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To craft early tools, ancient human relatives transported stones over long distances 600,000 years earlier than previously thought

Researchers analyzed stone tools from Kenya's Homa Peninsula and found they were crafted from stronger, volcanic rocks brought from several miles away. This discovery pushes back the earliest known evidence of ancient humans transporting resources over long distances by 600,000 years.

SourceSmithsonian·JournalScience Advances·TypeObservational study·DateAug 15, 2025

The cacao tree species (Theobroma cacao L.), from which we get chocolate, is likely about 7.5 million years old, with chloroplast genomes indicating that the current known diversity diversified during the Pliocene or Miocene epochs

Researchers analyzed chloroplast genomes of cacao trees from northern Peru to determine the species' age and diversity. The study found that the current known diversity diversified during the Pliocene or Miocene epochs, approximately 7.5 million years ago.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS One·DateMar 5, 2025