Articles tagged with Electric Current
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at UNIST have developed a highly stretchable rechargeable lithium-ion battery based on aqueous electrolytes, using a simple and cost-effective solution process. The breakthrough involves a bioinspired Jabuticaba-like hybrid carbon/polymer composite that retains its electrical conductivity under high strain rates.
Researchers have improved optical rectenna efficiency by two-fold, using air-stable diode materials. The devices can convert electromagnetic fields at optical frequencies to electrical current, enabling low-power applications like temperature sensors.
Researchers at NIST have built a superconducting switch that learns like a biological system, connecting processors and storing memories in future computers operating like the human brain. The synapse can process incoming electrical spikes to customize spiking output signals, using less energy than the human brain.
Researchers discovered that heat flow behaves like a viscous fluid when transitioning from metal to substrate, causing temperature spikes in electronic devices. This finding paves the way for better thermal management, improving processor performance and preventing 'hot spots',
Researchers at NIST have identified a toolset to study memristors, leading to deeper understanding of their operation and potential for more efficient devices. The team found that reducing the size of a memristor can minimize unwanted current pathways, suggesting ways to engineer better performance.
Researchers have discovered that pupil size rhythmically fluctuates during sleep in mice and correlates with changes in sleep states. The findings suggest that pupil size plays a crucial role in blocking sensory input and protecting the brain during deep sleep.
Researchers at Saarland University successfully measured the mechanical properties of free-standing single-atom-thick graphene membranes. The study provides direct evidence for the unique mechanical stability of these materials, which is crucial for their potential applications in various technological sectors.
A KAIST research team used electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscope to study the connection between magnetism and superconductivity. They found that low-energy spin fluctuations cannot mediate pairing between electrons, a critical step for superconductivity. This breakthrough enables the development of novel antiferromagne...
Researchers discovered that defects in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) exhibit electrical switching, providing new insights into the material's electrical properties. This finding could contribute to MoS2's future use in opto-electronics and address current limitations.
A team at MIT has developed a rapid screening method for new solar cell materials, bypassing time-consuming lab tests and improving accuracy. The approach uses simple lab tests combined with computer modeling to predict material performance, accelerating the search for more efficient materials.
Scientists at the University of Minnesota demonstrated a way to control the direction of photocurrent without an electric voltage. By using circularly polarized light and topological insulators, they created a device that generates a spin-polarized current flowing in one direction.
A new imaging technique allows for true 3D imaging at the nanoscale with a resolution of 30nm. This breakthrough has potential applications in fields like materials science, physics, and medicine.
Researchers studied a nanometric circuit exhibiting quantum effects due to its small scale, revealing how electrons can transit directly or via a cavity, leading to peaks and troughs in conductance values. The study provides a natural explanation for observed phenomena, shedding light on the behavior of electrons in such circuits.
A UMass Amherst team discovers electrically conducting filaments in several microbe species, greatly broadening the research field. The discovery reveals that some larger pilins can also yield e-pili, and the ability to express e-pili has arisen independently multiple times.
Researchers from RIKEN in Japan have discovered a new method to control magnets by manipulating the properties of virtual monopoles. By applying a magnetic field, they can control the behavior of north and south poles in frustrated magnets, leading to a dissipationless current.
Researchers have created three-dimensional topological insulators that can control light localization in all directions, promising major technological advances. These structures have a considerable practical potential for applications in optical computers, communication networks, antennas, and lasers.
Researchers from the National University of Singapore have successfully demonstrated room temperature magnetisation switching driven by giant SOTs in topological insulator/conventional ferromagnet heterostructures with an extremely low current density, overcoming scalability and power consumption issues.
A team of NUS scientists has developed a prototype device that mimics natural photosynthesis to produce ethylene gas. The device uses only sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, reducing the carbon footprint of ethylene production.
Physicists at Bielefeld University discovered a new material that can generate magnetic signals, known as 'spin currents', from heat, increasing efficiency. The researchers tested various combinations of thin films and found that materials with special electronic structures produced stronger spin currents.
Research from Binghamton University suggests that text message punctuation, such as periods and emoticons, plays a crucial role in conveying meaning and intent. By analyzing the impact of punctuation on reader understanding, the study reveals that these 'textisms' can change the meaning of texts.
Researchers from RIKEN discovered a way to control the properties of north and south poles in frustrated magnets using monopole currents. The system's conductivity can be controlled by applying magnetic fields, enabling efficient magnetism control with minimal energy loss.
