Articles tagged with Atomic Structure
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The TEAM 0.5 microscope has achieved unprecedented image resolution of half a ten-billionth of a meter, enabling the precise localization of individual atoms in three dimensions. This capability is made possible by advanced technologies such as ultra-stable electronics and aberration correction.
German researchers have developed a new class of inorganic ionic conductor materials with a structure analogous to the mineral argyrodite. These materials exhibit unusually high lithium mobility, which is essential for enhancing the performance of rechargeable batteries.
Researchers at UCLA have modeled the structure of large cellular particles, known as vaults, which may function in innate immunity. The study proposes ways to engineer these particles for targeted release of drugs.
Researchers at the London Centre for Nanotechnology discovered that even perfect structure in high-dielectric constant materials can lead to 'self-trapping' of charges, which affects device performance. This new understanding could open the way to suppressing undesirable characteristics in these materials.
Researchers used state-of-the-art techniques to recreate an ancient human protein, tracing its evolution and discovering how it acquired a crucial new function. By analyzing the protein's atomic structure, scientists identified seven key historical mutations that recaptured the protein's present-day response to cortisol.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory successfully trapped radium atoms in a magneto-optical trap, leveraging the unexpected help of room temperature blackbody radiation. This achievement marks a significant milestone in studying time-reversal violation and has implications for physics beyond the Standard Model.
Researchers have discovered that Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and type 2 diabetes share a common molecular mechanism, involving amyloid fibrils with a universal 'molecular zipper' structure. This finding could lead to new diagnostic tools and treatment options through 'structure-based drug design'.
Researchers have identified a lack of precise methods for studying nanostructured materials' atomic arrangements, dubbed the 'nanostructure problem.' A comprehensive solution requires coordination among multiple experimental methods and theory.
Researchers find that shared protons vibrate between molecules as local oscillators, creating distinct vibrational patterns associated with the bridging proton. The study reveals how the chemical properties of tethered molecules affect proton localization.
Virginia Tech researcher Yong Xu seeks to create an optical microscope that can image nanostructures at one nanometer resolution, a breakthrough in arranging atoms on the molecular scale. Observing the vacuum field at this resolution could help solve quantum electrodynamics' remaining mysteries.
Researchers at NIST have developed a technique that uses noise patterns in ultracold atoms to reveal hidden structural patterns, including spacing between atoms and cloud size. This method has the potential to aid in designing more efficient quantum computers.
Researchers have unveiled the size-dependent evolution of structural and electronic structural motifs of gold nanoclusters. The experiments show near perfect agreement pertaining to the cluster structures occurring in the experiments, which is crucial for understanding their behavior as nanocatalysts or in medical applications.
Physicists at the Max Planck Institute have discovered a way to arrange randomly deposited atoms in regular patterns, mimicking the behavior of sheep in a pen. By adjusting substrate temperature and parameters, they created circular fencing that guides adatoms into ordered structures.
Researchers at UC Davis and Virginia Tech successfully created an egg-shaped fullerene, or 'buckyegg', which opens up new possibilities for structures of fullerenes. The unexpected discovery was made by collaborating scientists who used special conditions to create a mixture of fullerenes with triterbium nitride inside.
Scientists at NIST have developed a technique to move a single atom between two positions on a crystal surface using an electron beam. The method improved our understanding of the science behind atomic switching and allows for spatial mapping of the probability of an electron exciting the desired atom motion.
Scientists at Harvard University have recalculated the fine structure constant, a fundamental force that governs the electromagnetic interaction between charged particles. The new value suggests that atoms are slightly looser than previously thought, with an improved measurement accuracy of six times better.
Scientists have discovered that solitons have intricate internal structures, which can affect their ability to carry a charge through organic materials. This discovery may lead to the development of molecular electronics and artificial muscles powered by solitons.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a new technique that allows them to see the polarity and smaller atoms within crystal molecules for the first time. This advancement has the potential to improve the performance of devices such as lasers, which rely on the structure of individual molecules.
Researchers have determined that gallium evens out the uneven bonds between plutonium atoms, leading to a stable high-symmetry cubic structure. The findings shed light on the nature of plutonium and improve confidence in its safety and reliability.
David Vanderbilt's work simplifies computer calculations to understand material atomic structure and create new materials. His methods have broad applications in physics, chemistry, and engineering.
