Articles tagged with Electrons
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists at Harvard University have recalculated the fine structure constant, a fundamental force that governs the electromagnetic interaction between charged particles. The new value suggests that atoms are slightly looser than previously thought, with an improved measurement accuracy of six times better.
Chromophores have been engineered to exhibit fast electron transfer, opening up new possibilities for nanoscale electronics. By linking long chromophores with short linkers, researchers can create materials that function on the nanoscale.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis and Stanford University have created a mutant photosynthetic reaction center that passes electrons along an alternative pathway with a high yield of 70 percent. This breakthrough advances the understanding of photosynthesis, a crucial process for plant energy production.
Two recent papers by Pitt physicist demonstrate the existence of electrons stuck on metal surfaces under intense light, enabling total internal reflection. This phenomenon could lead to faster and smaller transistors and more efficient conversion of light into chemical energy.
Researchers capture proton motion in molecules with unprecedented accuracy, allowing for better study and control of molecular behavior. The technique enables improved methods of molecular synthesis and nano-fabrication of new materials.
Scientists aim to capture ultrafast electron motion using extreme ultraviolet pulses, enabling study of electronic transportation in nanomaterials and biological samples. The proposed attosecond pump-probe technique has potential applications for chemists to design special molecules.
Physicists at Max Planck have measured the lifetime of positronium ions six times more precisely than before, finding an average lifespan of almost half a nanosecond. This closely matches predicted values and provides an interesting model system for quantum mechanics.
Kumta's team is developing nanostructured catalyst compositions to improve the efficiency of direct methanol fuel cells. The goal is to create a fuel cell system small enough for portable electronic devices.
Scientists discover carrier multiplication occurs in nanocrystals of various compositions, including cadmium selenide, boosting photovoltaic technologies. The effect relies on strong electron-electron interactions and can enhance the production of hydrogen through photo-catalytic water splitting.
Researchers develop complete quantum mechanical solution for system with four charged particles, simulating double photoionization of H2. The study explores electron correlations and their effects on ejection patterns, resolving debates between kinematic and correlation-based explanations.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists have precisely measured the interaction of matter with photons in extreme electric fields surrounding the nucleus of uranium. The results demonstrate a new milestone in QED research, putting a new constraint on theory and paving the way for further calculations.
Researchers discovered that a small cluster of water molecules can facilitate electron transfer between proteins, contrary to expectations. At intermediate distances, the water molecules play a crucial role in mediating electron tunneling, making it stronger than previously thought.
Researchers at UCR create stable positronium molecules by combining positrons with electrons, paving the way for studying antimatter properties. This breakthrough uses a magnetic bottle to prolong positron life and accumulate millions of atoms, enabling collisions that produce gamma radiation.
Researchers have found that high-voltage sparks can produce x-ray bursts, similar to those observed during lightning. This discovery opens the door for studying the poorly understood phenomenon of runaway breakdown in a lab setting.
In Young's double-slit experiment, electrons exhibit both particle-like and wave-like behavior. The Complementarity Principle explains this ambiguity, stating that an electron can be at position A or B, but not both at the same time.
A team of researchers has developed a new theory explaining how electrons interact with molecules, revealing unexpected transport channels. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient molecular transmission and the development of molecular switches.
Purdue researchers led by Jorge H. Rodriguez are developing computational tools to simulate and predict biochemical reactions using quantum physics. This technique could help select the best potential new drug compounds and expand knowledge of life's fundamental processes.
Virginia Tech researchers have made significant progress in understanding how to convert water into hydrogen gas using photochemical processes. They have developed molecular assemblies that absorb light more efficiently and activate conversion, which has implications for the production of clean energy.
Researchers have successfully manipulated the spin of an electron using a jolt of voltage, allowing for precise control over the process. The discovery has implications for the development of optoelectronics and quantum cryptography, enabling secure information encoding.
The photoelectric effect, first explained by Einstein in 1905, has become a crucial tool for understanding the properties of matter. The new issue of New Journal of Physics features research on hot electrons and high-temperature superconductors, demonstrating its relevance to tailored electronic materials.
Researchers at Northwestern University show that a magnetic field can be used to increase or decrease the flow of heat through an Andreev interferometer. The findings, published in Physical Review Letters, demonstrate the quantum mechanical nature of heat flow and its relationship with electron charge.
