Articles tagged with Material Properties
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have discovered point defects in beta gallium oxide, which could impact its efficiency as a semiconductor. The defects can provide opportunities for unprecedented control of the material's properties if properly manipulated.
Researchers at McMaster University created a new coating material to prevent clotting and infection in synthetic vascular grafts. The smart coatings selectively attract targeted cells, promoting faster, smoother healing. The coatings have already been approved for use in humans.
Researchers have developed elastic microlattice pads that can withstand both single hits and repeated impacts better than existing state-of-the-art foams. The new material absorbs up to 48% more energy efficiently compared to the top vinyl nitrile foam during repeated impacts.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered a way to strengthen bone structure using computer software, potentially treating osteoporosis and creating lightweight materials for the aerospace industry. The team found that horizontal rod-like struts play a crucial role in extending the fatigue life of bone.
Researchers at Aalto University and Nagoya University have developed a new method to make ultra-clean carbon nanotube transistors with superior semiconducting properties. The new method produces hundreds of individual devices within 3 hours, reducing processing time and increasing efficiency.
MM3D printing breaks the speed barrier for multimaterial 3D printing by switching between up to eight materials at 50 times per second. This enables the creation of complex shapes and origami-like architectures with high quality transitions.
A new study published in Seismological Research Letters found that deep landslides triggered by the 1964 magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska earthquake were not reactivated by the 2018 magnitude 7.1 Anchorage earthquake. Researchers attributed this to the shorter duration and higher frequency of shaking during the 2018 quake, which likely kept ...
A new big data technique has revealed the previously unknown properties of nickel, enabling applications in data storage, biosensors, and quantum computing. Researchers discovered that nickel can produce a huge magnetic field when made into single-crystal nanowires and subjected to mechanical energy.
A new study reveals that some exoplanets have Earth-like geochemistry, with high oxidation levels similar to those in the Solar System. This finding suggests that rocky exoplanets may have similar internal properties to Earth and Mars.
The researchers developed a microfluidic platform to study an artificial light-harvesting complex inspired by photosynthetic bacteria. They found that at low light intensities, the system absorbs photons efficiently, while high intensities trigger the release of excess energy as a safety valve.
Researchers analyzed a former methamphetamine-cooking house and found high levels of contamination in everyday items, including blinds, carpets, walls, and even toys. The study raises questions about the effectiveness of current surface detection methods in identifying indoor contamination risks.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory used X-rays to observe spatial changes in a silicon carbide crystal when exposed to sound waves. The study demonstrates the potential of acoustic interactions to change materials at the atomic level, paving the way for novel techniques in quantum information technologies.
University of Minnesota researchers have discovered a novel cellular process called 'bystander uptake' that allows cells to engulf nano-sized materials without direct peptide functionalization. The study found that cysteine surrounding the cells stimulates this activity.
A research team from Aalto University developed a novel strategy to create virus-based materials for catalysis. The new phthalocyanine derivative was synthesised and combined with tobacco mosaic virus, resulting in a highly ordered fibrous material that remains active despite being immobilised.
Researchers have developed an effective method to monitor carbon nanotube films using artificial neural networks (ANN). The technique can help predict the efficiency of single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesis and improve the overall production framework, leading to new horizons for real-life applications.
David Cullen and Kate Page, researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, have received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. They were recognized for their exceptional research accomplishments in fuel cell materials and nanoparticle properties, respectively.
Researchers at Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University have developed a new metallic alloy that can be used in magnetic refrigeration technology, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional refrigerants like freon. The manganese-arsenic alloy shows promising results for solid-state cooling at room temperature.
The MFX team presents innovative open-access algorithms that enable the production of round shapes, flexible objects with complex elastic behaviors, and oriented grip patterns. These advancements pave the way for composite materials with different properties in different directions.
Researchers use combinatorial synthesis and thin-film material libraries to accelerate discovery of new materials. Automated data analysis enables machine learning and artificial intelligence to aid the search for new materials.
Researchers have developed a large interactive stability map of ternary nitrides, predicting 244 new stable compounds. Artificial photosynthesis has also been improved by controlling cobalt oxide catalysts. Additionally, atomically thin semiconductors called TMDCs have shown a quantum yield of 100% when treated with an electrical voltage.
