Articles tagged with Electric Current
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers from TU Wien have proposed a new method to create gigantic spin currents in a very small period of time using ultra short laser pulses. The spin current is injected into silicon without creating a charge current due to a spin-selective effect, leading to extremely strong spin-polarization.
A team of international researchers has explained the peculiar behavior of electrons in graphene when passing through narrow constrictions. The results show that the electric current is not continuous, but quantized, exhibiting characteristic steps.
A PhD student at OIST Graduate University created a plastic insert that modifies the pathways of the electric current in a circular shape, making each current path of the same distance. This design enables researchers to study cells in a uniform electric field, even in circular-shaped environments like petri dishes.
Researchers at PPPL discovered that the bootstrap current is mostly carried by magnetically trapped electrons, contradicting previous understanding. This finding provides a new explanation for the large size of the bootstrap current at the tokamak edge.
Researchers at Colorado State University have discovered a new way to produce electron spin currents using non-polarized light, a potential game-changer for microelectronics. This achievement could lead to more efficient and powerful devices with reduced power consumption.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have developed a new electrochemistry-based method for allylic oxidation reactions, which are used in pharmaceuticals, flavor, and fragrance industries. The new method uses inexpensive, safe chemicals and is scalable, producing better yields and reducing toxic waste.
Scientists observed a current sheet during a December 2013 solar flare, confirming the role of magnetic reconnection in solar flares. The detailed measurements from three NASA missions provide unprecedented insight into the complex physics behind solar eruptions.
Ganguly's research aims to reduce energy consumption in data centers using wireless frequencies, potentially saving 10 times the current energy usage. The project could lead to a more sustainable computing infrastructure by reducing power consumption and prolonging computer lifespan.
Researchers directly observed waves in superconductivity for the first time using scanning tunneling microscopes. They found relatively modest wave amplitude, but discovered that tuning different materials could produce more dramatic results.
A team of researchers at Princeton University has predicted the existence of a new state of matter where current flows through surface channels resembling an hourglass. The hourglass fermion is created by tuning a property of the material, allowing for efficient transistor switching and potential applications.
Researchers found that applying a magnetic field to PdCoO2, a non-magnetic metal, increases its electrical conductivity and reduces resistance. The phenomenon was linked to the material's layered crystal structure and topological characteristics.
Researchers have discovered that a specific type of bread mold, Neurospora crassa, can transform manganese into a mineral composite with favorable electrochemical properties. This process has the potential to create more sustainable electrochemical materials for use in rechargeable batteries.
New research finds that overlooked electrical resistance in organic field-effect transistors can lead to overestimates of charge-carrier mobility. The study's findings challenge conventional wisdom and highlight the need for accurate measurement methods to benchmark organic semiconductor performance.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology have discovered a way to flip magnetic bits faster and more energy-efficiently using a 'bending current' method. This breakthrough enables the creation of ultra-fast and low-power Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) that can enable longer battery life in mobile devices.
Seven UNIST engineering students won prestigious Samsung HumanTech Paper Awards for their scientific contributions. Atul Rahman, an international student, stood out among the winners as one of only two foreign recipients.
Scientists from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center are developing a model called Solar Shield to simulate how space weather affects the US power grid. By analyzing coronal mass ejections and solar wind streams, researchers can predict when and where geomagnetic storms will occur, allowing for proactive measures to protect the grid.
Researchers at UCL have achieved a record-breaking data rate of 1.125 Tb/s using custom-built optical communications system with multiple transmitting channels and a single receiver. This breakthrough is expected to support the growth of high-speed internet and cloud services, enabling faster data transfer rates.
Scientists have discovered a way to generate very low-resistance electric current in zirconium pentatelluride, a semi-metallic material. The discovery relies on the separation of right- and left-handed particles, creating a powerful electric current.
Researchers at NIST have simulated a new concept for rapid, accurate gene sequencing by pulling DNA through a graphene nanopore and detecting changes in electrical current. The method could identify about 66 million bases per second with 90% accuracy, potentially revolutionizing forensics.
Researchers have developed an entirely new form of digital memory using antiferromagnets, which can be controlled with electrical pulses. This technology has the potential to increase storage density, reduce energy consumption and improve speed.
