Articles tagged with Materials
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
New formulations of nanopesticides with natural ingredients have appeared in specialized literature, but there is no consensus on what constitutes a green pesticide. Researchers warn that terms such as 'sustainable' must be used correctly and that the natural components of these products do not eliminate environmental concerns.
Researchers at Duke University have created a programmable Lego-like material that can change its stiffness and damping in response to temperature changes. The material, made from gallium and iron, can be programmed to mimic various commercially available soft materials.
Researchers at MIT developed a generative AI model called DiffSyn that suggests promising synthesis routes for complex materials like zeolites. By using this model, scientists can test millions of theoretical materials in under a minute, accelerating the materials discovery process.
The B-STING silica nanocomposite acts as a nanofactory of reactive oxygen species, activating itself in response to changes in the chemical environment. This material can be used to create biocidal coatings that are safe, durable, and resistant to dirt, with potential applications in medicine and other industries.
Physicists at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg have discovered a precursor for electronically chiral materials, which could pave the way for uniform chirality in thin layers. These materials could provide a solution to modern microelectronics' size and efficiency limitations.
LIST's patented infrared welding process enables rapid assembly of thick carbon-fibre-reinforced thermoplastic components, reducing weight, costs and environmental impact. The innovation is estimated to reduce CO2 emissions by 12.5 tonnes per wing rib.
A team of researchers from Chiba University discovered the structural evolution of poloxamer mixtures at different temperatures, enabling customized gelation behavior. Their findings support precise design of sustained-release formulations for localized therapies, enhancing drug retention and minimizing side effects.
Researchers found that Ralstonia's unique exo polysaccharide 1 (EPS-1) film allows the bacteria to spread rapidly through plant xylem vessels, causing rapid wilting. The team used precise measurements of the viscoelastic properties of EPS-1 to understand its role in making Ralstonia a devastating plant killer.
A nanostructure composed of silver and an atomically thin semiconductor layer can be turned into an ultrafast switching mirror device, displaying properties of both light and matter. This discovery could lead to dramatically increased information transmission rates in optical data processing.
A UC Santa Barbara professor's lab group has developed a way to use magnetic frustration to engineer unconventional magnetic states. These states have potential relevance for quantum technologies, including long-range entanglement of spins and ferroic responses.
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is partnering with Type One Energy and the University of Tennessee to establish a world-class high-heat flux facility in East Tennessee. The facility will evaluate how materials react under extreme conditions in a fusion device, accelerating the development of plasma-facing components and enabling the ...
Osaka Metropolitan University scientists have created a molecule that naturally forms p/n junctions, structures vital for converting sunlight into electricity. The new design offers a promising shortcut to producing more efficient organic thin-film solar cells.
Researchers present novel theoretical framework explaining non-monotonic temperature dependence and sign reversal of chirality-related AHE in highly conductive metals. The study reveals clear picture of unusual transport phenomena, forming foundation for rational design of next-generation spintronic devices and magnetic quantum materials.
A research team at Osaka Metropolitan University successfully realized a new type of Kondo necklace with increased localized spin size, demonstrating a clear phase transition to magnetic order. The study shows that the Kondo interaction promotes magnetism when the localized spin is larger than 1/2.
Scientists have provided a groundbreaking, physical explanation for how a magnetic field slows the movement of carbon atoms through iron in steel alloys. This discovery has the potential to improve material processing and reduce energy costs by allowing engineers to better control heat treatment, while also lowering CO2 emissions.
Physicists from the University of Illinois discovered a unique phenomenon where chiral materials respond to light by amplifying certain frequencies. The study sheds light on how interplay between symmetry and magnetism can lead to extraordinary effects in everyday systems.
A new metamaterial design enables real-time stiffness visualization and self-sensing capabilities, paving the way for intelligent systems. The research team created a linear relationship between stiffness and active hinges, allowing for precise tuning and adaptation in mechanical systems.
Researchers found that Cornell prime dots can reprogram the tumor microenvironment, transforming melanoma and other aggressive solid tumors into responsive ones. The particles stimulate innate immune responses, halt cancer cell proliferation, reduce immune suppression, and repurpose key immune cells to attack cancer more effectively.
Researchers have discovered a unique cobalt-based molecule that can function as a spin quantum bit, providing a new design strategy for molecular materials used in quantum information technologies. The molecule exhibits slow magnetic relaxation and delocalized electron spins, allowing it to stabilize the quantum state.
A large-area uniform three-dimensional covalent organic framework membrane is fabricated to stabilize Li-metal electrodes via solvation cages. The membrane features non-interpenetrating topology, promoting rapid ion transport and stabilizing the lithium metal anode.
