Exeter, England, caused by a massive solar flare and coronal mass ejection in 1859. The team found that the incident most likely took place on October 18, 1848, rather than 1841, providing new insights into the earliest examples of space weath...
Researchers at Lancaster University have re-examined the 178-year-old mystery of a train delay in Exeter, dating back to 1841, and found it actually occurred in 1848 due to geomagnetic disturbance from the sun. The study shows that space weather has been disrupting technology for almost as long as electrical technologies have existed.
A study proposes a multi-model combined observation method for non-cooperative spacecraft using sequential coalition game theory. The method generates an optimal observation strategy sequence under minimum fuel constraints, improving space security assessment capabilities.
A new study found that cosmic radiation levels at commercial flight altitudes rise as solar activity falls, with levels potentially increasing by 40-60% during solar minimum conditions. The researchers also found a clear vertical pattern in radiation levels, with a peak around 17-20 km above Earth.
A new study reveals that catastrophic fractures begin with tiny two-dimensional patches that creep slowly before rapidly breaking. The study challenges classical fracture theory, which suggests that cracks must reach a critical size before failing.
Scientists have developed a method to identify where Earth's biggest earthquakes are most likely to occur, focusing on subduction zones. The approach uses GPS measurements to detect locked regions along faults, which store energy until a major earthquake triggers. While the method cannot predict tsunami size or timing, it can narrow do...
The Europlanet Science Congress 2026 will cover various topics in planetary research, including the Solar System, exoplanets, and artificial intelligence. The conference will feature over 125 scientific sessions and keynote talks, with around 1200 planetary scientists attending from 40 countries.
Researchers found that 92% of magnitude-3-or-greater injection-induced earthquakes were preceded by detectable foreshocks. Foreshock productivity and patterns reflect the interplay between fluid injection, seismogenic index, and fault stress state.
Researchers have created a 3D map of a hidden 'rock glacier' in the Wasatch Mountains, one of over 800 in Utah, and found it contains enough frozen water to fill 600 Olympic swimming pools. The study uses a novel technique to image the 3D ice body within a large rock glacier, revealing the scale of ice storage in Utah's mountains.
Scientists at Penn State have developed a new method for seismic imaging using thunderstorms, which can be used to study the Earth's subsurface structure and image the subsurface without traditional seismic sources. This method allows for easier imaging in less accessible locations, such as the Arctic or urban areas.
Petroleum science is at a historic turning point, facing 100 grand challenges that span six domains. The challenges include low-carbon transition, AI-driven solutions, and interdisciplinary collaboration to address issues like CCUS, geothermal energy, and hydrogen energy.
Researchers use fiber-optic cables to detect hidden crevasses within glaciers, improving stability monitoring. This method reveals over 8% of ice volume was hidden, impacting glacier stability and sea levels.
Scientists propose a colossal cliff across ancient North America may have exposed Grand Canyon's oldest rocks nearly a billion years before it was carved by the Colorado River. The study suggests the 'great escarpment' of steep rocky cliffs formed when the supercontinent Rodinia broke apart 800 million years ago.
Researchers used earthquake-monitoring equipment to study hurricanes, revealing key details about storm evolution and intensification. Seismometers detected ground movements, while infrasound microphones monitored atmospheric pressure, providing valuable information on hurricane conditions.
Researchers developed a method to detect water ice on the moon using seismic waves, which can travel faster through frozen soil. This discovery is critical for NASA's Artemis program, which aims to send crewed landings to the moon's south polar region in 2028.
The Genesis Mission aims to accelerate breakthroughs in energy, scientific discovery and national security through AI-powered research. Texas A&M University has joined the initiative, contributing to a unified discovery platform connecting government, industry, academia and philanthropy.
Researchers suggest that extreme space weather may have far worse effects on Earth's technology than previously thought. The study, published in Nature, found a direct relationship between solar wind strength and electric currents in the upper atmosphere, indicating no upper limit to Earth's response.
Researchers from Kyoto University and ETH Zurich analyzed large earthquake sequences in Japan, finding that b-values are controlled more by mainshock location than time-dependent changes. The study suggests local geological conditions play a key role in shaping earthquake size distributions.
Researchers uncovered previously undetected slow slip events in Parkfield, California, and found that these silent fault movements systematically follow increased low-frequency earthquake activity. The discovery suggests that slow slip may play an important role in how stress evolves along active faults.
A magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck Myanmar, causing widespread damage and leaving communities to face years of recovery. Researchers mapped the fault behavior behind the event, finding a 500km surface rupture along the Sagaing Fault.
A study by Professor Masaki Yoshida suggests that there is a physically meaningful upper limit to viscosity beyond which materials effectively become rigid. The research found that the maximum viscosity inferred from stable lithospheric regions is around 10^30 Pa s, making it roughly 10^33 times greater than water's viscosity.
A new study suggests that slow uplift of the continent played a critical role in forming Antarctica's vast East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The research, published in Science, proposes that geological and climatic events that began over 120 million years ago led to rapid ice-sheet expansion.
Researchers found that deformation across the region is dominated by crustal compression, with intense strain concentrated near Siberut Island and the Sumatran Fault Zone. The study provides critical information for updating seismic hazard assessments and long-term disaster planning.
A study by geoscientists at the University of Sydney reveals why some ancient continental edges became fertile sites for major mineral deposits, while others did not. The research developed a dynamic model of the Earth going back 1.8 billion years to identify how mineralised ores formed in specific places.
New study by University of Southampton confirms the universe's expansion is still accelerating as previously found, debunking 2025 claims that the cosmos was slowing. The team re-evaluated data using Type Ia supernovae to calculate vast cosmic distances and found no error in their methods.
A study proposes a new mechanism, the 'delayed seismic champagne effect,' where earthquakes can trigger fires by releasing methane from soft sediment layers beneath cities. The research found intense shaking that drove methane into a supersaturated state, leading to localized ruptures and rapid gas releases.
Researchers at the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, analyzed new dataset to identify temporal variations in locking state of the Nankai Trough. Variability was found particularly in shallowest parts of plate boundary, influencing earthquake strength and size.
A new international study confirms that erosion plays a key role in forming and accumulating natural hydrogen in mountain ranges. The Pyrenees and Alps are identified as key targets for natural hydrogen exploration, with the right conditions allowing for efficient serpentinization and hydrogen production.
Scientists found that meltwater destabilized methane hydrates beneath northwest Greenland, releasing large stores of methane. This process may have contributed to past climate events and could influence future climate change as polar ice sheets continue to retreat.
A Harvard study resolves a longstanding climate puzzle by proposing that the Sturtian glaciation could have lasted 56 million years due to oscillating 'snowball' and 'hothouse' conditions. The researchers suggest intense weathering of volcanoes triggered global glaciations, which warmed and retreated over repeated cycles.
A team of researchers proposes that Dante Alighieri's Inferno was a gedankenexperiment in impact physics, modelling a planetary impact 500 years before modern meteoritics. The study suggests that Satan's fall from grace was inspired by the physical effects of a high-velocity impactor hitting the Earth's surface.
Researchers identified a massive landslide triggering a megatsunami in the Tracy Arm Fjord, Alaska, which posed distinct hazards due to confined environment. The study highlights potential new tools for identifying and monitoring landslide-generated tsunamis, including precursory warning signals.
Researchers developed an online tool to reconstruct ancient Earth locations, enabling a more detailed understanding of biodiversity and climate evolution. The tool allows for the study of complex mountain ranges and vanished tectonic plates, providing new insights into mass extinctions and species migration.
The study found that the Turkana Rift has been significantly thinned, with the crust about 13 kilometers thick, compared to over 35 kilometers farther from the rift. This thinning is a sign of a process called 'necking' where the crust stretches and becomes weaker, promoting continued rifting.
Researchers found that a spherical-shell dynamo can exist in two stable equilibrium states, with tiny initial fluctuations determining the polarity. The study suggests that breaking this stable state is necessary to trigger magnetic reversals, possibly through mechanisms outside magnetohydrodynamic theory.
Researchers at Kyoto University discovered a previously unrecognized feature in near-fault seismic records of large earthquakes: a distinct stopping phase. This phase represents a systematic signal associated with the termination of rupture, demonstrating that many near-field recordings contain this coherent stopping phase.
Quaise Energy is building the world's first power plant using superhot geothermal energy, with the goal of producing at least 50 megawatts of clean electricity. The project aims to harness temperatures greater than 300 degrees C and validate its long-held hypothesis that higher subsurface temperatures can improve power production.
Scientists at MIT have developed a new wave model called PlanetWaves that predicts how waves will behave on planetary bodies with different liquids, atmospheres, and gravity. The model reveals that gentle winds can create massive waves on Titan, while hurricane-force winds barely move the surface of lakes on exoplanet 55-Cancri e.
