Articles tagged with Cosmic Rays
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Astronomers have long sought the launch sites for high-energy protons in our galaxy, and NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has confirmed that a supernova remnant is just such a place. The shock waves of exploded stars boost particles to speeds comparable to light, producing a tell-tale glow in gamma rays.
Researchers used microwaves from the cosmic microwave background to measure dark matter distribution around distant galaxies. The findings suggest a different clumpiness measurement than predicted by the Lambda-CDM model, hinting at a possible flaw in the current cosmology theories.
An international research team has shed light on the origin of neutrinos, shedding new evidence that blazars can be confidently associated with astrophysical neutrinos. The study utilizes neutrino data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and BZCat catalogue to establish a connection between high-energy neutrinos and galactic nuclei.
A team of scientists led by Clemson University's Marco Ajello has provided conclusive evidence that astrophysical neutrinos come from blazars, which are powerful black holes. This breakthrough resolves the long-standing question about the origin of high-energy cosmic rays.
Fossils found in the 'Cradle of Humankind' in South Africa are estimated to be between 3.4 and 3.7 million years old, making them older than previously thought. This new age range places these fossils at the beginning of the Australopithecus era, challenging previous theories that they were near the end.
Fossils from Sterkfontein Caves in South Africa reveal nearly four million years of hominin evolution. The new ages of Australopithecus-bearing deposits place the South African hominins as contemporaries of other early species, like Australopithecus afarensis, in east Africa.
A team of researchers has drawn new limits on the existence of long theorized magnetic monopoles by combining cosmic rays with particle accelerators. By re-analyzing data from previous experimental searches, they identified novel limits on monopoles across a wide range of masses.
Research team from Goethe University reproduces Asian monsoon conditions in experimental chamber, identifying increased aerosol particle formation. The study found that ice clouds can form under lower water vapour supersaturation than anticipated, affecting climate models' accuracy.
The cosmic time synchronizer uses cosmic rays from deep space to detect specific signatures, allowing devices to synchronize their clocks accurately. This technology has the potential to fill gaps in current time synchronization methods, particularly in remote or underwater locations.
Physicists are using a deposit of nearly pure argon, extracted from southwest Colorado, to search for answers about the universe's dark matter. The argon is separated from carbon dioxide and shipped to Italy for use in the DarkSide-20k detector.
The MAGIC telescopes detected gamma rays with energies of 250 gigaelectronvolts from the RS Ophiuchi nova, a hundred billion times more energetic than visible light. This suggests that nova outbursts are a source of cosmic rays, specifically accelerated protons and nuclei of hydrogen atoms.
A new undersea detector has successfully detected a mild tsunami in Tokyo Bay using the power of muons and cosmic rays. This innovative system uses sensitive detectors to measure changes in ocean swells, providing accurate data for early warning systems and potentially revolutionizing tsunami monitoring.
The project will develop a better understanding of nuclear radiation by integrating recent mathematical developments into radiation transport modelling. This will lead to improved nuclear safety, cancer radiotherapy, and shielding for astronauts from cosmic rays.
A team of astrophysicists has discovered a new method to measure the cosmic microwave background radiation's temperature at an early epoch of the universe. By observing HFLS3, a massive starburst galaxy, they found a cold water cloud that casts a shadow on the microwave radiation, revealing the Big Bang's relic temperature.
A recent study by Dr. Henrik Svensmark and colleagues reveals a close connection between supernovae occurrence and the burial of organic matter in sediments on Earth. The correlation indicates that supernovae are essential for life's existence, with high nutrient concentrations leading to increased bioproductivity and oxygen production.
Researchers from DTU Space and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem found that solar eruptions reduce cosmic ray flux, leading to reduced aerosol production and decreased cloud cover. This results in an increase in the Earth's energy budget by almost 2 W/m2 within 4-6 days.
Researchers at Skoltech have identified a favorable window of opportunity for manned Mars missions in the mid-2030s. The study suggests that launching during the decaying phase of solar activity can help shield astronauts from cosmic rays, allowing for longer flight durations.
A research team from Kyoto University assessed eight flight routes during five ground level enhancements to evaluate the risks of solar particle events. The study found that the maximum flight route dose and dose rate arising from major GLE events would need to exceed 1.0 mSv and 80 µSv/h, respectively, for countermeasures to be deemed...
Recent studies suggest that cosmic rays, originating from supernova remnants and pulsars, have a significant impact on galactic dynamics and star formation. The streaming instability triggered by cosmic rays in the interstellar medium can create plasma waves that heat and scatter gas, influencing the formation of planets and stars.
