Articles tagged with Energy
Researchers at Dartmouth College have developed a new theoretical description of how the Hall effect determines the efficiency of magnetic reconnection. The study reveals that the Hall effect suppresses energy conversion from magnetic fields to plasma particles, enabling rapid energy release and explosive magnetic explosions in space.
A team of researchers has provided evidence to settle the debate on the relative stabilities of boron nitride's structures using a state-of-the-art quantum simulation method. The study found that hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is the most stable structure, followed by rhombohedral (rBN), zinc-blende (cBN), and wurtzite (wBN).
Researchers from Tsinghua University Press have developed a potassium ion battery using MXene compounds, demonstrating outstanding performance and high power density. The battery outperforms traditional lithium-ion batteries, maintaining nearly full capacity after 30,000 cycles.
Researchers at MIT and NREL have designed a thermophotovoltaic cell that converts heat to electricity with over 40% efficiency, surpassing traditional steam turbines. The new design could enable a fully decarbonized power grid by storing excess energy from renewable sources.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have successfully converted solar energy into electricity using a thermoelectric generator. The new technology can store solar energy for up to 18 years and release it when needed, making it a promising solution for renewable energy production.
An interdisciplinary team studied lithium-CO2 batteries to overcome critical problems for their potential as new energy storage devices. The team identified the electrochemical mechanism's lack of understanding and efficient electrocatalysts as significant hurdles.
A team of researchers has developed a tunable graphene-based platform to study exceptional points, which exhibit unique properties when light and matter interact. The breakthrough could lead to advancements in optoelectronic technologies and potentially contribute to the development of 'beyond-5G' wireless technology.
A novel approach to enhancing lithium-ion storage performance is presented using iron-laced carbon nanofibers. The material exhibited improved electron and ion transfer, resulting in sustained electric power through 5000 cycles of high current density.
A POSTECH research team has developed a platform that can control and measure the properties of solid materials with light. This breakthrough enables the manipulation of quantum states in solids, which can be effectively used in quantum systems.
Researchers developed a novel cathode composition that overcomes challenges in manufacturing, offering high area capacity and promising performance. The resulting composite cathode delivers an area capacity above 8 mAh/cm2 within a wide range of voltages.
Researchers have found direct evidence of strong electron correlation in ABC trilayer graphene, a two-dimensional material that can switch between metal, insulator, and superconductor states. The discovery provides insight into the underlying physics driving these switchable materials.
Scientists from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have successfully embedded enzymes in metal-organic frameworks to enhance their stability. This innovation enables the use of these enzymes in both aqueous and organic solvents, leading to improved productivity and stability in continuous reactors.
Researchers at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics have developed a flexible soft-solid MOF composite membrane for efficient H2/CO2 separation. The membrane's unique structure, featuring quasi-vertically oriented solid particles, achieves better separation accuracy and robust anti-swelling capacity.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new, inexpensive catalyst material that can produce oxygen from water, potentially replacing rare metals and reducing the cost of producing carbon-neutral fuels. The material, made of abundant components, allows for precise tuning and matches or exceeds the performance of conventional catalysts.
Researchers develop alternative diagnostic technology to evaluate Li-ion battery degradation mechanism quickly and efficiently. The approach allows for rapid detection of LLI degradation, facilitating real-time monitoring of individual cells' state of health.
Researchers have developed a new electrode material using a truncated-octahedral LiMn2O4 design to improve lithium adsorption capacity and cycle stability in low-energy conditions. This technology has the potential to address the global challenge of extracting sufficient lithium from brine sources.
Researchers at Hiroshima University have developed a process to synthesize ammonia from its constituent molecules of nitrogen and hydrogen at ambient pressure, paving the way for efficient use in renewable energy applications. The new method utilizes lithium hydride as a molecular scaffold to prevent clumping and increase reaction speed.
New research suggests nuclear power can provide low-cost energy and replace natural gas as a backup source, enabling faster decarbonization in countries with poor wind resources. The analysis found that nuclear is the cheapest way to eliminate all electricity-system carbon emissions nearly everywhere.
A new Stanford University study reveals that using a 100-year timeframe underestimates methane's importance in achieving Paris Agreement climate goals by up to 87%. The researchers propose using a 24-year timeframe instead, which would ensure emissions of methane are weighted correctly over the time period before temperature thresholds...
A new in situ coring and testing system developed by Prof. Heping Xie's team allows for the preservation of environmental conditions, enabling accurate analysis of morphology, liquids, gases, and microorganisms in deep rock samples. The system's accuracy is improved compared to traditional methods, opening up new possibilities for deep...
