Articles tagged with Energy
Physicist M. Cristina Marchetti is using the grant to characterize the physics of organization in nature, from flocking behavior of birds to coordinated motion of cells. She aims to provide a mathematical framework for describing aggregation of Myxococcus xanthus under starvation conditions.
The NOvA collaboration has made a groundbreaking discovery that suggests the flavor and mass correlation of neutrinos may be more complex than previously thought. The data collected by the NOvA experiment indicates that one of the three neutrino mass states might not include equal parts of muon and tau flavor, as previously assumed.
A Stanford-led team has devised a way to visualize the fundamental building blocks of lithium-ion batteries, revealing a complex process that was previously understood in average terms. The study could lead to better battery designs and longer lifetimes by improving uniformity and reducing mechanical stress.
Researchers at OU are developing novel technologies for next-generation solar cells with potential to increase global energy capacity and reduce fossil fuel dependence. They aim to control thermal losses and harness more of the sun's energy using 'hot' carrier solar cells.
NIST's N4 watt balance conducts its first measurement of Planck's constant, achieving accuracy of 34 parts per billion. This result is consistent with other countries' measurements and sets the stage for a new kilogram definition by 2018.
Scientists detect and quantify metastability induced by disorder in granular materials for the first time. The team uses a parameter from liquid crystal physics to measure force chain orientation, confirming the relationship between disorder and metastable energy states.
UCI researchers demonstrate that machine sounds can carry information about precise movements of a printer's nozzle, enabling the reverse engineering of objects being printed. This new kind of cyberattack presents significant security risks for companies, particularly during prototyping phases.
Theorists have shown that particles of different energies sense slightly modified versions of spacetime, leading to a phenomenon similar to a rainbow. This discovery suggests that the structure of spacetime sensed by individual particles depends on their energy.
PPPL's role in the W7-X stellarator experiment marks a significant achievement in fusion research. The US collaboration has successfully created and maintained a hot plasma for up to 30 minutes, a crucial milestone in developing sustainable fusion energy.
Researchers found a helix-shaped whirlpool of plasma that acts as a dynamo, creating electric and magnetic fields to prevent current from peaking. The conditions for this behavior include specific pressure and current gradients.
The DFG is establishing 16 new Research Training Groups to support early career researchers in Germany. The groups will focus on topics such as the mechanisms of aging, cultures of critique, and the neurobiology of aggression and impulsivity. Funding for the programs is approximately €72 million over a four-and-a-half-year period.
Researchers found a swirling plasma dynamo that generates electric and magnetic fields to stabilize plasma, prevent 'sawtooth cycle' instabilities. The dynamo behavior occurs under specific conditions with rotating magnetic field lines and pressure gradients.
NYU researchers found that fish and birds can move in two distinct speeds when swimming in groups, with one speed conserving energy and the other allowing for faster escapes from predators. The study's innovative methodology mimics infinitely large schools using robotic wings and water tank, offering insights into air and water flows.
A team of researchers has experimentally connected classical and quantum mechanics by observing a dynamic Mott transition in a superconductor. The discovery sheds light on non-equilibrium physics and could lead to more efficient electronics.
Researchers at PPPL have developed a detailed model of the source of the density limit, a puzzling limitation on fusion reactions. The findings suggest that a runaway growth of bubble-like islands can cause the plasma gas to cool and spiral apart, disrupting the reaction.
Scientists have developed a new method to control plasma rotation, a crucial aspect of fusion energy. The technique, which manipulates the intrinsic rotation of hot plasma gas within fusion facilities, has the potential to improve tokamaks' performance and reduce operating costs.
Researchers discovered a way to prevent dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries by adding chemicals to the electrolyte, improving safety and performance. The new approach could lead to more efficient and longer-lasting batteries with potential applications in electric vehicles and energy storage.
Dr. Hiroo Kanamori received the Marcus Milling Legendary Geoscientist Medal for his pioneering discoveries in understanding large earthquakes and developing scaling relations between earthquake parameters. His work has allowed geoscientists to better predict tsunami-prone communities.
Researchers have created a novel plasma diagnostics method by studying the pressure change at the inner walls of energy-saving light bulbs. The technique measures the force exerted on a solid surface by plasma, providing insights into processes that conventional probes can't detect.
