Articles tagged with Crystal Structure
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Researchers at UC Riverside have solved the crystal structure of an enzyme that plays a key role in DNA methylation, a process linked to various diseases including cancer. The breakthrough provides important information for understanding de novo DNA methylation and its implications for gene expression and cell differentiation.
A team led by Chang-Beom Eom at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has directly observed a two-dimensional hole gas, a counterpart to the two-dimensional electron gas. The discovery is crucial for advancing oxide electronics materials, which could enable new concepts and applications in fields like computing and communication.
Researchers at KAIST have identified a novel molecular mechanism for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation, revealing superior degradability of PET. A new variant with enhanced PET-degrading activity was also developed using structural-based protein engineering.
Researchers have successfully synthesized cubic, semiconducting titanium nitride (Ti3N4) with excellent mechanical and wear resistance properties. The material has a larger band gap than expected and is expected to exhibit improved optoelectronic properties, making it suitable for electronic devices.
Scientists have developed a novel porous material with controlled porosity, which can store and separate molecules. This breakthrough material has the potential to improve catalysis, gas adsorption, and electronic conductivity, marking a significant turning point in various scientific fields.
Researchers from Brazil, China, and Italy developed a model to map the phases of coesite formation, a polymorph of silica that occurs under high pressure. The study uses atomic computer simulation to describe the interactions among atoms and the transformations resulting from pressure changes.
Researchers have successfully observed the inner structure of photonic crystals, a key material for controlling light beams, using ptychography. This breakthrough enables the creation of microprocessors for optical computers without destroying the crystal.
Scientists at SIMM have determined the crystal structure of the human glucagon receptor in complex with a glucagon analogue, providing insights into its activation mechanism. The study reveals significant conformational changes in the linker region and extracellular loop that facilitate peptide binding and initiate receptor activation.
Researchers describe a new, rare earth metal hydroxide compound with unique phosphor properties, potentially replacing traditional methods and reducing toxic emissions. The discovery has far-reaching implications for industrial applications and sustainable technology.
Researchers from the Institute for Basic Science synthesized four new kinds of stabilized radicals with ferromagnetic properties, opening doors to applications in rechargeable batteries and molecular spintronics. The oxime radicals were stabilized using N-heterocyclic carbenes, a breakthrough in synthesizing organic radicals.
Scientists improve photothermal properties of bismuth sulfide nanorods by adding gold nanodots, increasing heat generation in tumor cells under near-infrared light irradiation. This leads to enhanced inhibition of tumor growth with no toxic side effects.
Researchers have accurately determined the molecular structure of alpha-pinene in its gas phase. This breakthrough analysis can help scientists better detect and understand how alpha-pinene reacts with other gases in the atmosphere, producing pollutants and particles that affect health and climate.
An international team determined the 3-D structure of channelrhodopsin 2, a membrane protein used in optogenetics to control nerve cells. The study reveals how light manipulation can mimic nerve impulses, enabling fast and harmless cell activation.
Scientists create dense ensembles of quantum spins in diamond with high resolution, enabling enhanced sensors and resources for quantum technologies. Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) defects are used to measure magnetic fields and quantum computing, thanks to their unique properties such as long coherence times at room temperature.
A study by scientists at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has revealed a unique chain mail-like woven microstructure in parrotfish teeth that enables their remarkable bite and resilience. This structure also provides a blueprint for creating ultra-durable synthetic materials.
Scientists have found that water droplets in clouds can turn to ice more rapidly than previously predicted, with a disordered ice structure forming under certain cloud conditions. This discovery reconciles theoretical models of clouds with observations of freezing rates, helping cloud modelers understand better their observational data.
Researchers at Tokyo Metropolitan University have discovered a novel layered superconductor based on tin and arsenic, exhibiting high-temperature superconductivity. The material's crystal structure and electronic state are unique, enabling the study of high-temperature superconductivity.
A team of researchers at Colorado State University has found striking parallels between how archaeal and eukaryotic cells package and store their genetic material. The breakthrough study revealed that archaea and eukaryotes share a common mechanism to compact, organize and structure their genomes.
A new experimental setup allows for serial crystallography using broad-spectrum X-rays at synchrotron sources, enabling the study of proteins with smaller samples and shorter exposure times. This method reduces unwanted scattered radiation, making it possible to determine protein structures with high precision.
Engineers at Tohoku University created a system to measure the van der Waals' bonding force between crystal layers, increasing its strength seven times. This breakthrough enables more durable gallium selenide crystals for advanced technologies.
