Articles tagged with Material Properties
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discovered new properties in lead zirconate, a key material for creating efficient electrolyte-free accumulators. The discovery reveals unique atomic-scale processes that enable structural switching, contributing to significant energy release in a short period.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have developed a new beam pattern, dubbed the 'needle-pulse' beam, which can create incredibly thin and intense beams that expand outward again after a mere nanosecond. This innovation has the potential to revolutionize fields such as ultrasound, radar, and microscopy.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a novel metamaterial that can switch between being hard and soft, maintaining its properties despite repeated changes. This breakthrough enables potential applications in various fields, including car safety and rocket technology.
Researchers have discovered a way to overcome the limitations of 2D materials in photovoltaics by adding a plasmonic metasurface, increasing absorption and efficiency. This innovation has huge implications for the future of optoelectronics, potentially revolutionizing the marketability of devices.
Researchers at Forschungszentrum Jülich have developed a simpler method to characterize magnetic nanovortices, also known as skyrmions. This new technique uses X-rays to identify suitable materials with the topological charge necessary for these tiny structures.
Researchers at ICFO have created a multilayer transparent conductor with low resistance and high optical transmission, exceeding ITO's performance. The new material offers fourfold improvement in figure of merit and superior mechanical flexibility.
Researchers have published a new study that explicitly quantifies the thermodynamic scale of metastability for almost 30,000 known materials. This understanding paves the way for designing and making promising next-generation materials with superior properties.
Researchers have developed a simple process to create reactive actinide oxide nanocrystals, enabling the production of dense nuclear fuels and potential applications in waste management. This new approach could lead to more efficient and sustainable solutions for nuclear energy.
Florida State University geology researcher Mainak Mookherjee explores feldspar elasticity to explain seismic discontinuity. At extreme pressures, feldspar decomposes into denser mineral phases, which could partially explain this phenomenon.
Researchers have successfully fabricated electronic devices using DNA, which can function at room temperature. The devices work by exploiting the tunnelling effect, where electrons tunnel through energy barriers to create a current.
Researchers at Hokkaido University developed a novel ferroelectric plastic crystal that can control its electric polarization. The crystal's unique properties make it suitable for applications in non-volatile ferroelectric random-access memory devices.
Researchers at North Carolina State University integrated novel oxides onto a computer chip, enabling new applications such as sensors and non-volatile memory. The integration technology allows for faster, more efficient devices with improved performance.
The study characterizes the materials used to build the galleries and analyzes their deterioration, providing valuable insights for future reconstruction decisions. The main components of mortars include calcite and gypsum, with alite and belite also detected in clinker-based Portland cement.
Researchers at the University of York have developed a novel carbon capture technology called Starbons, which can absorb up to 65% more CO2 than existing methods. The materials are also highly selective and retain their absorption properties even in the presence of water.
Researchers developed a way to predict glass compositions and their properties, enabling faster development of new products such as lighter windows for more fuel-efficient cars. The 'glass genome' model uses computer simulations to explore possible combinations of materials, optimizing them for industrial production.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed a new process that triggers targeted reactions using red or near-infrared light or a tiny dose of an enzyme. This breakthrough has significant implications for medicine and engineering, particularly in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Researchers review bladder mechanics, focusing on material testing and theoretical modeling to improve understanding and diagnosis of urinary disorders. They highlight the need for more accurate models to simulate bladder behavior and predict outcomes.
Researchers have created an 'adaptive protein crystal' that exhibits a unique property called 'auxetic', where stretching or compressing the material causes it to thicken or shrink in the opposite direction. This material has potential applications in shock-absorbing materials and body armor.
Researchers at Lund University have developed a method to control the movement of active particles using light, which can be used to create programmable materials. This technology has potential applications in environmental science, such as locating oil spills, and medicine, including delivering pharmaceutical substances.
Researchers from Drexel University have created a new method for producing polymer nanobrushes that repel dirt, allowing for greater control over their shape and size. This breakthrough enables the creation of more efficient and durable brush coatings with improved friction reduction, opening up new possibilities for various applications.
