Articles tagged with Energy
Thermal quenches in fusion devices occur when high-energy electrons escape from the core and fly toward the wall, causing a rapid drop in electron temperature. The researchers propose an analytic model of plasma transport that provides new physical insights into the complex topology of 3-D magnetic field lines.
A new coil design could mitigate disruption-driven runaway electrons in tokamaks. The SPARC team's innovative coil structure addresses the threat by introducing a non-axisymmetric perturbation that spoils confinement and protects the machine.
A new study reveals that consumption in G20 nations causes significant premature deaths worldwide, particularly among infants and elderly populations. The research estimates that the lifetime consumption of 28 people in G20 nations will result in one person's premature death.
Researchers discovered a resemblance between magic graphene's superconductivity and high-temperature superconductors, shedding light on the mysterious ceramic compounds. The study provides evidence for unconventional superconductivity in magic bilayer graphene.
New research reveals that a layer of 'hot', electrically conductive ice could be responsible for generating the magnetic fields of ice giant planets. The study found two forms of superionic ice, one of which may exist in the interiors of Uranus and Neptune.
Researchers have developed a novel data storage method using mixtures of fluorescent dyes, which can store binary information at high density with fast read/write speeds. The technique encodes sequences of 0s and 1s into dye molecules, allowing for the storage of digital information for thousands of years or longer.
An international team of scientists, led by Professor Owen Long, explored supersymmetry as an extension of the Standard Model. They conducted experiments at the Large Hadron Collider and found no signs of supersymmetric particles, but their null result is still a significant scientific progress.
The latest results from the RHIC Spin Program provide new insights into the contribution of quarks and gluons to a proton's spin. Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have made significant progress in studying the three-dimensional internal structure of protons using collisions of spin-polarized protons at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ...
Researchers identified fundamental challenges for next-generation cathodes in improving reliability, energy density, and cost-effectiveness. The road map sets direction for research and defines benchmarks for various cathode chemistries.
A new model, developed by Carnegie Mellon University researchers, identifies coal- and natural gas-fired electricity generation plants suitable for carbon capture technologies. The tool takes into account various factors like plant age, efficiency, location, and technology to explore optimal CO2 reduction strategies at an affordable cost.
The 2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics presents cutting-edge research on nuclear astrophysics, quantum technology, and rare isotopes. Researchers will discuss breakthroughs such as the most precise measurement of neutron lifetime and novel experiments measuring neutron skin in calcium.
Researchers at POSTECH developed a lithium-sulfur battery with high energy density, fast charging, and mechanical flexibility. The team synthesized sulfur-rich hierarchically ordered copolymers in under 30 minutes without surfactants or steric stabilizers.
A research team at POSTECH observes synchronized oscillations of optical intensity and symmetry-breaking transitions at an exceptional point. They also discover energy-difference conservation for the first time in the optical domain using APT symmetry platforms based on nonlinear four-wave-mixing.
Researchers found that higher bicarbonate concentrations increase energy efficiency in CO2 reduction, providing valuable insights into the electroreduction process. The study suggests a new pathway to mitigate the greenhouse effect by leveraging bicarbonate electrolytes.
Scientists from KIT have investigated the behavior of iridium oxide catalysts under dynamic conditions using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The study reveals highly unexpected structural modifications connected to a stabilization of the catalyst at high voltages, contributing to more efficient and sustainable green hydrogen production.
Researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have developed a record-breaking lithium-metal battery with an energy density of 560 Wh/kg, retaining 88% capacity after 1000 cycles. The battery features a nickel-rich cathode and a dual-anion ionic liquid electrolyte, which significantly improves stability.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed new solvent mixtures containing positive and negative charges to break down plant cellulose for bioethanol production. These solvents are more environmentally friendly and reduce toxicity compared to current methods, enabling the conversion of unused biomass into fuel.
A team of scientists from Kanazawa University has discovered that adding CsI to the MAPbI3 perovskite structure greatly increases its stability and efficiency. The addition resulted in power conversion efficiencies as high as 18.43% and improved device performance.
The American Chemical Society's ACS Fall 2021 meeting will feature over 7,000 presentations on various scientific topics. Journalists and public information officers can register for the meeting and access on-demand content.
A researcher at the University of Tsukuba introduces a new theoretical model of high-temperature superconductivity based on the calculation of the Berry connection. This model helps explain experimental results better than the current theory and may enable lossless energy transmission.