Researchers created a nanoscale bioabsorbable wound dressing using chitosan, which shows promise in reducing blood loss and improving hemostasis. The dressing can be applied, left in the injury site, and eliminates the need for subsequent physical removal.
Researchers repurposed shrink films to make strong grippers that can encapsulate materials or be incorporated into soft robotics. The grippers were made by patterned black ink onto polystyrene sheets, which then wrapped around objects to grip them.
Graphene has been made luminescent by incorporating europium, allowing it to emit visible light from energy. This breakthrough could lead to new uses in biological materials and tissue analysis.
Researchers developed stable inorganic perovskite semiconductors at moderate temperatures, enabling integration into thin-film solar cells. The optimized CsPbI3 layers showed an initial efficiency of over 12% and stable performance for over 1200 hours.
Researchers are investigating whether metamaterial concept can be scaled up to city size to reduce earthquake damage. Simulations show that structures act as resonators, plucking energy from Rayleigh waves, and optimal building arrangement could reduce damage by decreasing height radially inward.
Researchers introduce trace amounts of samarium into PMN-PT crystals, significantly enhancing their piezoelectric properties. The results show nearly double the performance of traditional materials.
Researchers developed DASH materials that exhibit metabolism, self-assembly, and organization - key traits of life. The biomaterial autonomously emerges from nanoscale building blocks, grows, and decays, allowing it to perpetuate dynamic processes.
Scientists found that amorphous systems converge to hyperuniformity, a hidden order on large scales, as they optimize individual cells' geometrical properties. This discovery has implications for the development of novel materials, including photonic metamaterials and block copolymers.
Researchers tracked platinum and tin atom movement during iNPs synthesis, discovering intermediate phases with unique catalytic properties. This discovery enables control over material synthesis and potential applications in energy-efficient fuel conversion and biofuel production.
Rutgers engineers created flexible, lightweight materials that change shape with temperature, enabling better shock absorption and morphing airplane or drone wings. The materials can be reshaped and returned to their original form on demand, opening up possibilities for soft robotics, tiny implantable biomedical devices, and more.
Researchers have discovered that a material designed to absorb all light of a specific color demands the waves be synchronized as well. By adjusting parameters, they were able to create a coherent perfect absorber with two overlapping modes, increasing versatility and flexibility in tailoring the material's properties.
A team at NYU Tandon School of Engineering has designed an artificial neural network approach that can predict the elastic modulus of graphene-enhanced composites from just one sample, streamlining materials testing. This reduces the need for extensive experimentation, lowering costs and accelerating product development.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University have developed a new perovskite solar cell design that improves stability and scalability, enabling the creation of low-cost, large-area solar modules. The devices achieved an efficiency of over 20% and demonstrated their viability for commercialization in the near future.
Researchers found that water seeps between graphene layers at 22% relative humidity, modifying the material's interaction. The study suggests that graphene-based devices may function differently in humid environments, highlighting the need to record relative humidity in future experiments.
Researchers have discovered eccentric quantum physics in emerging semiconducting materials, enabling unique radiance and energy-efficiency. These hybrid semiconductors, called halide organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIPs), are easy to produce and apply, with potential applications in lighting and solar panels.
Researchers have created a new material capable of repelling ice from any surface using elastic energy localization. Testing shows it is mechanically durable, unaffected by ultraviolet rays and requires minimal force to cause cracks that slough off the ice. The coating can last for over 10 years without needing reapplication.
A Texas A&M engineering team uses machine learning and AI to develop an autonomous framework for discovering new materials. The system can adaptively pick the best models to find optimal materials, reducing the time and cost of research.
Researchers at UMass Lowell have created a new class of metamaterial that can change the color of light, enabling on-chip optical communication. This technology could lead to smaller, faster, and more efficient computer chips with wider bandwidth and better data storage.
Researchers propose using multiferroics and topological materials to create logic and memory devices that are 10-100 times more energy-efficient than current microprocessors. This could enable significant advancements in computing power, particularly for applications like self-driving cars and drones.
A lack of production standards in the graphene market has led to inferior products being sold as high-grade. NUS researchers developed a reliable method for testing graphene quality, finding that most samples contained less than 10% real graphene flakes.
Two experiments at TU Wien and Heidelberg University demonstrate that disequilibrium processes in quantum systems belong to universality classes, behaving identically. This allows for indirect study of inaccessible quantum systems like the Big Bang.