A recent study published in the KeAi journal found that commercial banks continue to view small merchant renewable energy projects as risky, despite the trend towards 'greening of banks'. Government banks in the Philippines were more open to providing credit to these developers, highlighting the need for innovative financing solutions.
Scientists at Osaka University demonstrated the ability to generate gigagauss magnetic fields via gyro motion of relativistic electrons, with polarity reverse occurring instantly. The study, published in Scientific Reports, reveals a new mechanism for magnetic field growth and amplification.
Researchers at GIST used ultrafast X-ray pulses to study warm dense copper electrons, revealing that bonds harden before melting. The findings could improve understanding of extraordinary material properties and their underlying mechanisms.
Researchers have created nanoparticles that can store hydrogen, reducing the need for pressurized tanks and cooling. The discovery could enable climate-friendly fuels and production methods for airplanes, ships, and steel.
Scientists developed an all-season smart-roof coating that automatically switches between cooling and heating, outperforming commercial cool-roof systems in energy savings. The technology uses vanadium dioxide to regulate its rate of radiative cooling, overcoming the problem of overcooling in winter.
The University of California, Riverside, has been awarded a $980,000 grant from the Department of Energy to develop an AI-driven detector for the future Electron-Ion Collider. The team will use machine learning techniques to optimize detector design and achieve 'co-design,' a new concept in nuclear physics.
Researchers developed a molecular device that converts infrared light to visible light, expanding detection capabilities. The device uses tiny vibrating molecules and metallic nanostructures to enhance conversion efficiency.
Researchers develop a 3D, self-supported electrode using hierarchical and honeycomb alloy that reduces overpotential in water splitting process. The alloy's fully-exposed active sites promote rapid electrochemical reactions, leading to efficient hydrogen production.
Researchers developed novel photon upconversion systems with heterojunctions of bilayer films of organic semiconductors, achieving two orders of magnitude higher external quantum efficiency than conventional systems. This breakthrough enables bright yellow emission in flexible thin films for optogenetics and biosensing applications.
Researchers explore harnessing China's wind energy to produce carbon-free green hydrogen at a lower cost than coal-derived black hydrogen. Shifting from black to green hydrogen could reduce 100 million tons of CO2 emissions per year by 2030.
A new coil design could mitigate disruption-driven runaway electrons in tokamaks. The SPARC team's innovative coil structure addresses the threat by introducing a non-axisymmetric perturbation that spoils confinement and protects the machine.
Research has shown steady progress toward achieving large energy gain in fusion reactions, a crucial milestone for commercial fusion energy. Recent advancements in laser-driven devices and lower-cost private concepts have significantly increased performance thresholds, surpassing early tokamak designs.
Thermal quenches in fusion devices occur when high-energy electrons escape from the core and fly toward the wall, causing a rapid drop in electron temperature. The researchers propose an analytic model of plasma transport that provides new physical insights into the complex topology of 3-D magnetic field lines.
A new study reveals that consumption in G20 nations causes significant premature deaths worldwide, particularly among infants and elderly populations. The research estimates that the lifetime consumption of 28 people in G20 nations will result in one person's premature death.
Researchers discovered a resemblance between magic graphene's superconductivity and high-temperature superconductors, shedding light on the mysterious ceramic compounds. The study provides evidence for unconventional superconductivity in magic bilayer graphene.
New research reveals that a layer of 'hot', electrically conductive ice could be responsible for generating the magnetic fields of ice giant planets. The study found two forms of superionic ice, one of which may exist in the interiors of Uranus and Neptune.
Researchers have developed a novel data storage method using mixtures of fluorescent dyes, which can store binary information at high density with fast read/write speeds. The technique encodes sequences of 0s and 1s into dye molecules, allowing for the storage of digital information for thousands of years or longer.
The latest results from the RHIC Spin Program provide new insights into the contribution of quarks and gluons to a proton's spin. Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have made significant progress in studying the three-dimensional internal structure of protons using collisions of spin-polarized protons at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ...
An international team of scientists, led by Professor Owen Long, explored supersymmetry as an extension of the Standard Model. They conducted experiments at the Large Hadron Collider and found no signs of supersymmetric particles, but their null result is still a significant scientific progress.
A new model, developed by Carnegie Mellon University researchers, identifies coal- and natural gas-fired electricity generation plants suitable for carbon capture technologies. The tool takes into account various factors like plant age, efficiency, location, and technology to explore optimal CO2 reduction strategies at an affordable cost.