Theoretical chemists aim to develop models for understanding electron donor/acceptor interactions in molecular systems. They study how the surrounding environment affects electrons' flow, with potential applications in improving photosynthesis and designing efficient solar cells.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and International Linear Collider (ILC) are two colossal machines being built to study the ultimate building blocks of matter. The LHC, nearing completion in Geneva, will collide protons with unprecedented energy, aiming to answer questions on mass, dark matter, and dimensions.
Mazziotti's new method accurately represents electrons' positions in molecules, reducing computer power requirements. The breakthrough has applications in medicine, where it could aid in treating sickle-cell anemia, and in superconductivity research.
Researchers from Imperial College London and UK universities successfully accelerated electron beams near the speed of light using laser-produced plasmas. This achievement paves the way for the development of smaller, more affordable particle accelerators that could be used in university laboratories.
Researchers have explained puzzling behavior in a high-temperature superconductor by discovering an electronic crystal, where electrons arrange themselves into a neat pattern. This phenomenon occurs in a phase called pseudogap and was observed using a highly sensitive scanning tunneling microscope.
Researchers create 'quantum dots' in gallium arsenide to harness electrons' spin for logic gates and potential quantum computing applications. The tiny dots could enable faster, smaller computer chips with enhanced data security.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have found a hidden pattern in cuprate superconductors that may help explain high-temperature superconductivity. The pattern, which forms when electrons are heated, is a distinct type of movement in which electrons organize into a checkerboard pattern.
Researchers at Purdue University have identified a radical hydrocarbon molecule with unique electron behavior, which could be used as building blocks for molecular magnets. The discovery has the potential to create non-metallic magnets that are lighter and cheaper than metal ones.
Brookhaven chemists use pulsed electron beams to initiate chemical reactions in ionic liquids, revealing unanticipated reactivity patterns. The study's findings have profound implications for uses of ionic liquids in radiation-filled environments like the nuclear fuel cycle.
Researchers found a way to manipulate electron spin to transport it without energy loss. This effect occurs in materials already used in the semiconductor industry and could lead to a new generation of computing devices. The discovery has significant implications for creating smaller, more efficient electronic devices.
Researchers used ultrafast light pulses to visualize the speed distribution of electrons in Rydberg atoms, revealing their wave-like behavior. This study provides new insights into the interaction between light and slow-moving electrons.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a method to probe dynamic interactions between smallest atomic particles, enabling studies of individual electron dynamics and quantum phenomena. The breakthrough is crucial for developing quantum computers, which could solve complex calculations in seconds.
Researchers at Ohio State University have found that certain ceramic materials, called cuprates, can switch between two types of superconductivity under specific circumstances. This discovery could settle a long-standing controversy among scientists and potentially lead to the development of buckyball-like superconductivity in ceramics.
Researchers used two techniques to examine the electronic structure of magnesium diboride, revealing interactions between electron holes that contribute to its superconductivity. The findings provide new insight into the material's properties and may lead to improved magnetic resonance imaging and electric power transmission.
Researchers at Cornell University have created a single-atom transistor by implanting a molecule between two gold electrodes. The device demonstrates the potential for shrinking electronic components to smaller sizes and may be used as a chemical sensor.
Scientists studying Jupiter's moons using laboratory simulations and spacecraft data reveal unique chemical reactions driven by high-energy electrons and ions. The findings support the presence of frozen brine on Europa's surface and provide insights into radiation-induced processes in outer space.
Electrons may undergo fission in liquid helium at temperatures near absolute zero, violating the long-held notion that elementary particles cannot be broken into two pieces. Experimental evidence supports this theory, which suggests that light can cause an electron's bubble to divide into smaller bubbles.
Researchers at the University of Illinois are developing a new trigger that can distinguish between interesting and non-interesting collisions in particle accelerators. The device will help identify collisions that create bottom quarks, providing essential information about fundamental rules for assembling matter.
Physicists have achieved head-on collisions between electrons and positrons at the Asymmetric B Factory, a $177 million particle collider. The dual-ring machine will help researchers study the differences between matter and antimatter.
Research at Northwestern University and Argonne National Laboratory reveals DNA's limitations as a molecular material. Despite carrying electrons, the rate of electron transfer falls off quickly with distance, rendering it unsuitable for practical applications.
Researchers have developed a theory to explain the sudden change of rare earth mirror materials into transparent windows when exposed to hydrogen. This phenomenon has potential applications in smart windows for energy savings.