Researchers at Ohio State University have calculated the structure of CH5+, a molecule known as 'the scrambler,' which has hyperactive atoms and a unique spectrum. The team's work provides new insights into the molecule's properties and may help astronomers identify its presence in interstellar clouds.
Brown University researchers have created a directly pumped silicon laser by altering its atomic structure using nanoscale drilling. The achievement opens up new possibilities for the electronics and communications industries, enabling faster and more powerful computers or fiber optic networks.
Researchers from UT Southwestern and international partners discovered metal-containing compounds that inhibit HIV protease with low concentrations and stability. These compounds may be effective against resistant strains of the virus.
Rutgers chemists invent variant of room temperature ionic liquids to overcome viscosity barrier, enabling safer and more efficient industrial processes. The new chemicals could be used in industries such as chemical manufacturing, electroplating, and radioactive waste handling.
Researchers at Purdue University have shown how to use multi-walled carbon nanotubes as measuring tips in atomic force microscopes. The tubes' shape allows them to penetrate nano-structures, but they often stick due to van der Waals' forces. To overcome this, the team found that adjusting operating parameters can prevent artifacts and ...
Cornell researchers identified a peptide that may play a role in interrupting the interface between CD4 and HIV-AIDS. The findings mark a major step toward designing drugs that could inhibit processes related to certain diseases.
Scientists have made significant progress in predicting protein structures using computers. The Rosetta program uses a two-step process to generate energy calculations and select the lowest energy shape as prediction. This approach has achieved almost atomic resolution in structure prediction for about one-third of small proteins.
The novel material combines diamond's hardness with nanotubes' strength, offering potential applications in wear-resistant coatings, fuel cells, and electronic devices. The researchers developed a process to synthesize the material at the nanoscale, paving the way for fundamental advances in nanostructured carbon materials.
Research by Johns Hopkins physicists reveals that atomic-scale surfaces exhibit drastically different friction and adhesion forces due to their unique structures. The findings have significant implications for the development of nanotechnology, which could lead to improved device performance and functionality.
Moss's work on local structure of alloys led to the development of Krivoglaz-Clapp-Moss theory, redefining alloy studies. He continues to study atomic structure of alloys to understand phase stability and properties.
Researchers used structural biology to compare viral structures, discovering that some viruses share the same protein structure as the immune system. This finding suggests that viral building blocks may have served as precursors for the evolution of the immune system.
The University of Utah has received a $3.5 million grant from the Department of Defense's Office of Naval Research to develop cutting-edge computer simulation methods for describing chemical reactions in complicated molecular systems. This advancement will greatly expand the application of molecular simulation techniques to new scienti...
Physicists at NIST have proven the existence of atomic chain 'anchors' with lower energy levels than inner atoms. This discovery may help scientists design one-dimensional nanostructures, such as electrical wires, with tailored electrical properties.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory witness continuous structural change in glass under pressure, contradicting long-held theories. They also observe a dense, disordered octahedral structure for the first time, with internal angles deviating from perfect geometry.
The University of Manchester has developed a new technique that allows scientists to study protein molecules in complete detail, doubling the number of visible atoms compared to current methods. This breakthrough enables the creation of more effective medicines by targeting specific proteins.
Researchers at UCSC have made new insights into the atomic interactions underlying zirconium tungstate's negative thermal expansion. The team found a combination of geometrical frustration and unusual atomic motions are likely important to this phenomenon.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have discovered a way to build a molecular 'claw' that can grab onto arsenic and sequester it, potentially leading to improved treatments for arsenic poisoning. The molecules developed by the team are known as chelators, which enable them to trap and immobilize heavy metal atoms like arsenic.
Dr. Paul Ribbe will be honored with a symposium for his significant advances in the crystallography of feldspars, which led to the creation of definitive work on mineralogy. The symposium features keynote addresses from internationally recognized scientists and explores the 'micro to macro' approach pioneered by Ribbe.
Martin Saunders will receive the James Flack Norris Award for his seminal contributions to NMR spectroscopy, structures, and rearrangements of carbocations. He developed new methods for studying these highly reactive species, allowing him to discover detailed mechanisms and rates of rapid rearrangement reactions.
The study identifies special bonding states at silicon / silicon dioxide interfaces, which can be observed due to the structure of a (111)-terminated silicon crystal. Nonlinear-optical spectroscopy provides high interfacial sensitivity, allowing for detailed analysis of oxidation processes.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a new method to create branched nanostructures by combining quantum dots and segmented nanorods. These structures can be tailored for various electronic applications, including quantum computing and artificial photosynthesis.