Researchers identified fundamental challenges for next-generation cathodes in improving reliability, energy density, and cost-effectiveness. The road map sets direction for research and defines benchmarks for various cathode chemistries.
The 2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics presents cutting-edge research on nuclear astrophysics, quantum technology, and rare isotopes. Researchers will discuss breakthroughs such as the most precise measurement of neutron lifetime and novel experiments measuring neutron skin in calcium.
Researchers at POSTECH developed a lithium-sulfur battery with high energy density, fast charging, and mechanical flexibility. The team synthesized sulfur-rich hierarchically ordered copolymers in under 30 minutes without surfactants or steric stabilizers.
A research team at POSTECH observes synchronized oscillations of optical intensity and symmetry-breaking transitions at an exceptional point. They also discover energy-difference conservation for the first time in the optical domain using APT symmetry platforms based on nonlinear four-wave-mixing.
Researchers found that higher bicarbonate concentrations increase energy efficiency in CO2 reduction, providing valuable insights into the electroreduction process. The study suggests a new pathway to mitigate the greenhouse effect by leveraging bicarbonate electrolytes.
Researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have developed a record-breaking lithium-metal battery with an energy density of 560 Wh/kg, retaining 88% capacity after 1000 cycles. The battery features a nickel-rich cathode and a dual-anion ionic liquid electrolyte, which significantly improves stability.
Scientists from KIT have investigated the behavior of iridium oxide catalysts under dynamic conditions using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The study reveals highly unexpected structural modifications connected to a stabilization of the catalyst at high voltages, contributing to more efficient and sustainable green hydrogen production.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed new solvent mixtures containing positive and negative charges to break down plant cellulose for bioethanol production. These solvents are more environmentally friendly and reduce toxicity compared to current methods, enabling the conversion of unused biomass into fuel.
A team of scientists from Kanazawa University has discovered that adding CsI to the MAPbI3 perovskite structure greatly increases its stability and efficiency. The addition resulted in power conversion efficiencies as high as 18.43% and improved device performance.
The American Chemical Society's ACS Fall 2021 meeting will feature over 7,000 presentations on various scientific topics. Journalists and public information officers can register for the meeting and access on-demand content.
A researcher at the University of Tsukuba introduces a new theoretical model of high-temperature superconductivity based on the calculation of the Berry connection. This model helps explain experimental results better than the current theory and may enable lossless energy transmission.
Researchers develop underwater plasmas using high-voltage pulses, creating extreme conditions with pressures and temperatures similar to the Pacific Ocean's deepest point. The ignition process challenges conventional theories and demonstrates the potential for re-oxidising catalytic surfaces in electrochemical cells.
International collaboration identifies four correlated metals in two-orbital systems, including a Hund's metal that can give rise to superconductivity. The discovery overturns conventional wisdom and opens up new avenues for understanding strongly correlated materials.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University design an information engine that converts random particle motion into stored energy, extracting power comparable to biological systems. The engine achieves speeds of over ten times that of previous implementations, pushing the capabilities of this type of engine beyond its limits.
Researchers found that electrons behave like they're confined to ultrathin layers or stripes within the material, creating 2D puddles of superconductivity. This phenomenon has practical implications for crafting 2D materials and offers an alternative method for making 2D superconducting states.
Effective Field Theories were introduced to simplify mathematics involved in unifying interactions. Steven Weinberg shares his expertise on these theories, which unify weak and electromagnetic interactions with the strong interaction. He also discusses implications for future research and applications in diverse areas.
Researchers at Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University confirmed theoretical predictions about energy flow in the ITER reactor through experiments on two tokamaks. They discovered a new type of electric current that affects the scrape-off layer of the edge plasma.
The PPPL has been awarded $3 million from ARPA-E and $1 million from the DOE Office of Science to develop permanent magnets for stellarators. This project aims to simplify the complex design of twisty plasma fusion devices, which could become an attractive candidate for a fusion pilot plant.
Researchers at Ames Laboratory discovered a correlation between broad diffraction patterns and high-quality graphene, challenging conventional wisdom. The discovery has implications for reliable quality control of 2D materials in manufacturing environments.
Researchers propose new method to verify star and planet formation theory by simulating the Princeton Magnetorotational Instability (MRI) Experiment. The study finds that instabilities can be seen before the upper limit of experimental rotation rate is reached, shedding light on the growth of celestial bodies.