Articles tagged with Seawater
Researchers discover water bound in rock deep in the Earth's mantle, potentially representing the planet's largest water reservoir. This finding may aid scientists in understanding how the Earth formed and what its current composition is.
Researchers found that Japanese sea catfish use sensory nerve fibers to detect slight changes in water pH caused by respiration of small sea worms, allowing them to locate live prey. This discovery highlights the potential effects of ocean acidification on marine vertebrates.
A new study reveals that phytoplankton in the Sargasso Sea store more polyphosphate when phosphorus is scarce than expected. The researchers found that polyphosphate is recycled from sinking particles in low-phosphorus environments, making it available for phytoplankton use.
Scientists found that expanded sea ice in the Southern Ocean led to a massive drop in atmospheric CO2 levels during the Last Glacial Maximum. The study suggests a dynamic link between sea-ice expansion and ocean water insulation, providing new insights into past climate changes.
Globally, phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass are projected to decrease by 6% and 11%, respectively, due to rising sea temperatures. This reduction in primary and secondary production will have a negative impact on fish biomass, particularly pelagic species.
Over 60 years of citizen science observations detected trends in Midwestern lake water clarity. Lakes further north showed an overall trend toward increasing water clarity, whereas those in the south experienced a decline. These geographical patterns suggest latitude may play a role in water clarity trends.
Scientists at GEOMAR used a complex 3D computer model to simulate the paths of seawater toward hydrothermal vents, finding that water seeps in near vents or travels long distances underground before venting. This study provides new insights into ocean floor processes and resource potential.
Researchers have discovered new relationships between deep-sea temperature and ice-volume changes to provide insight into the climatic relationships that caused major ice-age cycles. The study found that cooling events and continental ice-volume cycles occurred at different times, contradicting previous theories.
A submarine canyon offshore from the strait that separates the U.S. and Canada supplies most of the water coming into Puget Sound, the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Canada's Georgia Strait. This intense flow and mixing contribute to the region's high productivity and mysterious ocean conditions.
Researchers found that both denitrification and anammox are at work in the oceans, with a 70-30 ratio of nitrogen removal. The study settles a decades-long debate over how nitrogen is removed from the ocean and has real-world applications for understanding global climate and productivity.
Scientists have confirmed that Enceladus has a large subsurface ocean near its south pole using gravity measurements collected by Cassini. The data suggest that the ocean is about 50 kilometers below the surface, and its density could compensate for the absence of material at the surface.
New gravity data reveals an ocean of liquid water beneath 30-40 km of ice at Enceladus' surface, potentially creating conditions for complex chemical reactions. The sub-surface ocean may extend towards the equator in every direction, similar to Europa's ocean.
A recent study by Simon Fraser University geographer Lance Lesack discovered that warmer springs with unexpected snowfall declines are driving earlier-than-expected ice breakup in great Arctic rivers. This finding is significant as it challenges previous assumptions about the effects of climate change on Arctic ice systems.
Researchers from Aarhus University and Lund University found that nutrients from land are the main cause of widespread oxygen depletion in the Baltic Sea. The areas affected have increased drastically over the past century, harming marine life and ecosystem balance.
Researchers found that climate change is shrinking Antarctic Bottom Waters, a massive current that 'hides' heat and carbon from the atmosphere. This reduction in convection could lead to increased heat trapping in the deeper ocean, contributing to global warming.
Tropical System 94W is developing in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, affecting the southern Philippines. The Philippine authorities have issued warnings due to signal No. 1 conditions, with sustained winds of 18.6-37.2 mph expected in at least 36 hours.
The Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Deepwater Horizon oil spill model accurately predicted shoreline oil impact, utilizing Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). By combining satellite images with ocean circulation models, NRL developed BioCast to forecast water clarity and contaminant distribution.
A computer model predicts significant changes in the Ross Sea ecosystem, including disruptions in food webs and predator-prey relationships. Rising temperatures and changing wind patterns are expected to affect biological productivity and species distributions.
New research suggests that the first animals oxygenated the deep oceans, creating conditions for more complex life to evolve. This finding challenges the long-held belief that a rise in atmospheric oxygen triggered the development of complex life forms.
A team of scientists tracked 17 loggerhead turtles for 27 to 220 days, providing the first look at their early behavior and movements in the wild. The study's findings challenge previously held beliefs, suggesting that young turtles may drop out of currents into the middle of the Atlantic or the Sargasso Sea.