Researchers demonstrated that nanotwins in metal's atomic lattice stabilize defects associated with repetitive strain, limiting accumulation of fatigue-related damage. This work shows a promising approach to creating more fatigue-resistant metals.
Scientists have found a new mechanism of deformation at the boundaries of coherent twin crystal boundaries, which can increase material strength while preserving ductility. This discovery could lead to designing strong nanostructures and devices that respond to specific stress levels.
Researchers have discovered a new magnetic phase transition in a uranium-ruthenium crystal at extremely high magnetic fields. At around 21.6 Tesla, the magnetic moments of uranium atoms point alternatingly up-up-down in opposite directions, forming an uncompensated antiferromagnetic order.
A team at UC San Francisco and UNC Chapel Hill has determined the crystal structure of the dopamine receptor D4 at an incredibly high resolution. This breakthrough allows researchers to design a new compound that tightly binds only to D4, potentially leading to more effective psychiatric drugs with fewer side effects.
Researchers at UNC-Chapel Hill and UCSF have solved the crystal structure of a specific dopamine receptor called D4 at an incredibly high resolution, allowing them to design a new compound that tightly binds only to D4. This breakthrough could lead to more precise psychiatric drugs with fewer side effects.
The NIH has awarded a $6.5 million grant to Berkeley Lab to integrate existing synchrotron structural biology resources, establishing the ALS-ENABLE center to guide researchers in determining biological structures. The initiative will provide rapid response crystallography, high-quality small-angle X-ray scattering, and specialized cry...
Researchers at ETH Zurich found that supervolcano magma chambers contain a mixture of liquid and crystalline magma. The chambers may exhibit a sponge-like texture, with a mesh structure of crystallised rock and pores containing molten material.
Researchers from MSU found that changing the ratio of components in light-absorbing perovskite layers influences film structure and solar cell efficiency. By studying intermediate compounds formed during crystallization, they discovered a key factor affecting perovskite crystal shape and solar cell performance.
A team of researchers used machine learning to model the behavior of aluminum and uranium in different phases at various temperatures and pressures. The study improved upon previous results in terms of speed and accuracy, enabling further work with only promising materials.
Researchers discovered a new method to create large crystalline lipid scaffolds with pore sizes five times that of regular lipids. These structures can now support much bigger proteins and encapsulate larger drug molecules than ever before.
Scientists at Tokyo Tech have reported superconductivity in two types of higher titanium oxides grown as ultrathin films. The materials exhibit a high transition temperature of up to 7.1 K, making them promising for fundamental physics and potential applications in faster computers.
The team demonstrated that direct atomistic simulations can predict metal strength, revealing crystal defects and twinning mechanisms. This research provides a wealth of observations on fundamental mechanisms of dynamic response and quantitative parameters needed for strength models.
Researchers computationally designed a new, metastable, and lightweight form of aluminum with a density of 0.61 gram per cubic centimeter, making it lighter than water. This discovery opens up potential applications in spaceflight, medicine, wiring, and more fuel-efficient automotive parts.
Recently developed nanosized and hierarchical SAPO-34 catalysts show significant advantages in the MTO process, enhancing mass transfer and decreasing coke formation. The review summarizes state-of-the-art synthesis strategies for these catalysts.
Researchers at Osaka University developed a novel chimeric antibody fragment to aid in the structural determination of 'uncrystallizable' target proteins. The Fv-clasp design improved production compatibility and stability while maintaining binding ability, enabling successful crystallization of biologically important proteins.
Defects in perovskites can be permanently healed with light and humidity, accelerating the development of cheap and high-performance solar cells. The process involves exposure to light, oxygen, and controlled humidity levels, which create a protective shell that locks in improvements.
Researchers have developed a new multiple-wavelength neutron holography technique that can produce clear three-dimensional atomic images. This method uses neutrons to study the structure of materials made up of lighter elements, such as calcium fluoride crystals with europium ions.
Researchers at Nagoya University have created a way to manipulate the domain structure of lead zirconate titanate films, a crucial step for future electronic and electro-mechanical devices. By controlling the switching of domains, they can potentially accelerate the development of next-generation technologies.
The Technical University of Munich has optimized graphene growth through chemical vapor deposition (CVD), creating highly pure and stable crystals. The breakthrough allows for mass production of graphene, which can be used in various applications such as electronics, displays, and electrodes.
