Articles tagged with Atoms
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers reveals that silicon carbide's grain boundaries are susceptible to radiation-induced segregation, affecting the material's chemistry. This discovery could aid in fine-tuning ceramic materials for high-tech applications like nuclear energy and jet engines.
Researchers at MPIE and RUB have found that anharmonicity and segregation affect interstitial ordering in Fe-C steels. The study's findings suggest a critical concentration range for the order-disorder transition, which can be precisely calculated using specific binding energy and defect information.
Researchers at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics found clear quantum interference in the H + HD reaction, verifying that Nature plays dice. The study reveals a new roaming mechanism, which occurs only 0.3% of the time, and highlights the complexity of chemical reactions.
Researchers from ITMO University developed a new statistical analysis method to determine the size of atoms with high accuracy. This approach enables precise data on intermolecular interactions, crucial for assessing drug-protein binding and molecular structure.
Excess electrons can shatter carbon-fluorine bonds in PFAS, breaking them down into by-products that may accelerate the process. The discovery offers a potential method to tackle widespread contamination of water supplies across America.
Researchers have developed a method to synthesize one-handed chiral rotaxanes, which can selectively bind to gold atoms and catalyze chemical reactions. This breakthrough enables the creation of single-handed chiral molecules, addressing potential issues with pharmaceutical drug efficacy.
Scientists have created a conducting boundary with zero bandgap in hexagonal boron nitride sheets by stacking ultrathin sheets in a particular way. This discovery could lead to the development of new all-hBN or all 2D nanoelectronic devices.
Scientists at the University of Bristol discovered that carbon chains can form helical shapes dependent on their length, with even-numbered chains adopting fusilli-like structures and odd-numbered chains forming floppy spaghetti-like shapes. The researchers controlled the shape by inserting methyl substituents along the chain.
Researchers from Tokyo Tech and ERATO Japan Science and Technology have synthesized clusters of gallium in solution, demonstrating the effects of changing atom numbers on cluster properties. The study shows that structural changes can be induced in superatoms, enabling the design and preparation of new building blocks.
Researchers at the University of Otago have successfully trapped and cooled three individual atoms, allowing them to observe previously unseen complex atomic interactions. This breakthrough has significant implications for future quantum technologies, including the potential to build and control single molecules of particular chemicals.
Researchers developed a method to retain boron units during C-C couplings, expanding the range of industrial boron compounds. The new process enables sequential incorporation of building blocks and potential future use in pharmaceutical production.
A research team from UK and Germany has successfully recorded the dynamic behavior of a metal-metal bond in dirhenium molecules at the atomic scale. The breakthrough uses transmission electron microscopy to film the 'walking' of atoms along a nanotube, revealing changes in bond length and strength.
Researchers successfully synthesized a graphene nanostructure with magnetic properties, fulfilling a decades-old prediction. The structure's high exchange coupling energy enables stable spin-based logic operations at room temperature.
Researchers at Chinese Academy of Sciences develop strategy to stabilize isolated metal atoms on oxide supports using ionic liquids as electronic stabilizer. The method improves catalytic performance and dispersion state of Pt1 and Pd1 catalysts.
A team of researchers has confirmed that distinctive geometric shapes and irregular amorphous structures can be identified mathematically in atomic clusters. The new method provides insights into the structural properties and potential forces between atoms, enabling more effective engineering of nanoparticles for specific applications.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals new bonding configurations for nitrogen and oxygen atoms in graphene. Researchers found that oxygen atoms can form three bonds with carbon neighbors, contradicting the traditional understanding of their bonding behavior.
Researchers successfully simulated high-temperature superconductivity in cuprate materials using the Hubbard model, a decades-old representation of electron behavior. The study suggests that tweaking electron hopping patterns can toggle superconductivity on and off, offering a promising step towards producing controlled superconductors.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have successfully incorporated individual metal atoms into a surface, enabling precise control over their chemical behavior. This breakthrough enables the creation of more efficient catalysts for environmentally friendly processes.
A research team at Tokyo Institute of Technology successfully synthesized atomically flat oxidized borophene sheets through a simple solution-based method. The resulting material exhibits anisotropic conducting behavior, with different conductivity types depending on current flow direction.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have mapped how electronegativity and electron configuration change under pressure, enabling quick predictions about element behavior. The study reveals new possibilities for suggesting experiments to improve understanding of elements.
