Articles tagged with Energy
Experiments at PPPL demonstrate striking similarities between laboratory findings and satellite observations of magnetic reconnection in space. Researchers found that electron and ion currents flow perpendicular to the magnetic field, converting energy and leading to northern lights, solar flares, and geomagnetic storms.
Researchers have created a single material that produces white light with high efficiency, potentially replacing current phosphors and saving energy. The new material combines a lead-free double perovskite with sodium, emitting stable and efficient warm-white light.
Researchers have identified a flat band area in graphene that is a prerequisite for superconductivity, but requires further assistance to achieve. The discovery uses high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and could lead to controlled band structure manipulation.
The binding energy of near proton-drip line Z = 22-28 isotopes has been determined from measured isotopic cross section distributions. The predicted binding energies were verified through the scaling phenomenon of mirror nuclei, confirming the reliability of the method.
Researchers identified tail electrons as the source of whistler waves, which help satellites determine their location in space. The discovery marks a new methodology for measuring wave propagation in reconnection, indicating that whistler waves are generated near active X-lines.
A new carbon material has been discovered with a high Na storage capacity of over 400mAh/g, outperforming current hard carbon materials. The bi-honeycomb-like architecture shows an 85% plateau capacity at low voltage, potentially increasing energy density in sodium-ion batteries.
Davidovits won the award for his outstanding thesis research on turbulence in compressing fluids and plasma, with a focus on novel mechanisms and applications in inertial-confinement-fusion and astrophysical plasmas. His work has significant implications for plasma physics research.
A record-breaking achievement by Germany's Wendelstein 7-X stellarator facility suggests that stellarator design can replicate the sun's fusion on Earth. The U.S.-based PPPL diagnostic played a crucial role in this feat.
Researchers found a circle-type structure within Bitcoin transactions, revealing hidden communities of interconnected owners. A small fraction of users holds the majority of the network's wealth.
Jaideep Singh, an MSU assistant professor, received funding for his proposal to search for time-reversal violation using optically addressable nuclei in cryogenic solids. The award will accelerate his research program by about 15 years, recognizing the world-class scientific support at FRIB.
Researchers have developed a new model that challenges long-held assumptions about magnetic islands in fusion plasas. The study found that turbulence can penetrate into islands and plasma flow across them can be strongly sheared, allowing for sustained plasma confinement despite island growth.
A Rutgers-led team has developed a new material that conducts electricity without energy loss, paving the way for low-power electronics and potentially faster quantum computing. The material, which combines magnetic and insulator properties, can be used for electronic interconnections within silicon chips.
The W7-X stellarator achieved improved heating and measurement capabilities with the help of large magnetic trim coils designed by PPPL, enabling plasma discharges lasting up to 30 seconds. The research demonstrated the ability to control error fields and measure magnetic field measurements of unprecedented accuracy.
Researchers propose a new method to solve the complex many-particle Schrödinger equation, enabling accurate electronic energies and advancing fields like drug discovery and nuclear physics. The approach merges deterministic and stochastic methods to identify key wave function components.
Researchers uncovered the secrets behind snapping shrimp's ability to break water, attributing it to millions of years of evolution and adaptation. The study reveals a series of small changes in claw form led to the development of ultrafast movements.
Scientists have discovered a 'chiral spin mode' - a sea of electrons spinning in opposing circles that can transport information with little energy dissipation. This breakthrough paves the way for building novel electronic devices such as computers and processors with reduced energy loss.
Scientists have discovered correlated flow of particles emerging from even the lowest energy collisions at RHIC, exhibiting behavior associated with quark-gluon plasma formation. The findings suggest that these small-scale collisions might be producing tiny, short-lived specks of matter mimicking the early universe.
A team led by a Princeton University graduate student has developed a unique simulation of magnetic reconnection in space plasmas, which could lead to improved forecasts of space weather events. The new model approximates kinetic effects using fluid equations and agrees better with kinetic models than traditional simulations.
PPPL physicists lead crucial experiments on Wendelstein 7-X, a magnetic confinement fusion experiment in Germany. The facility aims to create steady state plasmas and model a future power plant for limitless clean energy.
A team of researchers from the University of Utah has investigated the bond dissociation energy property in transition metal silicides, including precise values for six specific compounds. The new method provides an accurate means of estimating bond dissociation energies, with smaller uncertainties than previous approaches.