Cosmic rays play a critical role in the final stages of supernovae explosions, allowing for a bigger impact on surrounding interstellar gas. The study suggests that these particles can give an extra push to the gas, increasing momentum by up to 4-6 times.
Measurements of iron spectrum in cosmic rays reveal that hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen nuclei travel through the galaxy similarly, but iron arrives differently. The findings provide a measurement of the galaxy structure and particle propagation through observations of element abundances and energy spectra.
A new study suggests that carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen cosmic rays travel through the galaxy toward Earth in a similar way, but iron arrives differently. Scientists believe this could indicate unique sources or propagation methods for different elements.
Groundbreaking algorithms developed for MicroBooNE detector filter out cosmic ray tracks, pinning down elusive neutrino interactions. This work demonstrates crucial ability to eliminate cosmic ray backgrounds, critical for future U.S. neutrino research program.
The LHAASO observatory detected 12 Ultra-high Energy gamma-ray sources, prompting the presence of active or recent PeVatrons. The team identified possible candidates, including pulsar wind nebulae and supernova remnants.
A team of researchers from the University of Notre Dame developed a simulation model to better understand cosmic ray transport characteristics and improve detection techniques.
LHAASO's discovery opens up an era for UHE gamma astronomy, prompting scientists to rethink high-energy particle acceleration and propagation mechanisms. The observatory detected 12 stable gamma ray sources with energies up to 1 PeV, revealing the Milky Way is full of PeVatrons.
The Interstellar Probe mission aims to study how our Sun interacts with the local interstellar medium and learn more about the formation and evolution of the heliosphere. The probe will take 'images' of the heliosphere using energetic neutral atoms and observe extragalactic background light, shedding new light on the region.
Researchers detect first evidence of ultrahigh-energy gamma rays spread across the Milky Way, providing proof of cosmic ray superaccelerators. The discovery confirms the existence of PeVatrons and opens new avenues for understanding cosmic ray origins.
Research suggests star clusters like Cygnus Cocoon can accelerate particles to petaelectronvolts, defying supernova theory. Theoretical models propose proton acceleration and search for lower-energy counterpart emission using NASA telescopes.
The HAWC Gamma Ray Observatory has discovered the origin of the highest-energy cosmic rays in the galaxy, which are traced to the Cygnus OB2 star-forming region. This breakthrough resolves a long-standing question in astrophysics and sheds light on the mechanisms that accelerate these particles to petaelectronVolt energies.
The Tibet ASgamma experiment has discovered gamma rays beyond 100 TeV from a supernova remnant, suggesting that cosmic-ray nuclei are accelerated up to PeV energy and collide with a nearby molecular cloud. This discovery identifies the first candidate object in the Milky Way that can accelerate cosmic rays up to 1 PeV.
Researchers have detected a high-energy neutrino in the wake of a star's destruction by a black hole, providing new insights into the origins of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays. This breakthrough sheds light on decades-old problem and offers support for the conclusion that Tidal Disruption Events could be responsible for producing UHECRs.
Frank G. Schroeder, a University of Delaware assistant professor, has received the prestigious Sloan Research Fellowship to study cosmic rays. His research aims to uncover the origins of nature's highest-energy particles, which have sparked upgrades at major cosmic ray observatories.
Researchers at MIT have found that cosmic rays and low-level environmental radiation can cause decoherence in superconducting qubits, limiting their performance. This effect could limit the practicality of quantum computing within a few years, prompting scientists to explore shielding or design improvements.
Scientists use NASA data to predict heliosphere's characteristics, revealing a deflated croissant shape without a long tail. The shape of the heliosphere acts as our solar system's shield against galactic cosmic rays, protecting Earth and space travelers.
Astrophysicist Dimitra Atri's study suggests the presence of a life-supporting environment on ancient Mars due to traces of water and radiation-driven chemical reactions. The ExoMars mission may detect microbial life in this subsurface environment, providing valuable insights into the planet's habitability.
Researchers propose that cosmic rays influenced the evolution of DNA-based life on Earth, promoting one form of molecular handedness over its mirror image. This idea suggests a connection between fundamental physics and the origin of life, with potential experiments to test their hypothesis.
A new ground-based GCR Simulator developed by NASA enables the simultaneous study of mixed-field ions and their effects on human tissues. This breakthrough reduces animal testing costs and accelerates understanding of health risks faced by astronauts.
Scientists using ALMA detected chemical signatures of acetonitrile and its rare isotopomer in Titan's stratosphere, indicating the presence of galactic cosmic rays. The findings suggest a universal process that could influence atmospheres on other solar system bodies.
