Cosmic Rays
Articles tagged with Cosmic Rays
DAMPE observes charge-dependent limit of cosmic ray acceleration
The DAMPE collaboration has directly observed charge-dependent spectral softening of five primary cosmic-ray nuclei, confirming the Peters cycle model. This observation suggests a nearby cosmic-ray accelerator with a charge-dependent energy limit, providing new insights into cosmic-ray physics.
The DAMPE satellite sheds light on the origin of cosmic rays
The DAMPE satellite has identified a universal feature in the energy spectra of primary cosmic ray nuclei, revealing that spectral softening occurs around a rigidity of about 15 TV. This observation strongly supports models explaining the acceleration and transport of cosmic rays based on their rigidity.
Safer space travel — Cosmic ray simulator at GSI/FAIR
GSI/FAIR's new Galactic Cosmic Ray simulator enables researchers to better understand radiation doses and control effects in human tissue and technical components. The simulator replicates the GCR exposure in a lightly shielded habitat, providing a crucial tool for space radiation research.
Strange cosmic burst from colliding galaxies shines light on heavy elements
Astronomers detect rare cosmic burst from colliding galaxies, which sheds light on how the universe creates heavy elements like gold and platinum. The burst, known as GRB 230906A, is believed to have been triggered by the collision of two neutron stars, releasing a flood of energy and forging heavy elements.
Tibet ASγ experiment sheds new light on cosmic rays acceleration and propagation in Milky Way
The Tibet ASγ Experiment has measured magnetohydrodynamic turbulence on scales below one parsec within the gamma-ray halo surrounding the Geminga pulsar wind nebula. The study found that particle diffusion is strongly suppressed near Geminga and the turbulent properties follow a Kolmogorov-type scaling law.
The leaking star cluster
Astronomers have detected a new gamma-ray source near Westerlund 1, a young massive star cluster in the Milky Way. The source is connected to a 'nascent outflow' of particles driven by the cluster's collective wind, creating a cavity in the interstellar medium.
LHAASO uncovers mystery of cosmic ray "knee" formation
Chinese researchers identify black holes as likely source of high-energy component of cosmic ray 'knee'. The study reveals a new 'high-energy component' in the proton energy spectrum, indicating that cosmic rays primarily originate from micro-quasars.
SwRI managed the IMAP payload set to launch this month to map the boundary of the heliosphere
The NASA IMAP mission aims to explore the boundary of the heliosphere, where solar material collides with interstellar space. The SwRI-developed CoDICE sensor will measure the distribution and composition of interstellar pickup ions.
New research suggests life could survive beneath the surface of mars and other planets using high energy particles from space
A new study from NYU Abu Dhabi found that high-energy particles from space, known as cosmic rays, could create energy needed to support life underground on planets and moons. This process, called radiolysis, can power life even in dark, cold environments with no sunlight.
Where did cosmic rays come from? MSU astrophysicists are closer to finding out
Researchers led by Shuo Zhang used multi-wavelength studies to identify pulsar wind nebulae as potential cosmic ray sources. The findings could help unlock fundamental questions in physics, such as galaxy evolution and dark matter.
Unravelling the origin of mysterious radiation
A team from Norwegian University of Science and Technology proposes that supermassive black hole winds accelerate particles to create the mysterious high-energy radiation. The winds, which can reach speeds of up to half the speed of light, may be responsible for the creation of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
Astrophysicists explore our galaxy’s magnetic turbulence in unprecedented detail using a new computer model
A new computer model simulates magnetism and turbulence in the interstellar medium, providing unprecedented detail on the Milky Way Galaxy's overall magnetic field. The model also helps understand star formation and the propagation of cosmic rays, offering insights into astrophysical phenomenon.
Scientists create optical device that mimics black holes
Researchers have designed an optical device that functions as an optical black hole or white hole, behaving like a cosmic object that either swallows or repels light. This device relies on coherent perfect absorption of light waves and offers new possibilities for manipulating light-matter interactions.
Cosmic anomaly hints at frightening future for Milky Way
Astronomers have discovered a cosmic anomaly that challenges our understanding of the universe, revealing a spiral galaxy harboring a supermassive black hole billions of times the Sun's mass. This discovery forces us to rethink how galaxies evolve and how supermassive black holes grow in them.