Thor's advanced design features will allow for tailored pulse shapes and precise control over pressure, enabling researchers to study materials under extreme conditions. The new accelerator is expected to be smaller and more efficient than the world's largest pulsed-power accelerator, Z machine.
A new flow battery technology using organic aqueous materials is expected to cost 60% less than current standard flow batteries. The battery's active materials are inexpensive organic molecules, making it a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option.
Researchers at Kyoto University have discovered that hot charged particles gathering near-Earth space trigger the formation of auroral substorms and bright bursts. The study uses a supercomputer simulation to explain how the plasma rotates, creating an electrical current that discharges excess electricity.
A team of Cornell engineers developed an atomically thin photodetector that responds to light in near-instantaneous electrical current. The device achieved intrinsic response times as short as 3 picoseconds, surpassing current technology.
A study by Tohoku University researchers has clarified how external driving forces, such as magnetic fields and electric currents, affect magnetic structures. The findings suggest that the actions of these forces on the structure are fundamentally different.
A team from Osaka University successfully detected magnetic fluctuations using pure spin current, which can probe spin properties in a sensitive manner without net charge current. This discovery could lead to the development of more efficient and low-energy consumption electronic devices.
Engineers at University of California, Santa Barbara developed a new tunnel field effect transistor that switches at only 0.1 volts and reduces power dissipation by over 90%, overcoming the fundamental limitations of conventional transistors.
Scientists have detected spin currents on a topological insulator at room temperature for the first time, enabling dissipationless spin currents. The breakthrough uses ferromagnetic tunnel contacts to measure the spin polarization of electrons on the surface.
Three studies explore SCN8A gene mutations linked to early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and other neurological conditions. The findings provide new data on the spectrum of SCN8A-related epilepsies, including familial and sporadic cases.
Researchers have developed a transistor that functions solely on a single molecule, eliminating the need for three electrodes. The switch's state can be altered using a single electron, offering new opportunities for ultra-small switches and increased integration densities.
Scientists from Osaka University have observed the electron partitioning process in graphene for the first time, a world-first discovery that could lead to the development of electron interferometer devices. The study found that electron partitioning took place in the p-n junction of graphene in the Quantum Hall regime.
Scientists at the University of Tokyo have created an electrically-controllable valley current device that may pave the way to ultra-low-power computing devices. The device uses pure valley current, which is non-dissipative and does not produce heat, making it a promising alternative to traditional electronics.
Scientists have found definitive evidence that ancient brain tissue can fossilize. A team of researchers has discovered seven fossils of the extinct arthropod species Fuxianhuia protensa, which contain preserved brains. The brains were preserved as flattened carbon films and demonstrate a density similar to modern crustacean brains.
Researchers have discovered that electric eels can double the power of their electrical discharge by curling up their bodies, allowing them to handle larger and more struggling prey. This behavior enables the eels to induce involuntary fatigue in prey, rendering them temporarily immobilized.
Researchers found that red mason bee females prefer males from their own region based on specific vibration patterns. This discovery suggests that vibrational signals carry complex information about a male's place of origin.
Novel Data Streams (NDS) offer a promising approach to public health surveillance by analyzing patient-generated digital data. NDS encompasses various sources, including internet search data and social media posts, allowing for nearly instantaneous and fine geographic scale surveillance.
Researchers found that three ancient groups of hunter-gatherers slept an average of 6.5 hours per night, similar to modern humans. Their sleep patterns were influenced by temperature, not light, and they lacked chronic insomnia compared to modern society.
Researchers at the University of Rochester developed a nanoscale photodetector that can detect optical plasmons, generating current with light. The device expands on previous work demonstrating light transmission through silver nanowires, paving the way for miniaturized photonic circuits.
Researchers have found an explanation for the key experiment in Japan's spin caloritronics field. They applied measurement methods to generate pure spin currents in magnetic isolators, differing from original expectations.
Researchers at Lehigh University have developed an inexpensive and secure method to prevent mass credit card fraud using existing magnetic card readers. The SafePay system transforms disposable credit card information into electrical current and simulates a physical magnetic card, making it backward compatible with existing readers.