The Department of Energy's Office of Science Early Career Research Program has awarded funding to four Oak Ridge National Laboratory researchers. The selected researchers will study exotic nuclei, simulate magnetically confined fusion plasmas and investigate the role of symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes.
Physicists at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have modeled how recycled neutral atoms enhance turbulence driven by the ion temperature gradient, cooling plasma and reducing rotation rates. The results could lead to improved understanding of plasma performance in future tokamaks and international fusion facilities like ITER.
Researchers developed self-disposing supramolecular materials with tunable lifetimes, mimicking biological processes. These materials autonomously degrade after added energy is exhausted, enabling reusable cycles and diverse applications such as drug delivery and tissue stabilization.
A new machine learning technique can help identify plasma behavior that precedes disruptions in tokamaks, allowing scientists to steer the plasma towards stability. By analyzing past experiments and predicting disruption precursors, researchers can implement a system to monitor the plasma for signs of instability.
The US-China collaboration has made excellent progress in using lithium to control ultra-hot plasma in fusion reactions. The use of lithium powder, granules, and liquid form has shown promising results in eliminating instabilities and improving energy confinement.
Researchers developed a novel approach to solve difficult computational problems using statistical mechanics and reversible logic gates, avoiding phase transitions that slow down the process. The vertex model can be applied to machine learning, circuit optimization, and other major computational challenges.
Researchers at University at Buffalo have discovered a new way to split energy levels between electron valleys in 2D semiconductors, increasing separation by a factor of 10. This could lead to more efficient computer chips and extend Moore's Law, predicting the end of transistor density increase
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed a new way to mathematically describe non-equilibrium phase transitions in physics, shedding light on key technologies for next-generation electronics. By combining quantum mechanics and topology, they created a mathematical tool to understand out-of-equilibrium processes.
Researchers found nonlocal correlations in natural systems, which are incompatible with principles of information and energy transfer. The study proposes a new method to detect these correlations, shedding light on the fascinating problem of nonlocality in quantum many-body systems.
Researchers investigate how wall materials and structures impact secondary electron emission, which can affect plasma confinement and efficiency. They find that lithium oxide linings release more secondary electrons than other materials, highlighting the need to account for reactivity in fusion models.
Researchers demonstrate that clocks placed next to each other necessarily disturb each other, causing a universal limitation on measuring time. This effect is independent of clock mechanism or material, highlighting the need to re-examine our ideas about time in both quantum mechanics and general relativity.
Louis Taillefer, a Canadian quantum physicist and CIFAR's Director of Quantum Materials program, has made groundbreaking discoveries in experimental low-temperature physics. He was awarded the Simon Memorial Prize for his contributions to understanding quantum materials.
Researchers have discovered a key link between plasma flow and turbulent transport in toroidal fusion plasmas. This understanding has led to improved confinement regimes and reduced the prospects of fusion.
Researchers used an STM to study changes in single-molecule shape and found that the tip's position impacts energy requirements and entropy. The team observed changes in energy barriers and attempt rates at low temperatures, linking entropy to fundamental physical parameters.
Scientists from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Munich have successfully measured the lifetime of an excited state in an unstable element, paving the way for the development of nuclear clocks. The research team has characterized the energy transition in the 229Th nucleus and achieved a breakthrough in this field.
Physicist Igor Kaganovich and collaborators discovered the physics driving plasma etching, a technique powering electronic devices. The research found that electrically charged gas plasma enhances etching efficiency by creating strong plasma waves.
A PPPL physicist has discovered that motion in nearby magnetic fields can trigger magnetic reconnection, a process releasing energy when magnetic field lines snap together. This research may aid fusion reactions and better understand solar phenomena.
Researchers at Forschungszentrum Jülich have developed a simpler method to characterize magnetic nanovortices, also known as skyrmions. This new technique uses X-rays to identify suitable materials with the topological charge necessary for these tiny structures.
Researchers provide a major perspective on four key problems in magnetic reconnection, including the rate problem, trigger problem, energetics problem, and interplay of scales problem. The study advances understanding of these puzzles using data from satellite sightings, laboratory experiments, and computer simulations.
Physicists can now accelerate radioactive beams to explore the unique duality in nuclear freedom, pushing back nuclear physics research boundaries. The HIE-ISOLDE project enables design of experimental tools for both single-particle and collective degrees of freedom.