Muonic atoms unlock new possibilities in nuclear physics
A team at University of Queensland has made a breakthrough in muonic atom research, showing that nuclear polarisation does not limit studies of muonic atoms. The finding provides a clear path for using muonic atoms to better understand the magnetic structure of the nucleus.
Mysterious phenomenon at center of galaxy could reveal new kind of dark matter
A study published in Physical Review Letters suggests that a mysterious phenomenon at the center of our galaxy may be caused by a lighter form of dark matter. The research team detected unusual energy signatures radiating from this region, which they believe could be produced by the annihilation of tiny dark matter particles.
How do the universe’s highest-energy particles originate? Magnetic outflows stemming from star mergers, analysis concludes
New York University physicist Glennys Farrar introduces a theory explaining the origin of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays, created through Binary Neutron Star mergers. This process generates powerful magnetic outflows and gravitational waves, providing a groundbreaking tool for understanding cataclysmic events.
Senolytic ABT-263 reduces radiation-induced gastrointestinal cancer
ABT-263 eliminates harmful aging cells in the gut, reducing inflammation and lowering cancer risk in a mouse model of GI cancer. The study suggests that removing senescent cells could help prevent radiation-related GI cancer, highlighting the potential of senolytic drugs as a preventive treatment.
Small and yet so powerful
Scientists have discovered that even low-mass microquasars can accelerate particles to high energies, producing gamma-ray signals. This finding challenges the long-held belief that only high-mass systems are capable of particle acceleration.
New study unveils breakthrough in understanding cosmic particle accelerators
Scientists have come closer to understanding the acceleration of electrons in collisionless shock environments. A new study using satellite observations from NASA's MMS and THEMIS/ARTEMIS missions found that electrons can be accelerated to high energies through the interaction of multiple processes across different scales.
A new discovery about the source of the vast energy in cosmic rays
A new study published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters finds that ultra-high energy cosmic rays are accelerated by magnetic turbulence, rather than shocks. This breakthrough discovery offers insights into the origin of these powerful particles and their role in astrophysics.
How ‘Conan the Bacterium’ withstands extreme radiation
Researchers found a powerful antioxidant in Deinococcus radiodurans that combines with manganese to protect against radiation damage. The discovery could lead to synthetic antioxidants tailored for human needs, protecting astronauts and preparing for radiation emergencies.
H.E.S.S. collaboration detects the most energetic cosmic-ray electrons and positrons ever observed
The H.E.S.S. collaboration has detected the most energetic cosmic-ray electrons and positrons ever observed, with energies up to 40 TeV. This discovery provides new insights into the origin of these particles, suggesting they originate from a few sources in our solar system's vicinity.
New study reveals possible origins of dark matter in "Dark Big Bang" scenario
Researchers propose that dark matter may have originated from a separate 'Dark Big Bang,' occurring shortly after the universe's birth. The study explores possible scenarios for this new theory and determines potential observable consequences, including gravitational waves detectable by future experiments.
Interstellar methane as progenitor of amino acids?
Research finds that gamma radiation can convert methane into glycine and other complex molecules, potentially playing a role in the origin of life. The study also reveals new strategies for industrial conversion of methane under mild conditions.
WVU researcher says ancient tree rings may help Earth prepare for dangerous space weather
A WVU researcher says ancient tree rings can record rare and extreme space weather events, including geomagnetic storms. The study aims to better understand how to prepare for such events and mitigate their impact on communication satellites and astronauts.
Glimmers of antimatter to explain the "dark" part of the universe
A recent study suggests that the observation of antihelium nuclei in cosmic rays may be consistent with the existence of WIMP particles, which could make up dark matter. The detection of two distinct isotopes, antihelium-3 and -4, is particularly intriguing as heavier nuclei are unlikely to be produced through natural processes.
Probing the early universe
Researchers use high-resolution computer simulations and terabytes of data to detect faint signals from the Epoch of Reionization, providing insights into galaxy formation. The study sets an upper limit on when the EoR likely ended, offering a new parameter for scientists to work with as they continue to investigate the early universe.
Can cosmic radiation in outer space affect astronauts’ long-term cognition?
A study found that galactic cosmic radiation can cause long-lasting learning deficits in female rodents, but an antioxidant compound reduced this impact. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of radiation's long-term impact on cognitive health.