Researchers have successfully created molecular nanocages with unprecedented properties using gold atoms as a binding agent. The gold-bonded cages exhibit chemical and thermal stability while being sensitive to acidity, making them ideal for biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery.
Researchers at the University of Leeds have created a new form of gold that is just two atoms thick, making it the thinnest unsupported gold ever created. The ultra-thin gold material has been shown to be 10 times more efficient as a catalytic substrate than traditional gold nanoparticles.
The University of Tokyo researchers modeled the amyloid beta sheets causing Alzheimer's disease and found that atoms too far apart can still influence each other through electron neighborhoods. This discovery may help predict the true structure and behavior of molecules based on their chemical sequence.
A team of Kiel University chemists built the first artificial molecular assembler, which uses light as the energy source. The system combines selective binding, accurate positioning, and active release of the product, solving the 'sticky fingers' problem.
Researchers study thiolate-protected gold-silver alloys, revealing intra-cluster and inter-cluster metal exchange that affects cluster stability and geometric structure. This understanding is crucial for harnessing novel physical and chemical properties of these clusters.
Penn State researchers have discovered a way to control substrate defects to improve the quality of 2D materials, enabling wafer-scale growth. The new method uses hexagonal boron nitride as a surface to orient transition metal dichalcogenides in a preferred direction.
Researchers at the University of Otago successfully interact two individual atoms in a controlled setting, showcasing potential for new quantum technologies. This achievement represents a significant step towards creating robust entanglement technology.
Researchers have found that extreme pressure and temperature conditions can create a state in which atoms form both solid and liquid structures. This new state, known as the chain-melted state, has been discovered in several elements, including potassium, sodium, and bismuth.
Researchers at University of California, Irvine, have produced the first images of a molecule's normal modes of vibration using light focused down to an atom's size. This breakthrough enables direct visualization of individual atoms vibrating within a molecule.
Scientists have successfully synthesized a 32-gold atom nanocluster with a core of 12 atoms surrounded by a shell of 20 atoms, demonstrating unusual stability. The cluster's geometry and electronic structure rely heavily on interactions with ligands, particularly amido and phosphine groups.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a theory explaining why monolayer crystal islands align on vicinal substrates, allowing for large-scale growth of 2D materials like graphene and h-BN. The 'digital filter' mechanism helps to overcome small indentations in the steps, enabling seamless merging of the crystals.
Researchers produce a colorless liquid reservoir of metal-like discrete platinum atoms with high catalytic activity and stability, offering potential for reducing Pt consumption in the silicone industry. The scalable preparation method shields individual Pt atoms with hydrochlorides and docks them in the liquid through oxygen atoms.
The Kanazawa University team has streamlined the synthesis of beta-gamma unsaturated ketones by reacting an aldehyde directly with an alcohol in the presence of two catalysts. This efficient route eliminates the need for expensive pre-activation and produces only water as a by-product.
Researchers build a 2D nanosheet and link it together to form a stable 3D 'butterfly-shaped' palladium cluster with potential industrial applications. The cluster's unique shape is stabilized by chemical linkers, enabling precise control of its function.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have identified the structure of iridium single-atom catalysts, leading to a 25-fold increase in efficiency compared to traditional catalysts. The study's findings pave the way for designing more cost-efficient and effective catalysts.
The researchers have produced a catalog of exact sizes and shapes of holes that form in 2-D sheets when atoms are missing from the material's crystal lattice. This new catalog could help open up various potential applications, including filtration, chemical processing, DNA sequencing and quantum computing.
Researchers from Osaka City University have developed a quantum algorithm capable of performing full configuration interaction calculations for any open shell molecules in polynomial time, overcoming the exponential explosion challenge. This breakthrough enables practical applications of quantum computers in chemistry and physics.
Researchers use computational chemistry to explore interactions between organic molecules and surfaces, gaining insights into designing patterned surfaces for next-generation semiconductors. High-performance computing enables simulations of molecular dynamics, revealing new phenomena and improving the understanding of chemical reactions.
Researchers at EPFL have successfully controlled a chemical reaction just above absolute zero by manipulating atomic orientation and energies. The study has significant implications for understanding fundamental chemistry models.