A new type of lens for focusing terahertz radiation has been developed by Brown University researchers, performing as well or better than existing lenses. The device uses an array of stacked metal plates to focus terahertz waves, allowing for improved transmission and versatility in different wavelengths.
Researchers used infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry to study the interaction between probe molecules and oxide surfaces. They found that surface layers behave like glass-forming liquids, with density and dynamic behavior influencing interactions.
A new one-atom-thick flat material made of silicon, boron, and nitrogen has been discovered by University of Kentucky physicist Madhu Menon. The material is extremely stable, a property lacking in many graphene alternatives, and can be fine-tuned to suit various applications.
Researchers at UMass Amherst and Oxford University describe a new law for predicting wrinkle wavelength on curved surfaces, enabling the use of wrinkles to sculpt surface topography. Experimental results support the validity of this local law, which incorporates mechanical and geometrical effects.
This review article presents an extended study on the crystal and magnetic structure of multiferroic hexagonal manganite RMnO3, which exhibits ferroelectric and magnetic orders. The research highlights the importance of strong interactions between these orders, leading to unique properties.
Researchers are testing whether recycling and repurposing building materials can revitalize a distressed Great Lakes community. The project aims to create an economic cluster by identifying industries that can maximize material reuse and resale. By doing so, it could provide jobs and boost local economy.
Researchers developed a novel method to print composite materials using ultrasonic waves, enabling the creation of complex fibrous architectures. The technology can be easily integrated into existing 3D printers, offering tailored material properties and potential applications in smart materials.
A team of scientists has proposed a two-dimensional metamaterial composed of silver elements that refracts light in an unusual way, potentially speeding up computer processing. The material could be used to develop compact optical devices and create an 'invisibility cloak'.
Scientists have developed a new method to analyze the movement of specific atoms in dielectric materials when exposed to an electric field. This technique uses X-rays and advanced mathematical analysis to determine changes in atomic placement within the crystalline structure of the material.
Researchers have demonstrated a novel method to create protein polymers that can display new functionalities, including temperature responsiveness. By changing the decoration points on the protein, they found that the functional properties of the polymer were influenced.
Scientists have created tire-grade rubber that can heal itself, potentially extending the lifespan of tires. The material, developed by Amit Das and colleagues, heals at room temperature and can withstand stresses of up to 754 pounds per square inch.
Scientists at UCLA used a microscope to image the 3D positions of individual atoms with precision of 19 trillionths of a meter. This breakthrough enables researchers to infer macroscopic material properties from atomic arrangements, guiding the development of aircraft components and other applications.
Scientists have developed a new ultra-thin invisibility cloak that can render small objects undetectable by rerouting incoming light waves. The cloak is designed with a reflective metasurface and light-scattering antennae, allowing it to conceal objects with sharp edges and peaks.
The Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility will receive $8 million from the National Science Foundation over five years. This grant, combined with a matching commitment from New York state, will provide long-term infrastructure support for ambitious research.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a new experimental approach called plasmonic nanospectroscopy to study individual nanoparticles. This method reveals significant differences in properties between seemingly identical particles, which could lead to improved hydrogen sensors for fuel cell cars.
A Caltech team has successfully created synthetic structures made of both protein and DNA, opening up numerous applications. The hybrid material combines the versatility of proteins and the programmability of DNA, enabling new possibilities for medical treatments and industrial applications.
Researchers at NYU Engineering have developed protein-engineered hydrogels that can replicate biochemical processes found in nature. These biomimetic materials could be used for wound healing and sensing applications.
Researchers at TU Wien have discovered new materials that can locally amplify or absorb light, allowing for the creation of undistorted light waves with uniform intensity. This breakthrough enables new kinds of light waves without wave interference, potentially useful for technological applications.
Professor Federico Rosei, a renowned researcher at INRS Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, has been elected ASM International Fellow. He is recognized for his exceptional work on synthesizing and characterizing multifunctional materials.
Scientists have developed a new material that can capture and convert waste heat from engines into electrical energy, potentially improving fuel efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This innovative technology could also have applications in aerospace and manufacturing sectors.
Researchers developed a semiconducting polymer fibre that glows and supports healthy cell growth. The fibre's fluorescent properties enable tracking of its interaction with living tissue for up to 90 days.