Goldston's paper presented a new model for estimating scrape-off layer width, which depends on plasma drift rate across closed surfaces, and has been largely confirmed by experiments worldwide.
The University of Geneva team tested a scenario proposed by Anthony Leggett, finding it contradicts experimental results. The study reveals the importance of chemical doping in understanding high Tc superconductivity.
Physicist M. Cristina Marchetti is using the grant to characterize the physics of organization in nature, from flocking behavior of birds to coordinated motion of cells. She aims to provide a mathematical framework for describing aggregation of Myxococcus xanthus under starvation conditions.
The NOvA collaboration has made a groundbreaking discovery that suggests the flavor and mass correlation of neutrinos may be more complex than previously thought. The data collected by the NOvA experiment indicates that one of the three neutrino mass states might not include equal parts of muon and tau flavor, as previously assumed.
A Stanford-led team has devised a way to visualize the fundamental building blocks of lithium-ion batteries, revealing a complex process that was previously understood in average terms. The study could lead to better battery designs and longer lifetimes by improving uniformity and reducing mechanical stress.
Researchers at OU are developing novel technologies for next-generation solar cells with potential to increase global energy capacity and reduce fossil fuel dependence. They aim to control thermal losses and harness more of the sun's energy using 'hot' carrier solar cells.
NIST's N4 watt balance conducts its first measurement of Planck's constant, achieving accuracy of 34 parts per billion. This result is consistent with other countries' measurements and sets the stage for a new kilogram definition by 2018.
Scientists detect and quantify metastability induced by disorder in granular materials for the first time. The team uses a parameter from liquid crystal physics to measure force chain orientation, confirming the relationship between disorder and metastable energy states.
UCI researchers demonstrate that machine sounds can carry information about precise movements of a printer's nozzle, enabling the reverse engineering of objects being printed. This new kind of cyberattack presents significant security risks for companies, particularly during prototyping phases.
Theorists have shown that particles of different energies sense slightly modified versions of spacetime, leading to a phenomenon similar to a rainbow. This discovery suggests that the structure of spacetime sensed by individual particles depends on their energy.
PPPL's role in the W7-X stellarator experiment marks a significant achievement in fusion research. The US collaboration has successfully created and maintained a hot plasma for up to 30 minutes, a crucial milestone in developing sustainable fusion energy.
Researchers found a helix-shaped whirlpool of plasma that acts as a dynamo, creating electric and magnetic fields to prevent current from peaking. The conditions for this behavior include specific pressure and current gradients.
The DFG is establishing 16 new Research Training Groups to support early career researchers in Germany. The groups will focus on topics such as the mechanisms of aging, cultures of critique, and the neurobiology of aggression and impulsivity. Funding for the programs is approximately €72 million over a four-and-a-half-year period.
Researchers found a swirling plasma dynamo that generates electric and magnetic fields to stabilize plasma, prevent 'sawtooth cycle' instabilities. The dynamo behavior occurs under specific conditions with rotating magnetic field lines and pressure gradients.
NYU researchers found that fish and birds can move in two distinct speeds when swimming in groups, with one speed conserving energy and the other allowing for faster escapes from predators. The study's innovative methodology mimics infinitely large schools using robotic wings and water tank, offering insights into air and water flows.
A team of researchers has experimentally connected classical and quantum mechanics by observing a dynamic Mott transition in a superconductor. The discovery sheds light on non-equilibrium physics and could lead to more efficient electronics.
Researchers at PPPL have developed a detailed model of the source of the density limit, a puzzling limitation on fusion reactions. The findings suggest that a runaway growth of bubble-like islands can cause the plasma gas to cool and spiral apart, disrupting the reaction.
Scientists have developed a new method to control plasma rotation, a crucial aspect of fusion energy. The technique, which manipulates the intrinsic rotation of hot plasma gas within fusion facilities, has the potential to improve tokamaks' performance and reduce operating costs.
Researchers discovered a way to prevent dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries by adding chemicals to the electrolyte, improving safety and performance. The new approach could lead to more efficient and longer-lasting batteries with potential applications in electric vehicles and energy storage.
Dr. Hiroo Kanamori received the Marcus Milling Legendary Geoscientist Medal for his pioneering discoveries in understanding large earthquakes and developing scaling relations between earthquake parameters. His work has allowed geoscientists to better predict tsunami-prone communities.