LionGlass promises to cut glass manufacturing carbon footprint in half by lowering melting temperature and eliminating carbonate materials. The technology also offers improved damage resistance, up to ten times that of conventional glass.
Scientists established a definitive charge-driven mechanism underlying the non-thermal catalytic enhancement observed in DC-applied DRM, focusing on Pd/CeO2 as a model catalyst. The study reveals a cooperative mechanism between trapped electrons and strain-induced holes as the microscopic origin of non-thermal catalysis under DC applic...
Scientists at the University of Michigan have developed a theoretical framework that shows how to create soft, elastic, and lightweight materials with active features. The model proposes coupling material mechanics and chemistry to overcome natural damping behavior and achieve chaotic motion.
Researchers at Empa's Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures laboratory are working to improve the insulation material used in satellites and space probes. They have developed a new intermediate layer that makes the material more elastic and resistant to cracks and flaking, enabling better superinsulation for future satellites.
Researchers at the University of Illinois developed a machine learning approach to analyze diffraction patterns and capture an alloy's microstructure in unprecedented detail. This method accelerates alloy property prediction by orders of magnitude, enabling rapid fundamental understanding of structure properties in metals.
Researchers at Rice University developed a material that uses light to break down PFAS and other contaminants. The covalent organic framework (COF) material, grown directly onto a hexagonal boron nitride film, requires only light to activate its photocatalytic reactions.
Single-crystal HfB2 nanorods exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, with a 4.1% increase in hardness and 37.6% improvement in fracture toughness. The nanorods also demonstrate excellent ablation resistance, impeding oxygen atom penetration and reducing mass ablation rates.
Researchers at Tohoku University and Indian Institute of Technology Indore developed a Cu14 nanocluster with a single exposed Cu site, exhibiting high ammonia selectivity and production rate. The findings support the creation of efficient metal nanocluster catalysts for green energy production.
Researchers developed a novel bioelectronic material that transforms from a rigid film to a soft, tissue-like interface upon hydration, enabling seamless integration with living tissues. The device, called THIN, has been shown to record biological signals with high fidelity and stability in animal experiments.
The MUTE-Seq method detects rare cancer mutations at exceptionally low frequencies, enriching circulating tumor DNA and improving detection accuracy. It increases variant allele frequencies by tens of times, enabling detection of mutations present at 0.005% or lower.
Extracellular vesicles can mediate communication between cells and tissues, influencing processes like immune signaling and cancer progression. Researchers have developed a practical, scalable EV-isolation platform that operates without preprocessing steps or specialized equipment.
Researchers investigate poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel structure and function under mechanical forces and heat, revealing changes in electrical conductivity and internal structure. The study provides valuable insights for developing smart polymers and understanding their functional mechanisms.
A team of researchers created a metamaterial that can transfer sound waves between air and water. The device, made from aluminum and steel plates, works by passing vibrations through its structure to facilitate communication between underwater and airborne vehicles.
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology have developed a new catalyst that enables faster and more sustainable production of hydrogen gas. The breakthrough, reported in Nature Chemistry, uses a unique molecular scaffold to position iron and nickel atoms for optimal performance.
Researchers demonstrate laser-shock imprinting on tellurene, generating dense dislocation networks while retaining single-crystal integrity. This technique enables precise control over 2D material strain fields, a key challenge in flexible electronics.
A team of international researchers proposes that sticky, surface-bound gels may have played a crucial role in the origins of life on Earth. These primitive gels could have provided the necessary structure and function for early chemical systems to become increasingly complex. The study's findings also extend to astrobiology, suggestin...
Researchers at Empa successfully X-rayed the entire satellite EURECA, revealing cracks in composite struts and deformations in scientific instruments. The study highlights the potential of high-energy X-ray imaging for non-destructive analysis of satellites.
Scientists discovered a new electronic state, the 'nodal metal,' which enables room-temperature superconductivity. This breakthrough reveals how electrons behave at high temperatures and provides insights into high-temperature cuprate superconductivity.
Researchers explore novel materials and architectures to improve power efficiency, leakage control, and device reliability in traditional silicon-based devices. The review emphasizes the need for interface engineering, material stability, and CMOS compatibility.
Researchers developed a monolithic 3D-integrated, flexible tactile sensing array inspired by human skin, achieving ultra-high integration and low power consumption. The device uses holey MXene paste for intelligent user identification.