Varying nanotwin spacing produces dramatic improvements in metal strength and work hardening rates. Researchers created composites with different nanotwin boundary spacings, resulting in stronger materials than their constituent components.
Experts aim to understand how birds create resilient nests using twigs, leaves, and other materials, with potential applications in building, packaging, self-repairing, and shock-absorption. By studying the collective mechanical interactions of disordered filaments, they hope to develop new technologies inspired by nature.
Professor Harry Hilton combines da Vinci-Euler-Bernoulli theory with Timoshenko theory and viscoelastic materials to create a unified model for flying vehicles. The analysis considers both deterministic and probabilistic approaches, aiming to improve the design of future aircraft.
A novel machine learning framework developed by Virginia Tech researchers accelerates the discovery of new materials through computer simulations. The framework, which trains on the fly, enables faster development of accurate computational models of materials with potential biomedicine and energy applications.
Researchers at Far Eastern Federal University have developed hybrid powder materials that decrease friction ratio in metals sevenfold, increasing durability of spare parts. The new materials offer prospects for efficient anti-friction additives, outperforming existing alternatives like Teflon.
Researchers from Wuhan University developed a new type of upconversion nanocrystal that can display full-color patterns and multiple encoding levels. The material has excellent upconversion fluorescence properties under near-infrared laser excitation, making it suitable for high-security anti-counterfeiting applications.
Researchers used multimodal imaging to study a promising photovoltaic material, finding it is ferroelastic and exhibits chemical segregation due to differential strains. This discovery challenges previous assumptions and provides new insights for designing future materials with improved performance.
Scientists have developed a comprehensive model of electrochemistry that combines existing theories to predict previously unexplained behavior. The Unified Electrochemical Band-Diagram Framework enables the prediction of material properties and behavior in any electrode, including batteries, supercapacitors, and catalysis.
Researchers at Nagoya University developed a process to create high-performance materials with consistent properties. By controlling reactions, they achieved narrow molecular weight distributions and regular cross-linking, leading to responsive and stable gel networks.
Researchers have successfully assembled enzyme-powered artificial cells that can oscillate in water column using catalase-generated gas bubbles. The protocells use glucose oxidase as a fuel source, enabling buoyant motion and self-sorting capabilities.
A new AI model developed by researchers at the University of Waterloo can accurately detect atomic structures in metals, leading to greater confidence in determining their integrity. The system uses deep learning and generates images of defects to produce a highly effective algorithm for identifying various types of crystal structures.
Researchers developed a new modeling technique to simulate metallic glass behavior under stress, predicting the amount of energy released when fractured. This breakthrough improves computer-aided materials design, helping researchers determine the properties of metallic glasses.
Graphene's lifetime limitation has been overcome by connecting it to other atomic layers. The tri-layer material increases the lifetime of excited electrons in graphene by several hundred times, enabling high efficiency in solar cells. This breakthrough could lead to the development of ultrathin and flexible solar cells.
Researchers at Nagoya University created a composite material that adjusts its appearance based on different types of light and backgrounds, mimicking the color-changing abilities of animals like chameleons. The material features dyes, crystals, and pigments that interact to produce vibrant displays.
Researchers found that infants aged 4- to 8-months hold a primary cerebral representation of audiovisual integration in their right hemisphere, with the number of processed materials increasing with experience. This study sheds light on the trajectory of acquiring general knowledge about objects.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new stealth material that can hide hot objects from infrared detectors. The material, made with black silicon, absorbs approximately 94% of infrared light and can be used to trick infrared cameras.
Researchers have discovered a new class of materials that can harness sunlight to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Cs2BiAgCl6 and Cs2BiAgBr6 are promising photocatalytic materials due to their ability to absorb visible light and generate sufficient energy to split water.
Researchers have developed a pill that can temporarily coat the intestine to prevent nutrient contact and lower blood sugar spikes in preclinical study. The engineered compound, LuCI, was found to alter nutrient contact and lower blood glucose response after a meal, with benefits lasting only a few hours.
A new method of microscale 3D printing allows switching between materials of different modulus without cross contamination, enabling programmable morphing and morphing capability in various applications such as aircraft wing structures and microrobotics. The technology can create materials with tailored stiffness and toughness.