Researchers have identified nine galactic sources of super-high-energy gamma rays with energies over 56 trillion electron volts, three of which emit gamma rays extending to 100 TeV and beyond. These discoveries help explain where high-energy particles originate and how they are accelerated.
Scientists discovered stardust formed 5 to 7 billion years ago, the oldest solid material ever found on Earth. The presolar grains, trapped in meteorites, reveal a 'baby boom' of enhanced star formation 7 billion years ago.
The discovery of a faint gamma-ray 'halo' around Geminga, a nearby pulsar, may hold the solution to a long-standing mystery about the amount of antimatter in our neighborhood. The halo's size and energy suggest that it could be responsible for as much as 20% of high-energy positrons detected by NASA's Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.
A new warning system, WASAVIES, can estimate radiation doses due to solar energetic particles (SEP) up to 100 km above the ground in real-time. This system enables aircrew radiation dose monitoring and provides information for aviation operation management.
Researchers have measured pressure at the edge of the solar system for the first time, finding it to be greater than expected. The pressure, caused by plasma, magnetic fields and particles like ions and cosmic rays, was calculated using observations of galactic cosmic rays from NASA's Voyager spacecraft.
The CREDO project combines data from various detectors, including smartphone cameras, to study the impact of cosmic radiation on health and potential relationships between earthquakes and cosmic ray flux. Researchers aim to verify hypotheses about these phenomena.
Scientists analyze NASA's Fermi data to understand cosmic rays and the lunar environment. The research shows the Moon's gamma-ray glow varies by 20% over the Sun's 11-year activity cycle, with implications for future human missions.
The IceCube neutrino detector is receiving a $37 million upgrade to expand its scientific capabilities. The new strings will enable more precise studies of neutrino oscillation properties and better characterization of the ice around detectors, helping to reveal additional sources of high-energy neutrinos.
The Tibet ASgamma experiment has discovered the highest energy gamma rays ever observed from an astrophysical source, exceeding 450 TeV. The most energetic gamma rays were produced by interaction between high-energy electrons and cosmic microwave background radiation.
During the Earth's last geomagnetic reversal, high-energy particles from space increased cloud cover, leading to stronger winter monsoons in Siberia. This suggests that galactic cosmic rays can influence climate changes.
Astronomers have discovered two 'galactic center chimneys' that funnel matter and energy away from the Milky Way's central black hole, which could provide clues about the rate of star production in other galaxies. The chimneys are linked to giant structures known as the Fermi bubbles, which straddle the galaxy's center.
Chinese physicists develop mathematical equations and computer simulations to model photodetachment of negative ions via photons, simulating cosmic rays' collisions with planets. The speed of a moving surface significantly affects the chances of photodetachment, with Chloride (Cl-) ions being less prone than hydrogen (H-) ions.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory found that twisted magnetic field lines in black holes create the most powerful particle accelerators in the universe. This process can accelerate electrons and protons to extreme energies, resulting in cosmic rays with unprecedented powers.
The CREDO project, a global particle detector using smartphones, has started collecting scientific data. Researchers have detected deviations from expected distributions in the raw data, which may indicate interactions between high-energy particles and space-time.
Researchers used the Murchison Widefield Array to observe radiation from cosmic rays in two neighboring galaxies, detecting areas of star formation and remnants from past supernovae. The study provides insights into the rate of star formation in these galaxies, shedding light on their unique features.
Dr. Frank Schröder will search for high-energy photons accompanying cosmic rays using a novel radio measurement technique. He aims to find the highest-energy photons ever measured at an Antarctic location.
Astronomers using NASA's NuSTAR satellite have revealed that binary star system Eta Carinae is capable of creating cosmic rays. The team observed the system and found evidence of a collision between the two stars' stellar winds, which forms shock waves and accelerates particles to nearly the speed of light.
The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) successfully measured the cosmic-ray electron spectrum in an energy range from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV, significantly improving statistical power and reducing systematic uncertainties. The findings will aid in understanding high-energy cosmic rays and dark matter.
An international team, including SD Mines researchers, has found the first evidence of a source of high-energy cosmic neutrinos detected by IceCube. The blazar TXS 0506+056 is confirmed as the source, providing a pathway for scientists to follow back to the source.
Astrophysicists have localized a high-energy cosmic neutrino originating outside the Milky Way to a blazar in the Orion constellation using MAGIC telescopes and IceCube detector. The observation provides insight into the origin of cosmic rays, which are believed to be accelerated by protons in the blazar's jets.
Astronomers have identified a blazar, TXS 0506+056, as the probable source of a high-energy neutrino detected by IceCube. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) provided clues about the blazar's radio emission.