Scientists at PPPL identified how magnetic reconnection transforms magnetic energy into particle energy, with 50% conversion rate. The process involves electron energization and creation of electrically charged field that powers ions.
The UT Arlington particle physics team has been awarded a $2.5 million, three-year Department of Energy grant to continue their work on the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The grant represents a 25% increase in funding and recognizes the team's innovative ideas and research.
The US Department of Energy has recognized six exceptional scientists and engineers with the 2013 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award for their contributions to research and development supporting energy, science, and national security missions. The award recipients have made significant advances in various scientific fields.
The CEBAF accelerator successfully delivered its first data of the 12 GeV era, achieving 6.11 GeV electrons at 2 nanoAmps average current for over an hour. The milestone marks a major step in the commissioning process and demonstrates the ability to deliver high-energy beams beyond the original operational energy.
Researchers have predicted that a single layer of tin atoms, dubbed 'stanene,' will exhibit 100% electrical conductivity at room temperature. This breakthrough has the potential to significantly reduce power consumption and heat production in future computer chips.
Researchers suggest the Higgs boson could help resolve the cosmological constant problem by introducing another background field that contributes an energy density matching the observed dark energy. This advance provides new insights into understanding dark energy's mysterious nature.
Physicists propose a unified framework for understanding matter, energy, space, and time. The report highlights pressing questions, such as the nature of dark matter and neutrinos, and outlines 20-year research priorities.
Researchers found that pyrrole molecule movement is affected by quantum laws, changing the energy landscape and impacting the whole molecule. The study's results suggest that 'zero-point energy' plays a crucial role in the molecule's diffusion on metal surfaces.
Female leaders in clean energy were honored at the Women in Clean Energy Symposium, including C3E award winners who made significant contributions to policy, innovation, education, and corporate implementation. The event highlighted the importance of local initiatives in advancing national energy plans.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory use RHIC to study the transition from quark-gluon plasma to nuclear matter, with initial hints of a phase boundary revealed. The experiment varies energy and ion types to explore the properties of primordial plasma.
Research by physics professor Victor Yakovenko links income inequality with bursting financial bubbles. He models income distribution using statistical physics, finding a long tail in the upper 3% of incomes that correlates with investment downturns.
Scientists at PPPL have discovered a new process that releases magnetic energy faster than expected by classical theories. The 3-D process involves the formation of high current ropes called flux ropes, which are ejected out of the reconnection region, leading to a sudden decrease in current density.
Physicists are being called on to take action against climate change by reducing their own carbon footprints. By changing behavior at the individual level and carefully planning future experiments, physicists can contribute to a more sustainable energy supply.
Scientists have discovered an exotic nucleus called fluorine-14, comprising nine protons and five neutrons, which exists for a fraction of a second before releasing a proton. The team's experiments were enabled by supercomputers and advanced simulation codes, including the Universal Nuclear Energy Density Functional (UNEDF) project.
Laurence Littenberg, Brookhaven Lab physicist, wins W.K.H. Panofsky Prize for discovering a rare kaon decay with a probability of one in ten billion. This achievement sheds light on the universe's fundamental forces and basic building blocks, as explained by the Standard Model.
A US-European team has found that magnetism drives unconventional superconductivity in heavy-fermion materials, with magnetic energy saved by over 10 times when the system enters a superconducting state. The study provides evidence for collective fluctuations of electrons at the border of magnetism as capable of driving superconductivity.
Researchers at UCLA have successfully controlled chemical reactions mechanically, enabling precise manipulation of molecular interactions. By applying mechanical stress to enzymes, they can influence specific steps in the reaction process, paving the way for new applications in medicine and beyond.
The Fermilab experiments have excluded a quarter of the expected Higgs mass range, with a new mass range established at 158-175 GeV/c^2. The Standard Model predicts a mass range of 114-185 GeV/c^2.
Physicists at McGill University have developed a cantilever force sensor to measure the energy involved in adding electrons to semi-conductor nanocrystals. This innovation could lead to the development of components replacing silicon chips in computers, increasing speed and reducing size.
Physicists at Iowa State University are starting to see real data from the Large Hadron Collider, a multibillion-dollar particle accelerator. The team is analyzing the data from the ATLAS experiment's silicon pixel detector, which uses 80 million pixels to make precise measurements of particles created in high-energy collisions.