LHAASO reveals key evidence of the cosmic ray acceleration limit in the W51 complex for the first time
The LHAASO experiment reveals a 'bending' structure in the gamma-ray spectrum at tens of TeV, indicating the acceleration limit of cosmic rays in the W51 complex. The energy spectrum shows evidence of particle acceleration approaching PeV energies.
Researchers identify effective materials for protecting astronauts from harmful cosmic radiation on Mars
Researchers have identified specific materials that can effectively block harmful space radiation on Mars, including plastics, rubber, and synthetic fibers. The findings provide crucial insights for designing protective habitats and spacesuits, paving the way for safer long-duration Mars missions.
Cosmic rays illuminate the past
A team led by the Institute of Archaeological Sciences at the University of Bern has precisely dated timber from the archaeological site of Dispilio in northern Greece, dating back to 5259 BC. This is made possible by using high-energy particles from space, known as Miyake events, which can be reliably dated to this period.
Space tourists need better warnings about cosmic radiation exposure
Experts warn space tourists lack crucial information on cosmic radiation exposure risks, which could lead to DNA damage and cancer. The University of Surrey recommends regulations, international standards, and clearer information for safe space travel.
LHAASO discovers giant ultra-high-energy gamma-ray bubble, identifying the first super PeVatron
Scientists have discovered a giant ultra-high-energy gamma-ray bubble structure in the Cygnus star-forming region, indicating the presence of a super cosmic ray accelerator. The discovery is the first to reveal the origin of cosmic rays with energy higher than 10 Peta-Electronvolt.
A new kink in proton spectrum will enhance our knowledge of cosmic ray origin
The GRAPES-3 experiment detected a new kink in the cosmic-ray proton spectrum around 166 TeV energy, challenging current models. This finding suggests a re-evaluation of cosmic ray sources and acceleration mechanisms.
Astrophysical jet caught in a “speed trap”
The H.E.S.S. Observatory detected gamma-ray emission from the outer jets of SS 433, revealing a shift in energy-dependent morphology. This suggests strong shock acceleration, where high-energy particles collide with photons, producing x-ray radiation and explaining the X-ray reappearance of the jets.
New astrophysics model sheds light on additional source of long gamma-ray bursts
A new unified model confirms that some long-lasting gamma-ray bursts are created in the aftermath of cosmic mergers that spawn an infant black hole surrounded by a giant disk of natal material. The findings explain recently observed long GRBs that astronomers couldn't link to collapsing stars.
“Amaterasu” particle: a new cosmic mystery
Researchers detect ultra-high-energy cosmic ray with an energy level comparable to the 'Oh-My-God' particle, raising questions about its origins. The Amaterasu particle's unusual properties are being further investigated through upgraded experiments and next-generation observatories.
Telescope Array detects second highest-energy cosmic ray ever
The Telescope Array has detected the second-highest energy cosmic ray ever observed, with an energy equivalent to dropping a brick on your toe from waist height. The Amaterasu particle deepens the mystery of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, which may follow particle physics unknown to science.
Does spaceflight increase men’s risk of erectile dysfunction?
Research published in The FASEB Journal suggests that spaceflight can negatively affect vascular tissues, increasing the risk of erectile dysfunction. Treatment with antioxidants may help counter some effects. Functional improvements after targeted interventions suggest that erectile dysfunction may be treatable.
Investigating the contribution of gamma-ray blazar flares to neutrino flux
A study analyzed 145 blazars to understand the contribution of gamma-ray flares to neutrino emission. Researchers found that blazars with lower flare duty cycles and energy fractions are more numerous, indicating a correlation between their flare activity and neutrino production.
Study finds strongest evidence yet for local sources of cosmic ray electrons
A new study using CALET data finds evidence for nearby, young sources of cosmic ray electrons, contributing to a greater understanding of the galaxy. The study suggests that these high-energy electrons originate in supernova remnants, offering insights into the galaxy and its sources.
“A new lens” into the Universe’s most energetic particles
Researchers observed and analyzed approximately 17,000 images from the Subaru Telescope to identify 13 extensive air showers. This new method can determine individual particle types, advancing understanding of these cosmic-ray phenomena.
Scientists discover the highest energy gamma-rays ever from a pulsar
Researchers using H.E.S.S. observatory in Namibia have detected the highest energy gamma rays ever from a dead star called a pulsar, with energies reaching up to 20 tera-electronvolts. This observation challenges our previous knowledge of pulsars and requires a rethinking of how these natural accelerators work.