An international team maps the climate of rocky exoplanets like TRAPPIST-1b and c for the first time, ruling out dense atmospheres due to extreme temperatures. The study uses James Webb Space Telescope observations to determine surface temperatures on both day and night sides.
Researchers discover quasi-one-dimensional superionic state of carbon hydride under extreme pressures and temperatures found deep inside ice giant planets. This finding has implications for heat and electricity movement through planetary interiors and could influence magnetic-field generation.
Researchers from Sun Yat-sen University and TianQin Research Center propose a novel method for detecting Earth's free oscillations using the TianQin space-borne gravitational wave detector. Through numerical simulation and Bayesian parameter estimation, they demonstrate clear detection of seismic events with high signal-to-noise ratios...
Researchers have confirmed that giant planets like Saturn operate under a unique magnetospheric regime, with a shifted cusp location due to its rapid rotation. This discovery alters models of magnetic reconnection and high-energy particle acceleration, revealing new insights into Saturn's auroral activity.
A new study suggests Saturn's magnetic field is asymmetrical, with cusps located most often between 13:00 and 15:00. The researchers believe rapid spin and heavy plasma from Enceladus drag the field lines to the right.
Researchers analyzed satellite data from the NASA/CNES Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite to study the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake and resulting Pacific-spanning tsunami. The findings reveal that the tsunami was generated within 10 kilometers of the subduction-zone trench, providing new insights into tsunamigenesis.
Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing technology, scientists deployed fibre-optic cables across the lunar surface to detect seismic waves generated by moonquakes, meteorites, and landings. The cables can record signals at a higher spatial resolution than traditional seismic networks.
Researchers found that tilling and compaction disrupt intricate capillary networks within the soil, causing it to pool rainwater and form a muddy crust. The study provides a clear explanation for why tillage changes the structure of soil in ways that affect water retention.
Researchers used airborne electromagnetic surveys to characterize a deep freshwater reservoir beneath Farmington Bay and Antelope Island. The study revealed that freshwater saturates the sediments beneath the lake's hypersaline surface to depths of 3-4 kilometers, extending towards the interior of the lake.
Asteroids in binary systems actively exchange rocks and dust through gentle, slow-motion collisions, reshaping them over millions of years. The DART mission's findings confirm the YORP effect, where sunlight makes small asteroids spin faster, causing material to fly off their surfaces.
A recent study has precisely dated the end of a geomagnetic field reversal, revealing asynchronous land–ocean responses to ancient ocean anoxia. The findings provide new insights into Early Cretaceous geodynamics and the evolution of marine and terrestrial carbon cycles.
Researchers found the Cascadia Subduction Zone to be more active than previously thought, with signs of shallow earthquakes and fluid flow detected offshore. The study suggests variable fluid pathways could alter the behavior of large earthquakes on the fault, potentially influencing the severity of future events.
Leading climate scientists, including Prof Benjamin Santer, reiterate the role of humans in global warming and warn against using an inaccurate government report to inform legal decisions. The report's claims are factually incorrect, contradicting decades of research on human-caused temperature changes.
Researchers used continuous and integrated readings of methane and ethane to identify overlooked emissions from restaurants, commercial facilities, and private residences. The study highlights the need for technology and policy to fix these hidden sources, which are estimated to be higher on weekdays.
A team of researchers applied adaptive-bandwidth kernel density estimation to analyze the latest reversal timing dataset, revealing four distinct dips in the new reversal frequency model following the Cretaceous Normal Superchron. This suggests that short-time-interval geomagnetic reversals may be missing from the compiled record.
Researchers at the University of Bergen have discovered that thermal convection, a slow churning movement inside the ice driven by vertical differences in temperature, is responsible for the giant plumes. This finding could help reduce uncertainties in models of future ice sheet mass balance and sea-level rise.
Researchers at Norway's NTNU are using advanced geophysical methods to improve the accuracy of carbon capture and storage site monitoring. A new laboratory equipped with a mock-up of an undersea storage site allows for real-time testing and validation of monitoring techniques. This breakthrough could reduce costs and improve the effici...
Researchers developed a new method to measure ecosystem resilience and predict glacier surges, enabling early warnings for natural hazards. The study applies the approach to the Amazon rainforest and mountain glaciers in Alaska and Asia.
Deformation mechanisms of serpentinite, a key research target for understanding plate boundaries, have been investigated. Grain boundary sliding dominates deformation, producing 'B-type' CPO patterns, which contribute to seismic activity and earthquakes.