The QPACE supercomputer is the world's most energy-efficient supercomputer, developed by a German academic consortium and IBM. It uses a novel concept of connecting processors by a network of programmable units to achieve high performance and scalability.
The University of Delaware has received a $4.4 million grant from ARPA-E to develop stronger, more efficient permanent magnets for various industries. The project aims to identify new materials that can result in magnets twice as strong as current ones.
Using precision techniques, researchers pinpointed a single copper-oxide layer as the key to superconductivity in a material. The discovery could lead to precision engineering of ultrathin films with tunable superconductivity for higher-efficiency electronic devices.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck experimentally prove the existence of four-body loss resonances closely tied to Efimov trimer states, providing strong evidence for these new universal states. This achievement marks an important step towards simplifying laws for complex interactions in few-body physics.
The U.S. Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility has awarded three contracts for a $310 million upgrade project, which will provide a cutting-edge facility for studying the building blocks of matter. The contracts are worth $1.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively, for construction and materials require...
Research on the centre of planets provides deeper insight into controlled thermonuclear fusion and improves models of Jupiter and Saturn. The study reveals that extreme matter behaves like a charged liquid at smaller distances but acts more like a gas over larger lengths.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have discovered a new class of glassy materials governed by dynamic disorder. The discovery reveals the role of temporal frustration in disrupting magnetic alignment, allowing for better understanding of how glasses are formed.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new method to predict the properties of light nuclei, allowing for better understanding of element origins and star behavior. This breakthrough enables more accurate calculations of nuclear reaction rates, which are crucial for astrophysics experiments.
Physicists with the CLEO collaboration have confirmed a decades-old prediction by observing a rare and extremely short-lived subatomic particle called charmed-strange meson. The particle decays into a proton and anti-neutron, producing about 10% of all collisions in the accelerator.
The SUPERCABLE project will build a 30m superconductor cable with a current value of 3200 Amperes RMS, transporting the electrical strength of 110 MVA. This technology aims to reduce energy consumption by 10-15% and greenhouse gas emissions.
The ATLAS upgrade, called CARIBU, will enable researchers to accelerate beams of short-lived radioactive isotopes and study unstable nuclei. This will help scientists better understand the universe's heavy elements, including those created in supernovae explosions.
The US Department of Energy's Office of Science has awarded 45 projects 95 million hours of computing time on powerful supercomputers to advance research in various fields, including astrophysics, materials science, and climate research. These awards will enable researchers to create more accurate models, simulate complex processes, an...
Astrophysicist Saul Perlmutter wins prestigious International Feltrinelli Prize for his groundbreaking research on dark energy and the accelerating expansion of the universe. The prize recognizes Perlmutter's contributions to our understanding of the universe's mysterious force, dark energy.
Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess, and Brian Schmidt share the prize for their work on measuring changes in the universe's expansion rate. Their discovery has implications for understanding dark energy and its impact on galaxy distances.
Researchers found that a nanoscale corrugated surface increases YBCO films' current-carrying capacity by over 30%. This suggests that some degree of substrate roughness might improve high-temperature superconductor performance.
A UCLA professor has been awarded a major DOE grant to develop algorithms that can solve complex plasma physics problems, which could lead to breakthroughs in controlled fusion reactors and clean energy. The research is part of the Office of Science's "Multiscale Mathematics" program.
Researchers successfully amplify a phenomenon predicted by computer simulations, challenging the idea that equilibrium states are impossible in nonlinear systems. The discovery also sheds new light on the Young's modulus of materials.
Ron Davidson, a professor at Princeton University, has received the 2005 Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award for his contributions to the theory of charged particle beams. His work has applications in particle physics, nuclear physics, ion-beam-driven fusion, high energy density physics, and cancer therapy.
Termite guts have been found to convert cellulose into ethanol, a potential solution for the world's energy supply and storage problems. Chu believes that biology can be used as a solution to pressing environmental issues.
Scientists have discovered that higher energies cause Bose quasiparticles to decay, leading to spectrum termination in certain materials. The research, conducted using neutron scattering measurements, confirms predictions made by Russian Nobel Prize-winning physicist L.D. Landau.
The UCLA-Maryland Center for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics will investigate three plasma mysteries: sawteeth, tearing instabilities, and transport barriers. The research aims to improve the performance of the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and develop a safe, nearly limitless energy source.