Researchers develop underwater plasmas using high-voltage pulses, creating extreme conditions with pressures and temperatures similar to the Pacific Ocean's deepest point. The ignition process challenges conventional theories and demonstrates the potential for re-oxidising catalytic surfaces in electrochemical cells.
International collaboration identifies four correlated metals in two-orbital systems, including a Hund's metal that can give rise to superconductivity. The discovery overturns conventional wisdom and opens up new avenues for understanding strongly correlated materials.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University design an information engine that converts random particle motion into stored energy, extracting power comparable to biological systems. The engine achieves speeds of over ten times that of previous implementations, pushing the capabilities of this type of engine beyond its limits.
Researchers found that electrons behave like they're confined to ultrathin layers or stripes within the material, creating 2D puddles of superconductivity. This phenomenon has practical implications for crafting 2D materials and offers an alternative method for making 2D superconducting states.
Effective Field Theories were introduced to simplify mathematics involved in unifying interactions. Steven Weinberg shares his expertise on these theories, which unify weak and electromagnetic interactions with the strong interaction. He also discusses implications for future research and applications in diverse areas.
Researchers at Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University confirmed theoretical predictions about energy flow in the ITER reactor through experiments on two tokamaks. They discovered a new type of electric current that affects the scrape-off layer of the edge plasma.
The PPPL has been awarded $3 million from ARPA-E and $1 million from the DOE Office of Science to develop permanent magnets for stellarators. This project aims to simplify the complex design of twisty plasma fusion devices, which could become an attractive candidate for a fusion pilot plant.
Researchers at Ames Laboratory discovered a correlation between broad diffraction patterns and high-quality graphene, challenging conventional wisdom. The discovery has implications for reliable quality control of 2D materials in manufacturing environments.
Researchers propose new method to verify star and planet formation theory by simulating the Princeton Magnetorotational Instability (MRI) Experiment. The study finds that instabilities can be seen before the upper limit of experimental rotation rate is reached, shedding light on the growth of celestial bodies.
Researchers developed a technique to forecast how tokamaks might respond to magnetic errors, which can disrupt fusion reactions. This forecasts could help engineers design fusion facilities that efficiently create a virtually inexhaustible supply of safe and clean fusion energy.
Materials scientists at UMass Amherst developed a way to efficiently convert elastic energy into kinetic energy for high-acceleration movements. By designing elastic bands with strategically placed elliptical holes, they achieved more than 90% energy conversion, compared to 70% for plain bands.
Santa Fe Institute researchers Artemy Kolchinsky and David Wolpert present a new framework for understanding the relationship between energy and computation in Turing machines. They derive relationships between algorithmic information and energy, showing that computations with more compressible outputs require more energy.
A revised code upgrade has improved the calculation of forces acting on magnetically confined plasma in fusion energy experiments. The new software, SPEC, enables researchers to determine the boundary of plasma in stellarators more easily, allowing for a better design and performance.
Researchers at Stony Brook University have developed a new superlattice material that exhibits high temperature and tunable electrical transport properties. This finding has the potential to improve energy-efficient technologies by conducting dissipationless current without energy loss.
Researchers develop 16-atom motor with high directional stability, powered by thermal and electrical energy. The motor's operation challenges classical physics and quantum principles, revealing new insights into energy transfer and time direction.
Researchers Rebekka Koch and Jan Carl Budich study non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in classical and quantum systems, revealing their impact on dissipative topological models. They found stable spectral instabilities under physically motivated perturbations.
Physicists propose using ultra-high energy neutrinos to study interactions beyond the standard model, with a new resonance dubbed the 'Zee burst.' This detection could reveal exotic particles such as supersymmetric partners and heavy decaying dark matter.
Scientists from Cornell University and Brookhaven National Laboratory successfully demonstrated the world's first capture and reuse of energy in a multi-turn particle accelerator. The Energy Recovery Linear accelerator (ERL) technology uses two transformational 'green' technologies to recover and re-use previously accelerated particles...
PPPL made significant strides in fusion energy development, including the creation of a supersonic plasma jet that could study stellar bodies light years away. The Laboratory also partnered with Princeton University to study low-temperature plasma and developed an award-winning apprenticeship program for early career technicians.