Researchers at Brown University have identified the optimal pore structure for hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries, which can enhance stability and energy density. The findings provide concrete design specifications for making hard carbon anodes and pave the way for future commercial use of sodium-ion batteries.
Researchers created a new method using 'aryne intermediates' to build complex molecules efficiently, eliminating additives and reducing waste. This breakthrough can be applied to small molecule drug discovery, antibody drug conjugates, and more, expanding the possibilities for pharmaceuticals and agrochemical development.
Wiley has expanded its spectral libraries with major updates to IR, Raman, and LC-MS collections, delivering researchers enhanced capabilities for faster and more confident compound identification. The expansion brings over 9.5 million high-quality spectra, including 1 million IR spectra and 161,000 Raman spectra.
Researchers at MIT used CT scans to study 5,000-year-old slag waste from an ancient site in Iran, revealing fine details about structures within the pieces. The technique complements traditional methods of studying ancient artifacts, shedding light on materials used and technological sophistication of early metallurgists.
The study definitively resolves the controversy by capturing complete two-dimensional snapshots of electron spin and orbital shape on the Au(111) Shockley surface state. The experiment unambiguously confirms the Rashba effect, establishing a robust reference dataset for spin-resolved photoemission.
This book highlights novel synthesis techniques for next-generation nanomaterials, advancing innovations in catalysis, energy storage, environmental sustainability, and biomedical engineering. It provides essential insights into how nanoscale engineering is transforming multiple sectors.
A team of researchers from University of Toronto Engineering designed a new material that is both very light and extremely strong, even at temperatures up to 500 Celsius. This composite material has a structure mimicking reinforced concrete on a microscopic scale, providing improved strength and resistance to heat degradation.
A team of researchers at Tohoku University has successfully created and electrically controlled triple quantum dots in zinc oxide (ZnO), a promising material for quantum computing. This breakthrough opens a new pathway to exploring complex quantum behaviors and developing potential architectures for quantum computation.
Researchers developed a metal phthalocyanine compound to modify the magnesium metal surface, reducing charge transfer barriers and promoting uniform ion transport. This work provides new insights into interface design for other metal-based batteries.
This review analyzes multi-physics phenomena in metal additive manufacturing, leveraging machine learning to optimize quality attributes like defect suppression and geometric fidelity. Machine learning-driven real-time closed-loop control is also explored for full-process regulation.
Verallia and Penn State collaborate to test LionGlass, a new family of glass with reduced carbon footprint and enhanced durability. The partnership aims to lower energy consumption and eliminate carbon-based raw materials.
The EU-funded INNOVATILE project aims to reduce the environmental impact of ceramic tile manufacturing through innovative technology, targeting a 10-20% decrease in raw material and water consumption. The project also focuses on using secondary raw materials and replacing critical resources with alternative resources.
Researchers at the Institute of Advanced Materials aim to develop sustainable, high-performance lead-free memristors for neuromorphic computing. The MemSusPer project seeks to improve perovskite layer properties and test new materials for enhanced electrical conductivity.
Researchers used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how polyamides adhere to alumina surfaces, finding that adhesion strength depends on polymer chemistry and surface termination. The study offers practical design guidelines for selecting surface treatments and polymer types, enabling the creation of stronger, lighter joints.
Researchers discovered a new optical principle to amplify light in water using non-harmonic two-color femtosecond laser excitation. This breakthrough achieves a 1,000-fold enhancement in broadband white-light output and unlocks advances in bioimaging and ultrafast spectroscopy.
Rice University researchers outline emerging solutions to make graphite production cleaner and more resilient, including synthetic graphite from renewable sources. The study emphasizes the critical role of graphite in energy storage technologies and the need for sustainable supply chain management.
Kono recognized for his contributions to optical physics, light-condensed matter interactions and photonic applications of nanosystems. His research explores how light interacts with materials at the nanoscale, potentially leading to new technologies in electronics and quantum communication.
Materials scientists at the University of Minnesota have discovered a way to control tiny 'flaws' inside ultra-thin materials, giving them new properties. The study found that patterned regions can achieve up to 1,000 times higher density of extended defects than unpatterned areas.
Researchers at Rice University have discovered that light can trigger a physical shift in atomic lattice, creating tunable behavior and properties in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials. This effect could advance technologies using light instead of electricity, such as faster computer chips and ultrasensitive sensors.
Researchers developed a gel-like material that mimics the softness and microstructure of slow-twitch muscle tissue, successfully cultivating cells with genetic and metabolic traits of slow-twitch fibers. The technology has far-reaching implications for regenerative medicine, drug screening, and muscle transplantation therapies.