Articles tagged with Material Properties
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of researchers at the University of Notre Dame has created a one-coat solar paint that can be applied to any conductive surface without special equipment. The paint uses semiconducting nanoparticles to produce electricity, offering a potential solution for inexpensive and efficient energy production.
The Duke researchers have calculated the thermoelectric properties of over 2,500 compounds and provided detailed recipes for creating the most efficient combinations. This new database will allow scientists to stop using trial-and-error methods and instead use a rational basis to design thermoelectric devices.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have created a new generation of materials by tying molecules into complex knots that can give them exceptional versatility and flexibility. By producing chemicals with specific numbers of well-defined knots, scientists may be able to design materials with greater control over their properties.
The Materials Project, a Google-like search engine for materials research, uses supercomputers to characterize material properties and organize them into a database. This accelerates the discovery process, enabling researchers to develop novel materials for industries such as energy, transportation, and food packaging.
The Materials Project accelerates material discovery, enabling faster development of new materials used in clean energy technologies and common consumer products. Researchers can access a database of over 15,000 inorganic compounds to predict and discover new materials.
Researchers have created thin, flexible sheets of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a low-cost 'roll-to-roll' printing process. This technology could revolutionize lighting by being used for everything from home and office tiles to windows that simulate sunrise and sunset.
Researchers have successfully modified polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to make it nearly a million times more wear-resistant. They use atomic force microscopes and nanoparticles to study the effects of friction on wear and develop new materials to eliminate wear.
Researchers can create new materials with distinct electrical, optical, and mechanical properties using self-assembly processes. These developments have the potential to tackle challenges in catalysis, medical sensing, and other fields.
A new polymeric material has been developed that can disassemble in response to low-level near infrared light, making it suitable for non-invasive medical procedures. This breakthrough could allow previously inaccessible target sites to be reached for diagnosis and treatment.
The University of Houston is developing new oil dispersants as part of a major multi-institution project. The goal is to create biocompatible dispersants that are less toxic, allowing for reduced use and improved environmental impact.
Researchers have created a novel metamaterial structure that can 'steer' second-harmonic light, allowing for unprecedented control over light manipulation. This breakthrough has significant implications for all-optical communications and could transform telecommunications technologies.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have engineered nanomaterials that absorb and funnel light energy to specific locations. Inspired by nature's light harvesting antennas, these artificial molecules exhibit new properties with potential applications in fields such as electronics and photonics.
Researchers at the University of Manchester showcase graphene's remarkable story and potential applications. Visitors can interact with a virtual microscope, see real images of graphene, and learn about its unique properties, including superconductivity, transparency, and high strength.
Researchers from NPL and Linköping University have developed a method to identify graphene thickness using EFM, allowing for precise device applications. This technique is suitable for industrial environments and can be used to distinguish between one- and two-layer graphene.
A leading nanotechnology scientist proposes a 3nm diameter threshold for mass-produced structures, citing unpredictability in bottom-up manufacturing. This challenge raises concerns about the billions invested in nanotechnology research and development.
NYU's Robert Fergus, Jinyang Li, and Matthieu Wyart receive $50,000 fellowships to support their innovative work on computer vision, machine learning, and physical systems. The awards recognize the potential of these rising stars in their respective fields.
A team of scientists has made fundamental discoveries at oxide material interfaces, discovering how to manipulate electrons by inserting a single layer of atoms. The researchers found that the rare-earth element layer creates an electron gas with unique characteristics.
Daniel Lewis, a young Rensselaer professor, has received the prestigious NSF CAREER Award to study grain growth in metallic and ceramic materials. His research aims to understand how environmental factors affect material properties and behavior.
Researchers create material with sections that independently respond to different temperature stimuli, enabling complex mechanical articulations. The development has numerous applications in industries such as shipping and food storage.
Researchers developed a color-changing patch to indicate blast exposure and potential brain injury risk. The badges use nanoscale structures that change color with intensity of exposure.
Ayusman Sen, a renowned Penn State chemist, has been awarded the prestigious Chemical Research Society of India (CRSI) Medal. His research focuses on developing novel catalysts and antimicrobial polymers with diverse applications.