A study by McGill University researchers shows that climate change has led to a decrease in ocean salinity, creating a freshwater lid that prevents mixing with warm waters underneath. This has resulted in the suppression of naturally rare events like the Antarctic polynya and contributed to the shrinking of Antarctic Bottom Water.
University of Washington researchers used new tools to measure and track B-12 vitamins in the ocean, finding that marine archaea can supply this essential vitamin. The results show that B-12 is present in small amounts in all water samples, with low concentrations indicating potential deficiency among tiny marine algae.
NASA's Terra satellite captured visible images of Tropical Cyclone Guito as it exited the Mozambique Channel and moved into the open waters of the Southern Indian Ocean. The storm had maximum sustained winds near 60 knots/69.0 mph/111.1 kph, located just south of the channel.
The TRMM satellite revealed that Tropical Cyclone Guito produced heavy rainfall at a rate of over 50mm per hour in the Mozambique Channel. The satellite data contradicts earlier forecasts predicting landfall, highlighting the importance of accurate weather modeling and monitoring.
A new study suggests that Atlantic deep water formation may be much more fragile than previously realised, with sudden and large reductions in the influence of these North Atlantic waters in the deep ocean. This could have widespread impacts on regional sea level, droughts, and ocean acidification under future climate change scenarios.
Researchers at Oregon State University confirmed a correlation between ocean salmon's migration patterns and the Earth's magnetic field, revealing an innate navigation system. The study found that juvenile salmon can detect and respond to magnetic fields, using them to determine their location and direction.
The Greenland Ice Sheet is experiencing rapid ice loss, driven by ocean warming and increased surface melting. This phenomenon can lead to fresh water input into the North Atlantic Ocean, potentially disrupting global climate circulation patterns.
Deep-sea fault zones in subduction zones can transport large amounts of water from the Earth's oceans to the upper mantle. Researchers estimate that these zones could carry up to three and a half times the total amount of ocean water to the mantle.
Marine scientists in Palau found corals living in acidic waters to be diverse and healthy, contradicting previous observations. The unique environment in Palau's Rock Islands is believed to provide a 'perfect storm' of conditions that allow corals to thrive.
Researchers from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln discovered a new species of small sea anemones, Edwardsiella andrillae, burrowed into Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf. The anemones have adapted to live upside down in ice, creating a previously unknown ecosystem.
Researchers with the ANDRILL Program discovered thousands of small sea anemones burrowed into the underside of the Ross Ice Shelf, a first for a species to live in ice. The newly identified species, Edwardsiella andrillae, can be found hanging from the ice surface, with no clear mechanism for survival or reproduction.
Researchers used DNA from water samples to identify and determine the relative abundance of 13,000 fish species in the tank. The technique has potential for cost-effective and time-saving methods for monitoring aquatic habitats and detecting invasive species.
Researchers discovered that coral reefs in Palau's Rock Islands are surprisingly diverse and healthy despite being exposed to acidic water. The unique conditions in Palau, including a residence time of seawater that allows for continuous calcification and respiration, contribute to the corals' resilience.
Researchers found high levels of Hafnium 176 and low levels of Neodymium 143 in ancient seawater, indicating the presence of exposed landmasses. This discovery provides insights into weathering processes during the Neoarchean period.
Researchers challenge conventional wisdom that super-Earths are waterworlds, proposing they can have exposed continents and an Earth-like climate. The model suggests most tectonically active super-Earths store water in the mantle, enabling a stable climate.
Giant underwater waves, invisible to the eye, are produced by temperature and salinity differences in ocean water. These internal waves, resembling surface waves in shape, play a key role in mixing ocean waters, driving warm surface waters downward and drawing heat from the atmosphere.
Researchers found that penguin colonies moved from sea ice to thicker floating ice shelves due to changing environmental conditions. This surprising adaptation may help the species survive, but more research is needed to understand its extent and implications for other penguin populations.
A new study suggests that El Nino events are tied to the rapid melting of Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier. The glacier's ice shelf has been thinned nearly continuously since observations began in the 1970s. Under certain conditions, a thick layer of warm water surrounding the continent can flood the glacier margin and accelerate melt.
Tropical Cyclone Bruce is experiencing strong effects of wind shear and cooling ocean waters, leading to its rapid weakening. The NASA Aqua satellite captured images of the storm on December 24, showing a low-level center exposed to outside winds and rapidly decaying.
Researchers mapped a large aquifer in southeast Greenland using Operation IceBridge radar data, covering an area larger than West Virginia, with the potential to raise sea levels by 0.016 inches per inch. The perennial aquifer is a heat reservoir for the ice sheet, and its filling and discharging mechanisms are not yet fully understood.