Engineers have used X-rays to study how atoms rearrange themselves in ferroelectric materials as they switch between electrical pulses. As the material fatigues, progressively larger areas cease working, suggesting that the atoms' switching ability decreases over time.
Astronomers using the Very Large Telescope have secured new data that provide the strongest constraints to date on the possible variation of the fine-structure constant. The study shows no evidence for a time-dependent change in this fundamental constant, contradicting previous claims.
Researchers have made significant discoveries in controlling friction at the nanometer scale, developing more resilient network architectures, and precisely manipulating millions of atoms. These advancements hold promise for improving nanoengineering applications and enhancing our understanding of fundamental mechanisms.
Scientists have demonstrated a type of magnetic behavior predicted over 50 years ago using a classical physics approach, bridging the gap between quantum and classical approaches. The study involves molecular magnets with special internal structures, which can produce new phenomena like Néel excitation.
Researchers at Carnegie Institution's Geophysical Laboratory have created a super-hard form of graphite that can rival diamond in strength. The new material was made by subjecting graphite to extreme pressures and studying its atomic structure using high-intensity X-rays.
The researchers successfully grew extremely long and straight single-walled carbon nanotubes by heating samples quickly, achieving lengths of over 2 millimeters. This breakthrough could enable the creation of billionths-of-a-meter scale electronic circuitry and opens up new possibilities for nanoelectrical components.
Researchers have successfully created a giant self-assembled liquid crystal lattice using hundreds of thousands of highly branched molecules. The structure, which consists of discrete microscopic spheres linked together, has a repeat unit size comparable to spherical virus particles isolated from plants.
Scientists have developed a new technique called COBRA to study the structure of thin films at an atomic level, revealing surprising alignment between film and substrate atoms. The technique provides precise information on atomic positions within films and their interactions with substrates.
Researchers discovered that the Tryptophan cage protein, composed of 20 amino acids, folds into its three-dimensional shape at an unprecedented rate. The protein achieves this in just four-millionths of a second, beating any other protein by about four times.
Researchers discovered a molecular phase when a cluster of atoms develops into a solid structure, revealing the smallest size of functional molecules. The study also suggests a limit on the tiniest size that electrically conductive molecules can be constructed.
The University of Michigan researchers have successfully cooled a single atom to near absolute zero using laser cooling, a crucial step toward scaling up trapped atom computers. The proposal outlines a 'quantum charge-coupled device' architecture that could be used for large-scale quantum computing.
An international team observed ferromagnetism in one-dimensional cobalt chains, which exhibit both short- and long-range magnetic order. The chains' localized orbital magnetic moments are much larger than those in thin films or bulk crystals, opening up new possibilities for nanoscale magnetic structures.
Theoretical physicist Peter Feibelman found that water molecules dissociate near the surface, forming a 3-D ice cube instead of a puckered hexagon. This discovery explains why a flat water layer exists on metal surfaces, which has implications for micro- and nanotechnology.,
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have discovered that carbon nanotubes can store more energy than conventional graphite electrodes, potentially leading to longer-lasting batteries. The study found that carbon nanotubes can contain roughly twice the energy density of graphite.
Researchers at Penn and Illinois have created nanoscale peapods that exhibit tunable electronic properties. By manipulating encapsulated molecules, they can engineer electron motion inside nanotubes in a predictable way.
Researchers have found that encapsulating molecules within carbon nanotubes can dramatically modify their electronic properties. This discovery could lead to the design of single-molecule-based devices and hybrid nanostructures with tailored electronic functions.
Researchers found that tiny holes etched in silicon chips can move and align themselves with increased heat, leading to more energy-efficient configurations. This knowledge could help lead to smaller, more precise silicon chips for computers and other devices.
Sandia researchers successfully created the first controllable 2D nanopatterns, which can be used to fine-tune device characteristics of self-assembling nanostructures. The breakthrough provides insight into how nature creates ordered patterns and enables humans to replicate it for fabricating specialized materials.
A team of Virginia Tech chemists and colleagues have created a family of fullerene molecules that break the sacrosanct isolated-pentagon rule. The new structure has only 68 carbon atoms, which are stabilized by three metal atoms, allowing for a molecular cluster of four atoms to be encapsulated.