Researchers have discovered a method to improve the performance of organic solar cells by modifying an interface between an organic polymer and an inorganic oxide layer. This breakthrough could significantly enhance the industry's prospects for producing efficient and environmentally friendly electricity.
A team of Arizona State University researchers will collaborate with colleagues from top universities to develop next-generation lasers and infrared photodetectors. They aim to improve the physical and structural properties of antimonide-based compound semiconductor materials, enabling high-performance sensing and imaging devices.
Researchers have developed a new method to manufacture highly stable glass films with properties equivalent to those of conventionally aged glasses. This breakthrough uses physical vapor deposition and alternating current nanocalorimetry, enabling the production of 'impossible materials' in a matter of minutes.
The Optical Society (OSA) has launched a new peer-reviewed journal called Optical Materials Express, which will focus on advances in novel optical materials. The journal aims to cover a wide range of topics in optical materials, including biomaterials, detector materials and metamaterials.
Materials Design Inc. presents a joint presentation with University of Texas at Dallas, KAUST, and Texas Instruments on the power of atomistic simulation in guiding microelectronics development. The collaboration demonstrates low Vt in CMOS using hybrid cladding layers.
Researchers have created a new two-dimensional polymer crystal self-assembled in water, mirroring biological systems. The peptoid nanosheets have unique properties and can be precisely tailored for various applications.
Researchers aim to develop blanket protection for vulnerable homes, more effective and environmentally-friendly than traditional wildfire measures. The team has tested over 40 fabrics to determine the right material, design, thickness, and weight for protection.
Researchers at Oregon State University and institutions have developed a new plasmonic nanorod metamaterial for medical, biological and chemical sensors. The device is up to 10 times more sensitive than existing technology and can detect various substances with high precision.
Researchers, including Dr. Dentcho Genov, successfully mimicked celestial mechanics using artificial optic materials to study phenomena around black holes and other celestial objects. The team's work has implications for technology, such as the 'invisibility cloak,' and confirms Louisiana Tech's contribution to vital science discoveries.
Researchers develop nanocomposite materials that can endure high temperatures, radiation, and extreme mechanical loading. The ultimate goal is to use these materials in energy applications including nuclear power, fuel cells, solar energy, and carbon sequestration.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in developing environmentally-friendly 'magnetic' refrigeration technology, which could provide a greener alternative to traditional gas-compression fridges and air conditioners. The new materials exhibit dramatic heating and cooling when a magnetic field is applied and removed.
Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have developed a new technique that converts high-frequency sound waves into light, allowing for more accurate characterization of semiconductor devices. This method has the potential to improve the manufacturing process for computer chips, LEDs, and transistors.
Archuleta's research challenged long-held beliefs and prompted new research, leading to a better understanding of earthquake physics and hazards. He has also made significant contributions as a leader in the seismological community, including serving as president of the Seismological Society of America.
A team of engineers from University of Wisconsin-Madison has created a new view of nanoscale friction by demonstrating that friction at the atomic level behaves similarly to friction generated between large objects. The researchers found that friction is proportional to the number of atoms that interact between two nanoscale surfaces.
Researchers discovered that nanoscale lead atoms on silicon exhibit a fluid-like motion, enabling the formation of uniform-height islands in minutes. The unique behavior suggests that quantum mechanics governs the growth process, allowing for rapid self-assembly and potentially simplifying material properties manipulation.
Researchers at University of Warwick developed a single-step process to coat polymers with silica-based nanoparticles, creating versatile materials for self-healing paints and intelligent packaging. The process produces high-performance materials with tailored water or air permeability.
Scientists recreated materials at extreme pressures and temperatures, revealing rare atomic properties that may affect heat transfer, superplume formation, and seismic wave speed. This discovery requires reinterpreting seismic images of the lowermost mantle.
Researchers have discovered a way to make magnetic sensors capable of operating at high temperatures, overcoming the limitations of conventional sensors. By introducing slight degradation or impurities into indium antimonide samples, scientists can recreate the effect that was previously observed only at low temperatures.
Researchers at MIT have developed synthetic nanoparticles that can quickly pass into cells without harming them. The key to their approach is a striped structure on the nanoparticles' surface, which allows them to directly penetrate the cell membrane and deliver drugs or imaging agents to the cytosol.