Inaugural solar energetic particle event detected on the surfaces of Earth, Moon, and Mars
Researchers detected a high-energy particle event on the surfaces of Earth, Moon, and Mars, marking the first Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) on three planetary bodies. The study found that future humans may face significant radiation risks during approximately one out of every five Solar Energetic Particle events.
Dead stars cast long shadows: WVU astronomer hunts for the glowing ghosts of supernovas
A WVU astronomer is searching the Milky Way for debris left behind by supernovas, with $331,170 in NSF funding. He hopes to discover new supernova remnants using radio wavelength data from telescopes and machine-learning software.
Zeus also plays billiards
A research group led by Kyoto University collected data on gamma-ray glows from thunderstorms, which may help explain the origins of lightning. The team proposes that high-energy particles from space could trigger lightning discharges.
First 'ghost particle' image of Milky Way galaxy captured by scientists
Researchers at U.S. National Science Foundation's IceCube Neutrino Observatory reveal a galactic portrait made with particles of matter, unlike any before, by determining the origin of thousands of neutrinos. The breakthrough allows for the first 'ghost particle' image of the Milky Way galaxy.
Using particle showers to scan the interior of structures
Researchers at HZDR are developing a low-cost muon detector for non-destructive condition monitoring of industrial facilities. The detector aims to reduce costs and enable long-term monitoring, with potential applications in bridge inspection and nuclear waste management.
CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) captures charge-sign dependent cosmic ray modulation
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) study found that the movement of cosmic rays is affected by the Sun's magnetic field, causing fluctuations in galactic cosmic rays reaching Earth. The research indicates that electrons are more susceptible to solar modulation than protons.
New study describes unique jet structure of brightest gamma-ray burst ever
Researchers found GRB 221009A's jet exhibited a narrow core with wide sloping wings, differing from standard jets. This unique structure may explain the event's extreme energy release and prolonged visibility.
Helium nuclei research advances our understanding of cosmic ray origin and propagation
The CALET team, including researchers from Waseda University, found that cosmic ray helium particles follow a Double Broken Power Law, indicating spectral hardening and softening in high-energy ranges. This deviation from expected power-law distribution suggests unique sources or mechanisms accelerating and propagating helium nuclei.
The ice in Antarctica has melted before
Recent research by Norwegian University of Science and Technology revealed that East Antarctica's ice sheet melted rapidly along its margins between 9,000 to 5,000 years ago. The study suggests that the less stable, rapidly flowing parts of the ice sheet were broken up more easily, leading to the ice sheet becoming much thinner within ...
The brightest explosion ever seen
The detection of GRB 221009A marks the most energetic gamma-ray burst ever observed, with a luminosity surpassing that of entire galaxies and hundreds of billions of stars. The event was followed up by space-based telescopes, including the James Webb Space Telescope, which provided insight into its properties.
Surprisingly simple explanation for the alien comet 'Oumuamua's weird orbit
Researchers Jennifer Bergner and Darryl Seligman suggest that 'Oumuamua's acceleration can be explained by the outgassing of hydrogen gas as the comet warmed up in the sunlight. The comet's small size allowed for a significant effect, with the tiny push from hydrogen spurted out of ice altering its gravitational deflection around the sun.
A persistent influence of supernovae on biodiversity
A new study finds that supernovae have a persistent influence on marine life's biodiversity, with variations in nearby exploding stars closely following changes in marine genera. Supernovae may regulate climate through cosmic rays, influencing nutrient transport and primary bioproductivity.
Waseda University researchers measure boron flux in high-energy cosmic rays with the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET)
Researchers from Waseda University measured the energy spectrum of boron and the B/C flux ratio in high-energy cosmic rays using the CALorimetric Electron Telescope. The results indicate a different spectral index for boron compared to carbon, with implications for our understanding of cosmic ray propagation mechanisms.
Citizen Science: From the cosmos to the classroom
Citizen science project EEE enables students to collect and analyze data on cosmic rays, producing secondary particles that can be detected on Earth. The network of 60 detectors across Italy allows for correlations between events hundreds of kilometers apart.
Introducing COSMOCAT
COSMOCAT proposes using cosmic rays to transport random numbers, eliminating the need to send decryption keys and enhancing local device and network security. The system can be used alongside current wireless technologies, offering faster speeds and limited distance capabilities.