Researchers at the Technical University of Munich have created a heterometallic copper-aluminum superatom that exhibits atomic properties. The discovery paves the way for the development of new, cost-effective catalysts for various chemical processes.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a method to synthesize multimetallic clusters with precise control of size and composition, opening up new possibilities for advanced functional materials. The team successfully formed clusters composed of up to six metal elements, including platinum.
A team of Harvard researchers has created a system to represent and classify band structures in materials, allowing for the prediction of their properties. This breakthrough can aid in designing new materials with specific electronic properties, such as topological insulators, which have potential applications in quantum computing.
UCLA researchers have discovered a chemical reaction that uses non-classical carbocations to convert alkanes from petroleum waste into more chemically useful compounds. The finding introduces new ways to break apart strong bonds in alkanes and has practical potential for processing unwanted waste products.
Researchers have found that boron-based nanoclusters exhibit highly stable and symmetric structures with interesting magnetic properties, making them potential molecular magnets or assembled into magnetic nanowires. The study also sheds light on the structure and chemical bonding of bulk boron lanthanides.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a solid catalyst for a major chemical reaction, reducing waste and increasing efficiency by 20 times compared to traditional soluble catalysts. The new palladium-carbon-nitrogen material is more stable and cost-effective, making it suitable for commercial-scale production.
Scientists have discovered a new method for combining atoms into shape-shifting molecules, enabling the creation of novel materials and drugs with unique properties. This breakthrough builds upon past discoveries of isomerism, paving the way for the development of countless new compounds.
A team of physicists has successfully imaged individual impurity atoms in graphene ribbons using atomic force microscopy. The technique allowed them to identify boron and nitrogen atoms, expanding graphene's properties for applications like transistors and circuits.
Scientists have successfully trapped and manipulated two individual sodium and cesium atoms using optical tweezers, resulting in the creation of a new sodium-cesium molecule. This technique enables precise control over chemical reactions, paving the way for studying complex molecules and designer molecules for quantum applications.
Chemists at JMU successfully generate solid compounds with twisted boron-boron double bonds, resulting in unusually stable biradicals that can be studied without rushing.
Researchers at TU Wien create nanostructures made of previously impossible material by incorporating high proportions of foreign atoms into crystals. This results in new materials with significantly altered properties, including potential applications in optoelectronics and microelectronics.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have identified a new electrocatalyst that efficiently converts carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, a highly energetic molecule. Single nickel atoms were found to catalyze the reaction with up to 97% efficiency, paving the way for recycling CO2 for usable energy and chemicals.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have successfully funded a project to develop boron polymers with unique properties. The team, led by Holger Braunschweig, aims to create efficient synthetic strategies to form stable boron chains, paving the way for a new class of materials.
A French and Japanese research group developed a new way to turn AFM measurements into clear color images, enabling observation of materials and substances like alloys, semiconductors, and chemical compounds. The newly developed method holds promise for becoming widely used in the research and development of surfaces and devices.
Researchers from RUDN University analyzed the chemical bonds that shape proteins using sulfur and other elements from the 16th group of the periodic table. They discovered how these atoms form noncovalent chemical bonds, which play a crucial role in protein folding and biological systems.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have discovered a stable tri-anion particle, made of boron and beryllium and cyanogen, which could be used in aluminum ion batteries. The discovery was recognized as a VIP paper by Angewandte Chemie and has potential applications in various industries.
UCLA physicists pioneer method to create unique new molecule that violates the octet rule, which describes chemical reactions. The study uses ultra-cold temperatures and tools from physics to observe properties of atoms and molecules, paving way for controlling chemistry.
Researchers have discovered a new chemical method to incorporate graphene into various applications, maintaining its unique properties. The method allows for the attachment of nanomaterials without distorting graphene's arrangement, enabling integration with other systems.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science have developed a method to overcome the fundamental limit on particle density in atomic and molecular-beam experiments. By cooling skimmers to lower temperatures, they significantly reduced shockwaves and increased beam density, enabling more interesting chemical reactions.
Researchers developed a new methodology to calculate theoretical spectra for atoms and molecules in strong magnetic fields exhibited by up to one-fifth of white dwarfs. This work sheds light on the presence of oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, carbon, and carbon-containing compounds in these collapsed stars.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a method to create nanoparticles with dysprosium atoms that can be magnetised and maintain their magnetic information. The scientists are now looking to stabilise the magnetisation at higher temperatures and longer periods of time.