Researchers found that C60 buckyballs emit positronium signals in the same direction as incoming positrons at certain impact energies. This discovery could have implications for astrophysics, materials physics, and pharmaceutical research.
Physicists at PPPL discovered that halo currents offset eddy current forces in tokamaks, leading to unexpected changes in total vertical forces; this finding could enable designers to contain damaging forces for future fusion facilities like ITER.
Computer simulations have yielded a more accurate picture of strange metals and their connection to high-temperature superconductivity. The study reveals that changing temperature or electron flow can flip the material between a superconductive state and a strange metal state, shedding light on this phenomenon.
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory create simulation framework to fine-tune plasma startup recipes for NSTX-U and MAST-U experiments. The tool enables operators to quickly achieve a balance between electric and magnetic fields, significantly reducing experimentation time.
Researchers capture particles in an unexplored energy region using photon-proton collisions, providing new insights into the nucleus. The measurements suggest that gluons directly contribute more than 80% of the proton's mass.
Scientists have discovered a way to manipulate the electronic properties of tungsten disulfide, a super-thin material, by controlling its energy valleys. This innovation could potentially be used for encoding quantum data and enabling the creation of qubits for quantum computing.
Researchers have developed a way to remove ice and frost from surfaces efficiently using less than 1% of the energy needed for traditional methods. The technique works by melting the interfacial layer directly, allowing the ice to slide off the surface.
Stoltzfus-Dueck will develop and test models for plasma confinement, a crucial step towards harnessing fusion reactions. His research aims to increase understanding of next-generation fusion plasmas and enhance the control of edge turbulence.
Researchers discovered a small misalignment of magnetic coils in a tokamak facility that caused errors and deviations from optimal alignment, leading to increased localized heating and reduced plasma rotation. The findings have implications for future fusion devices like ITER, with improved engineering tolerance requirements proposed.
Jiehang Zhang, an NYU physics assistant professor, received a $750,000 grant for his research on quantum systems. The award supports early-career researchers in building America's scientific workforce and sustaining innovation.
Physicists have confirmed an updated computer code can predict and prevent leaks in fusion plasmas, reducing energy loss and damaging machines. The revised TRANSP code accurately models particle behavior, enabling better understanding and prediction of instability effects.
Researchers developed an energy harvester attached to the wearer's knee that generates 1.6 microwatts of power while walking without increased effort. The device captures biomechanical energy through natural human motion, offering a potential solution for self-powered wearable devices.
Researchers found that injecting tiny beryllium pellets into the plasma could trigger small eruptions called ELMs, stabilizing fusion reactions. This technique could potentially reduce the risk of large ELMs and damage to the ITER facility.
Physicists at PPPL used codes developed at General Atomics to compare theoretical predictions of electron and ion turbulent transport with findings of the first campaign of the NSTX-U. Analysis found that a major factor behind energy losses was anomalous electron transport, which spread rapidly like milk mixing with coffee.
Researchers have developed a prototype of energy-efficient data storage devices using rapid spin switching technology. The device achieves minimal energy losses and switches between states in just 3 picoseconds, making it promising for compact future computers.
Physicists uncover secrets of conching, a 140-year-old mixing technique that creates smooth chocolate texture by breaking down ingredients into finer grains. The study may lead to lower-fat chocolate and more energy-efficient manufacturing processes.
Jefferson Lab's CEBAF facility has confirmed the production of charm quarks in J/ψ particles following a recent upgrade to its operating energy. This achievement expands the realm of precision nuclear physics research with electron beams at higher energies.
A team of scientists has applied deep learning to forecast sudden disruptions in fusion reactions, enabling more accurate predictions and potentially unlocking clean and virtually limitless fusion energy. The Fusion Recurrent Neural Network (FRNN) code also opens pathways for controlling disruptions.
University of Barcelona researchers have developed a new continuous version of Maxwell's demon in a single molecule system, enabling large amounts of work extraction through repeated measurements. The device can find the right moment to extract energy, with potential applications in biology and quantum systems.
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have developed the first fully kinetic model of plasma behavior, demonstrating that fast magnetic reconnection can occur in partially ionized systems. This finding has implications for understanding auroras and the formation of stars.
Researchers have developed a novel prototype to rapidly control plasma disruptions in fusion facilities. The 'electromagnetic particle injector' (EPI) device uses high-velocity projectiles to release material into the plasma, reducing its impact on the tokamak walls.