Researchers from the University of Manchester have successfully created the world's smallest transistor using graphene, a one-atom-thick material. The breakthrough paves the way for significant advancements in nanoelectronics and could potentially solve the scaling limitations of traditional electronics.
A team of researchers from MIT and CNRS studied the phenomenon of triangular tears in adhesives like tape and plastic sheets. They found that these tears arise from interactions between three properties: elasticity, adhesive energy, and fracture energy. The study has potential industrial applications in microtechnologies.
Scientists discover squid beak is both extremely hard and stiff at the tip and soft at the base, allowing it to capture prey without harming itself. This unique property inspires new possibilities for joining materials together.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool have developed a mathematical model that proves it is possible to gain full control of sound waves using meta-materials. This could lead to improved medical scans, such as ultrasound technology used in pregnancy tests, and quieter noisy machines by trapping sound.
Researchers have produced molecular chimeras by binding fullerene receptors to a fullerene molecule, forming short chains of linked nanopearls. These aggregates exhibit special binding interactions between electrons, making them promising for efficient optoelectronic components.
Scientists from University College Cork, Dalian University of Technology, and Cardiff University developed a method for synthesizing bamboo-structured carbon nanotubes. The study found that catalytic nanoparticles played a key role in the synthesis process and acted as nucleation seeds for growth.
Trinity College researchers have developed a technique to grow grid patterns of nanotube arrays, which can be used to strengthen polymer composites. This innovation is expected to lead to the incorporation of carbon nanotubes in various applications such as flat panel displays and flexible electronic devices.
Scientists generate most energetic terahertz pulses ever produced, allowing for the observation of cross-phase modulation and opening up new possibilities for materials research and light source technologies. The breakthrough could lead to innovations in fields such as biological molecule imaging and homeland security.
Researchers have developed a procedure using chitosan to create surgical materials with antimicrobial and healing properties, which remained unmodified after sterilization. Additionally, chitosan was found to be a natural bio-stimulant that boosts tomato seed germination and plant growth.
Researchers have identified a lack of precise methods for studying nanostructured materials' atomic arrangements, dubbed the 'nanostructure problem.' A comprehensive solution requires coordination among multiple experimental methods and theory.
Researchers from Clemson University have improved inkjet technology to produce live, beating heart cells more efficiently. This breakthrough enables precise placement of cells in soft tissue, a crucial step towards achieving function in the heart.
MIT researchers have developed a new method to produce strong and stretchy nanocomposite materials, similar to spider silk. These materials can be used to strengthen packaging materials and develop tear-resistant fabrics or biomedical devices.
Researchers at Kent State University have discovered a method to manipulate colloids and liquid crystals, leading to the creation of ferroelectric nanoparticles that can significantly impact material properties. This breakthrough could result in more efficient liquid crystal displays and new applications for liquid crystals.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have identified a class of polyprismane molecules that exhibit auxetic behavior, getting thicker when stretched and thinner when compressed. This discovery has potential applications in bulletproof vests and medical technology.
Georgia Tech researchers develop wavelength-demultipler (WD) that can separate high-resolution wavelengths in tight confines, solving problems with combining delicate optical functions. The WD is integrated into a microchip for signal processing, communications, or sensing applications.
Researchers developed an ultrasonic metamaterial that captures sound wave's fine details and expands instead of compresses like natural materials. This allows for higher modulation of the acoustic wave, enabling better ultrasound image resolution.
Researchers at Ohio University have discovered that gold nanoparticles can heat an area significantly larger than the nanoparticle itself, making them useful for targeting specific cells or objects. The particles' heating properties are precise and can be controlled using bio-linkers to affect specific targets.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab create porous scaffolding-like material that mimics nacre's structure, exhibiting four times greater strength than current materials. The composite could foster bone tissue regeneration and improve artificial joints.
Researchers at Yale University have devised a way to predict the microstructure of crystals as they form in materials. This new method enables the estimation of grain size and subsequent material properties dependent on microstructure, opening up possibilities for tailoring material characteristics.
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have discovered a low-temperature sulfur oxides absorbent, silver hollandite, that maintains its catalytic activity even when aging. This inexpensive catalyst has the potential to reduce diesel emissions.