Researchers found that yokeless current sensors are prone to errors when measuring currents in iron conductors due to magnetic permeability. The study provides recommendations for designing more accurate sensors to improve the electrical grid's ability to respond to power surges and prevent catastrophic damage.
Researchers at Emory University found that a system of lifeless particles can change between crystalline and fluid states, mimicking collective behavior seen in living systems. This phenomenon occurs when the environment remains stable, suggesting that complex properties can emerge from simple systems.
A study published in Journal of General Physiology investigated the functional effects of specific mutations in Na/K pumps found in tumors that induce primary aldosteronism. The researchers found that impaired sodium and potassium transport is a common mechanism behind the pathology, contradicting previous 'gain-of-function' proposals.
A new microscopy technique detects the spin of electrons in topological insulators, a type of quantum material that could enable next-generation electronics. This breakthrough opens a path to less costly, energy-efficient alternatives to traditional charge-based electronics.
Scientists at Osaka University used scanning tunneling microscopy to create images of atomically flat side-surfaces of 3D silicon crystals, a crucial step towards designing smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient computer chips. The achievement paves the way for innovation in semiconductor manufacturing.
A study published in Nature Quantum Materials suggests that observing a flow of energy or particles can alter its direction, defying classical thermodynamics. Researchers propose new strategies for designing quantum transport devices with direction control.
The innovative method developed by JGU and Evonik Performance Materials GmbH allows for flexible reaction to available electricity supply, eliminating the need for customized electrolysis apparatuses. This breakthrough in electro-organic synthesis enables sustainable production of fine chemicals with minimal environmental impact.
A new molecular trap, MIL-101-Cr, removes nearly all radioactive iodide from used nuclear fuel rods, exceeding current regulations by up to 0.003 percent. The breakthrough could save on fuel costs worldwide, as the new method is cheaper and more effective than existing industrial adsorbents.
Researchers used computational simulations to test the effectiveness of various radical pairs in avian magnetoreception. The results indicate that the current understanding of the radical-pair mechanism cannot explain the disruption of the bird's magnetic compass by certain radiofrequency magnetic fields.
KAUST researchers have demonstrated a scalable, efficient alternative technology to traditional electrical transistors, using mechanical vibrations excited by multifrequency electrical inputs. This novel technique enables the cascading of logic gates, resulting in lower complexity and higher integration densities.
Researchers from FAU have successfully controlled electronic current in graphene using a single laser pulse within a femtosecond, generating a current that is more than a thousand times faster than the most efficient transistors today. The method uses light waves to regulate electron movement and generate electricity.
Researchers have theoretically proved the existence of a novel class of materials for use in spin-valley-tronics. The discovery could lead to advancements in implantable devices and systems, leveraging the properties of dielectric materials with two valleys.
Researchers have found that electric eels use a clever trick to deliver an intense shock: they leap from the water to target threatening animals above water. This behavior prevents their electrical discharges from weakening as they dissipate through the water, making it a more effective way to deter predators.
Researchers at HZDR develop a method to control the number of electrons fed into the process, achieving ideal conditions for improved beam quality. This leads to peak currents of up to 150 kiloamperes, exceeding modern large-scale research accelerators.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have successfully developed a novel method to rapidly and efficiently write data onto magnetic carriers using a spin-orbit-torque technique. The technique involves the application of electric current pulses through an adjacent wire, which causes magnetization inversion without the need for coils.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) was less effective than escitalopram, an antidepressant, in treating depression. The researchers concluded that tDCS cannot be recommended as first-line therapy due to its lack of efficacy and adverse side effects.
Future electricity consumption in Europe is expected to decrease in Northern Europe and increase in Southern and Western Europe under rising temperatures. Daily peak usage is predicted to peak in summer instead of winter, affecting transmission infrastructure and storage requirements.
Physicist Fatima Ebrahimi has used advanced models to simulate the cyclic behavior of edge-localized modes (ELMs), a type of plasma instability. She found that ELMs can form when a steep gradient of current exists at the plasma edge, and these instabilities can extinguish themselves by disrupting their own source.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a substrate-specific method to detect electron transfer in photovoltaic devices. The new approach uses deep-ultraviolet continuum pulses to probe the excitonic transitions of transition-metal oxide substrates, providing a route to studying solid-state-sensitized solar cells.