Researchers at Princeton University have detected the long-sought chiral anomaly in a metallic compound of sodium and bismuth. The finding increases conductivity and may lead to more energy-efficient electronic devices, as impurities scatter current-carrying electrons, causing energy loss.
Physicists have developed a radical new theory that confines electromagnetic energy without leaking away, with potential applications in explaining dark matter and combating energy losses. The theory contradicts fundamental principles of electrodynamics but could lead to breakthroughs in quantum computers and laser technology.
Three teams of undergraduate students won the National Institutes of Health's Design by Biomedical Undergraduate Teams (DEBUT) Challenge with projects focused on improving global health. The winners developed a portable HIV treatment monitor, a surgical clamp to treat drooping eyelids, and a low-cost patient monitor.
A new study finds that smaller-scale space weather events are amplified near the equator, putting power grids at risk in previously considered safe regions. These disturbances can cause fluctuations in wholesale electricity pricing and damage unprotected power infrastructure.
The book series will be published in six electronic issues per year, featuring topical review articles covering present and future trends in modern chemical research. This format allows for faster indexing, discovery, and citation of contributions.
Researchers create high-performing single-molecule diode by controlling electrostatic environment, increasing rectification ratio to 200, and enabling faster electronics. The breakthrough enables new routes to charge and energy flow at the nanoscale.
Postdoctoral researcher Stephen Wu's discovery challenges prevailing ideas of generating spin current from insulators. He found that a paramagnetic material can sustain a strong spin current without the need for a ferromagnetic material.
Two new battery technologies, sodium-ion and lithium-sulfur, are poised to compete with lithium-ion batteries in the electric car market. Faradion's sodium-ion version and Oxis Energy's lithium-sulfur technology aim to match lithium-ion performance, safety, and costs within the next two to four years.
MIT researchers have created a new ultralow-power circuit that can harness more than 80% of the energy from tiny solar cells, enabling it to run for months without battery changes. The chip achieves this efficiency improvement while powering devices directly from batteries.
Current monitoring of pacemakers and defibrillators may underestimate device problems, according to a new study. The researchers found that device concerns were identified in exactly half of the 22 sudden deaths - four pacemakers and seven defibrillators.
The KAIST research team has developed the first flexible phase-change random access memory (PRAM) on plastic substrates, achieving significant power reduction. This innovation is made possible by self-assembled block copolymer silica nanostructures, which lower the contact area and reduce power consumption.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have successfully created magnetic skyrmion bubbles at room temperature, a breakthrough that could lead to more energy-efficient computer memory. The method uses a geometric structure to generate the bubbles, which can be moved using electric currents.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have discovered a way to manipulate magnetic information using heat. They create a separation of electron spins in a magnetic material, generating a spin current that can be used to control nanomagnets.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have synthesized a powerful new magnetic material containing iron, cobalt, and carbon atoms, which can store information up to 790 kelvins. This material has long-range magnetic order and rivals the properties of permanent magnets, potentially reducing dependence on rare earth elements.
A new MIT algorithm significantly reduces robot teams' planning time by deferring difficult grasp decisions until easier ones are made. The algorithm produces a workable plan that may not be perfectly efficient but saves time in planning, often offsetting added execution time.
Columbia University researchers develop a new technique to create single-molecule diodes, outperforming previous designs by 50 times. The breakthrough enables high current flow and rectification ratios, paving the way for nanoscale devices with real-world technological applications.
A new study reveals that tinnitus is represented differently in the brain compared to normal sounds, and that it may not be just a 'gap' left by hearing damage. The discovery could inform treatments such as neurofeedback and electromagnetic brain stimulation.
Scientists Russell Hemley and Ivan Naumov found that certain metals transition from being metallic to insulating under pressure, and vice versa. They identified the physics framework underlying these transformations, which involves specific electron configurations and asymmetry.
A newly formed high-level commission, in partnership with The Lancet, focuses on law's role in addressing pressing global health concerns. The Commission seeks to define the current landscape of law affecting global health and safety and highlight opportunities for improvement.
Researchers at HZDR and University of Konstanz successfully switch on a single molecule using light, enabling the creation of smallest possible components. The diarylethene compound exhibits unique physical behavior, rotating minimally when open and becoming conductive when closed.