Researchers have found that chlorine is depleted from the surface of perovskite absorber layers during processing, while its concentration near the interface with a titanium dioxide layer is higher. This distribution could help mitigate recombination and provide a template for growing the film.
The article explores aperiodic crystals and their implications on our understanding of crystalline order. Recent research has shown that the current definition of crystals, based on point-like diffraction, may need revision as new materials with non-trivial point components in their diffraction are discovered.
The research develops a system to produce soft materials with dynamically controllable and reversible surface properties. By manipulating the spacing and shapes of embedded particles, the material's surface can change from smooth to ridged or bumpy, creating complex patterns that could guide fluids.
Researchers developed a metamaterial hyperlens that can improve early cancer detection, nanoelectronic manufacturing, and single-molecule observation. The design overcomes diffraction limitations in the visible frequency range, enabling higher resolution imaging and potentially leading to breakthroughs in various fields.
Researchers at the University of Huddersfield are working on a £6.5 million project to develop new switch designs that can withstand heavy loads and reduce wear and tear. The goal is to make drastic reductions in track maintenance costs and improve the overall efficiency of rail networks.
Researchers discovered a promising material called thallium sulfide iodide that can be used to create high-performance, low-cost, and room-temperature semiconductor radiation detectors. The material has higher density, heavier chemical elements, and lower growth temperature compared to existing candidates.
Fluctuation X-ray scattering measures molecules at short timescales to reveal structural insights into biological molecules and materials. The technique improves upon traditional small-angle X-ray scattering, providing greater detail from limited datasets.
Researchers at Australian National University have created a topological insulator that can bend light around corners with no loss of signal, opening possibilities for nanoscale light sources, efficient antennas, and quantum computing.
Researchers develop robotic materials that can sense their environment and change their properties in response. Inspired by nature, these materials aim to create prosthetics, self-healing bridges, and adaptive vehicles. However, manufacturing techniques remain a challenge, and an education gap must be addressed.
Researchers develop a novel, bacteria-repelling coating material that attracts healthy cells to medical implants, reducing the likelihood of rejection. The breakthrough could significantly improve the success rate of medical implants, particularly for hip replacements where failure rates remain high.
Researchers use laser-driven compression to study extreme conditions inside planets, revealing properties of silica that determine planet formation and evolution. The findings suggest large rocky planets may have long-lived oceans at depth and could explain the existence of planets like Neptune and Uranus.
A team of Penn State researchers has developed a thermoplastic material from squid protein, which can be used in 3D printing and has tunable properties for medical or cosmetic applications. The semi-crystalline thermoplastic exhibits high tensile strength and is a wet adhesive.
Researchers develop fundamental cuts and folds to maintain lattice proportions, enabling versatile applications in nanotechnology, architecture, and aerospace. The technique allows for the creation of complex shapes, including channels and ratcheting interfaces, with potential uses in self-folding materials.
The NUP/UPNA researchers developed a smart structure based on metamaterials to improve the performance of radar antennae, addressing blind spot mitigation. Their metaradome improves beam direction without modifying the prototype antenna.
Researchers at ETH Zurich create an artificial graphene system that breaks time-reversal symmetry using laser beams and ultracold atoms. This setup enables the testing of the topological Haldane model, a concept first proposed in 1988, and paves the way for new electronic applications.
The researcher designed and manufactured new devices based on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials, achieving high speed transmission and radiation focusing properties. The devices have potential applications in nanocircuits, electrical levitation, invisibility, and multiple-frequency spectroscopy experiments.
Researchers found that particles bind under low temperatures but melt at moderate levels, then re-connect at higher temperatures. This discovery has potential for creating 'smart materials' and sharpening 3D printing detail.
Researchers at Carnegie Institution successfully produce ultra-thin diamond nanothreads, exhibiting superior strength and stiffness compared to existing nanotubes and polymer fibers. The discovery has significant potential for various applications, including advanced materials and space technology.
Scientists have found that defects in a 2D material called tungsten disulphide can create unusual characteristics, making it useful for electronic devices and hydrogen gas liberation. The researchers used an advanced microscope to visualize the defects, revealing a low-energy barrier that allows them to be easily displaced.