Tropical Cyclone Bruce strengthened to a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds near 143.8 mph, creating rough seas and waves up to 30 feet high. The cyclone is forecast to curve to the southeast after three days, eventually becoming extra-tropical.
Researchers use radar to predict sinkholes and analyze ancient ambers for clues about paleobotany. Serpentinization in seafloor environments reveals hydrogen generation and its impact on the deep biosphere. Vast landmasses form above sea level, while trilobites venture into upper intertidal zones.
Researchers used numerical modeling to explore chloride-induced corrosion in hollow submerged marine concrete structures. They found that 'macrocells' play a significant role in accelerating the corrosion process, which can lead to reduced structure lifespan.
Researchers used geological evidence to derive a natural background pattern of sea-level rise. Based on this, they found that modern sea-level rise is fast but within the 'natural range', with only half of observed changes expected by natural standards.
Researchers at MIT found that the Arctic Ocean is becoming a more efficient carbon sink due to increased biological growth in summer months. However, some regions, such as the Barents Sea, become carbon sources, emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Tropical Cyclone Lehar formed off the Malay Peninsula on November 23, strengthening into a tropical cyclone as it moved towards the Andaman Islands. NASA's Terra satellite captured an image of the storm on November 25, showing maximum sustained winds near 65 knots/74.8 mph.
A German-Peruvian science team found that ocean eddies play a crucial role in distributing oxygen and nutrients in the oxygen minimum zones. This discovery helps improve model computations to predict future expansions of low-oxygen areas in the ocean, addressing the threat of ocean de-oxygenation.
A team of scientists and engineers from the National Oceanography Centre successfully tested a new device that can measure pH levels in seawater. The sensor uses a dye that changes color with pH, allowing for accurate long-term monitoring of ocean acidification, which is impacting marine ecosystems.
Young salmon scatter in all directions after entering the ocean, contrary to previous assumptions that most head north immediately. The study provides critical insights into salmon behavior and factors influencing survival, such as water temperature and predator presence.
Researchers in China are exploring a method to extract uranium from seawater, a potential solution to ensure reliable supplies of the fuel. Despite the challenge of extracting uranium from seawater at economic viability, progress has been made, including successful experiments by Japan and the US.
A new study predicts a sixfold increase in the number of potential invaders in Arctic waters by 2100 due to warmer climate and increased shipping. The researchers expect an increasing pressure on marine ecosystems, threatening traditional fisheries in Norway and Greenland.
Researchers quantify the extent of ancient oxygen-free and hydrogen sulfide-rich waters in the ocean during a major extinction event 93.9 million years ago. This discovery highlights the significant impact on ocean chemistry and biological activity, suggesting that even limited euxinia can have profound effects on marine life.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured the last image of Typhoon Lekima before it weakened into an extra-tropical cyclone. The typhoon maintained its eye and surrounded clouds, but its winds were rapidly decreasing.
A long-term study of box jellyfish abundance reveals a strong positive relationship with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation index, primary production, and small zooplankton abundance. The study confirms predictable timing based on the moon cycle but shows no net increase or decrease in numbers over 14 years.
A species of cold water plankton in the North Atlantic is declining as oceans warm, putting pressure on fisheries that rely on it. The study found no evidence of adaptation to warmer temperatures over 50 years, suggesting its range will continue to contract and eventually disappear.
The OSNAP program will measure ocean's overturning circulation, a key component of global climate system. It aims to understand changes in this circulation and its impact on temperatures and precipitation.
A new study reveals that microscopic suspension feeders overcome physical constraints by changing their angle relative to surfaces, maximizing access to fresh water and filtering the surrounding water. These tiny organisms filter up to 25% of seawater daily, making them essential for aquatic ecosystems.
Land-based lava pillars in Iceland may have formed without explosion due to slow-moving lava interacting with water in a 'kinder' manner, suggesting new insights into volcanic risk assessment.
Researchers have discovered vast channels beneath an Antarctic ice shelf, stretching hundreds of kilometers. The channels' formation is linked to meltwater flowing under the grounded ice sheet, shedding light on how ice responds to environmental changes.
A team of researchers has documented the removal of oxygen from seawater flowing through the deep ocean's rocky crust, suggesting that microbes are scavenging for energy. This finding provides crucial insights into the survival and thrival of life in the 'deep biosphere' beneath the sea floor.