Columbia University researchers successfully demonstrate current blockade using atomically precise molecular clusters at room temperature. The team created a single cluster of geometrically ordered atoms with an inorganic core and positioned linkers to connect it to two gold electrodes, achieving reproducible transport characteristics.
Researchers in India used numerical computations to investigate the role of chaotic magnetic field lines in generating intense electric current sheets, which are potential sites for extreme heating of the sun's corona. The simulations found a direct proportionality between the intensity of the current sheet and chaoticity.
Physicists at the University of Innsbruck have developed a method to generate ultra-focused electromagnetic fields, enabling precise devices for microscopy and other applications. The new scheme utilizes a cylinder reflecting electromagnetic waves to create focused pulses with adjustable frequency.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered a new behavior by electrons in high-temperature superconductors, challenging a cornerstone of condensed matter physics. The symmetry-breaking flow of electrons persists up to room temperature and across the range of chemical compositions examined.
Scientists have discovered a novel way to create superconductors at higher temperatures using boron-doped Q-carbon, with a transition temperature of 57K. This breakthrough could lead to practical applications in fields like energy and transportation.
Researchers at Harvard University have created battery-free folding robots that can perform complex movements using wireless magnetic fields and shape-memory alloy coils. The robots, inspired by origami, use passive electronic components to deliver an electric current, eliminating the need for batteries or wired connections.
Researchers at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona have developed a new nanoporous material that can increase magnetic domain orientation efficiency, reducing the energy needed to process data. This innovation has the potential to significantly improve computer energy efficiency and increase mobile device autonomy.
Researchers found that nickel is essential for creating the geodynamo effect that generates the Earth's magnetic field. Without nickel, convection currents cannot form, leading to a magnetic field. The study used advanced computer simulations to analyze the behavior of metals in the Earth's core.
A low-cost smart glove can accurately translate the American Sign Language alphabet and transmit text wirelessly to electronic devices, with applications in virtual reality, telesurgery, and other fields. The system cost less than $100 to build and has low power requirements.
A new analysis tool reveals energy storage technologies can predict when they become cost-effective, with electric cars leading the way. The study predicts electric cars could rival petrol as early as 2022 and home batteries become competitive by the 2030s.
Researchers at UC San Diego developed a temperature sensor that runs on 113 picowatts of power, reducing energy consumption by 628 times. The technology can enable new devices powered by harvesting energy from low-power sources.
Researchers have overcome a fundamental theoretical limitation to design molecular diodes with a record-high rectification ratio of 6.3 x 10^5. This breakthrough enables the use of molecular diodes in applications that silicon diodes can't handle, potentially leading to cheaper and easier fabrication.
Researchers at NIST have made the most precise determination yet of Planck's constant, a fundamental value that will help redefine the kilogram. The new measurement has an uncertainty of just 13 parts per billion, exceeding international requirements for redefining the unit.
Researchers have developed a graphene-based transistor that can produce massive jumps in computing speed and efficiency. By applying a magnetic field, the resistance of current flowing through the device can be controlled, allowing for faster processing speeds and reduced power consumption.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new nanoscale memory cell that holds promise for successful integration with superconducting processors. The device provides stable memory at a smaller size than other proposed memory devices, eliminating magnetic-field cross-talk and enabling faster and more powerful computing.
The Journal has published 3,000 articles per year with an incredibly short submission-to-publication time of <65 days. It plays a crucial role in shaping the evolution of scientific publishing and enables quick dissemination of groundbreaking research.
Engineer Dr. Joseph S. Friedman designs a novel computing system made solely from carbon that might replace silicon transistors in electronics. The resulting all-carbon spin logic proposal enables cascaded logic gates with increased performance and potential terahertz clock speeds.
Researchers have developed a noninvasive method for deep brain stimulation using electrodes placed on the scalp, which could make the treatment less risky, less expensive, and more accessible. The approach has shown promising results in treating Parkinson's disease and other conditions, with no harmful effects detected.
Researchers at MIT have measured Weyl fermion chirality using circularly polarized light, exhibiting an electrical current without external voltages. The TaAs metal produces a large current response, making it suitable for sensitive mid-infrared detectors.
Researchers found that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) did not produce any additional benefit to working memory training, contradicting previous hype. The study suggests that tDCS may be more effective in specific areas of the brain and that its effects on cognitive abilities are still unclear.