Researchers have solved a decades-long puzzle by using synchrotron radiation X-ray source to probe the structural changes in TMTTF PF6. The team found that the transition involves the formation of a two-dimensional Wigner crystal based on electron distribution pattern changes.
Researchers have successfully formed and imaged tiny quasicrystals using silica nanoparticles, revealing a non-periodic yet ordered structure. The team used transmission electron microscopy to capture the growth process, which was influenced by varying concentrations of chemical compounds and mechanical stirring.
Scientists develop a phononic crystal structure that can steer and guide surface acoustic waves, or 'nanoquakes,' in devices. The breakthrough could pave the way for lab-on-a-chip biosensors and earthquake protection.
Researchers determined the crystal structure of a key enzyme in onion cells and developed a chemical mechanism explaining LF synthesis. The discovery reveals why people tear up when chopping onions, shedding light on this common culinary conundrum.
Researchers observe nanocrystals forming superlattices in seconds, enabling fine-tuning of precision materials. The discovery will help create novel materials for magnetic storage, solar cells, optoelectronics, and catalysts.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have discovered a unique thermoelectric material, cesium tin iodide, that can block most heat transfer while preserving high electrical conductivity. This rare pairing has potential applications in electronic cooling, turbine engines, and other fields.
Researchers at University of Bristol observed the formation of a crystal gel and discovered new mechanisms for creating sponge-like nanoporous crystals. The process resembles ice crystal growth in clouds and can lead to materials for catalytic, optical, sensing, and filtration applications.
Hokkaido University researchers have designed a novel mechano-responsive luminescent material that changes color in response to mechanical stimuli. The material, composed of gold and isocyanide complex, transforms into chiral or achiral crystals under different conditions, altering its emission properties.
Researchers used microwave spectroscopy to analyze the structure of a single molecular motor, revealing its stator, rotor, and axle. The study provides insight into the motor's dynamics and opens up possibilities for studying nano-machines in action.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill developed a new methodology called PLMF to predict properties of new metals and materials using machine learning. The tool was able to fill in missing values for existing materials, allowing scientists to test new ideas before synthesis.
Researchers studied 2,000-year-old Roman concrete using X-rays and electron microscopy, discovering a natural chemistry that strengthens the material over time. The findings suggest a recipe for modern concrete with less environmental impact could be inspired by the ancient Romans' use of volcanic ash, lime, and seawater.
Researchers have developed a new technique that can characterize nuclear material in a location even after the material has been removed. By analyzing changes in valence electrons, they can determine the presence, strength, and type of radioactive material present.
A research group at National Institutes of Natural Sciences has developed a high-speed automatic search method for the migration path of impurity atoms in materials with polycrystalline structures, enabling the investigation of collective migration and its impact on plasma confinement. This method uses molecular dynamics and parallel c...
Researchers at Osaka University have created a novel metal alloy by adding two metals to generate a unique cross-lamellar microstructure, significantly improving its mechanical performance. The new alloy shows excellent high-temperature strength and could lead to efficiency gains in gas turbines and jet engines.
Researchers have successfully developed a new material that promises to improve the strength and durability of microscopic sensors. The alloy, made from nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten, exhibits extraordinary properties, including high tensile strength three times greater than high-strength steel.
A new study from Aarhus University provides mechanistic insight into how protein dynamics control the activity of serine proteases, crucial in blood coagulation and tissue remodeling. The research offers a basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these vital physiological processes.
Heterostructural alloys combine materials with different structures to control behavior, providing an additional degree of control. The study focuses on semiconductor applications, creating metastable phases that can be used in solar cells and other devices.
Scientists used an X-ray free-electron laser to determine the atomic structure of an intact virus particle on a microchip containing thousands of tiny pores. This new method allows for faster and more efficient analysis, reducing sample material waste.
A team of researchers at Argonne National Laboratory has identified a nickel oxide compound with promising properties for high-temperature superconductivity. The compound, a metallic trilayer nickelate, successfully synthesized single crystals that resemble cuprate materials, a crucial step towards solving the field's defining problem.
Scientists have discovered that organic crystals send out acoustic signals when their crystal structure changes, providing insight into the phenomenon. The crystals' rapid transformation of heat into movement is potentially useful for developing artificial muscles or microscale robotic arms.
Researchers observed a 50% enhancement in second harmonic generation from BiCoO3 crystal upon THz laser pulse irradiation. This effect occurs on the 100 femtosecond time scale, suggesting potential applications in ultrafast optoelectronic devices.