Articles tagged with Gravitation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers Richard Saltus and Richard Blakely presented examples of unique interpretations from 'non-unique' models, combining observations to narrow down theoretical solutions. This approach successfully solves important geological issues, such as detailed images of fault zones.
Matthew Ritsko, a Financial Manager at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, won the 2011 Presidential Securing Americans' Value and Efficiency (SAVE) award for his proposal to create a 'lending library' of space tools and hardware. The idea garnered over 19,000 votes from more than 48,000 Americans.
NICER will measure X-rays from hotspots on a neutron star's surface and its magnetic field, revealing the star's size and helping researchers determine an Equation Of State. This will unlock the secret of matter under extreme gravity in these incredibly dense objects.
Researchers at the University of Vienna aim to measure general relativistic time on a quantum scale by exploiting quantum interference and complementarity. They consider a single clock in a superposition of two locations, one closer and one further away from Earth, where gravity's effects are different.
Astrophysicists have measured how light is affected by gravity on its way out of galaxy clusters, confirming the general theory of relativity. The observations show that the gravitational redshift of light is proportionally offset in relation to the galaxy cluster's gravity.
New research by University of York scientists proposes that quantum mechanics could be the key to understanding how black holes work, potentially allowing information to escape. The study's findings suggest a possible breakthrough in our understanding of gravity and its relationship with space and time.
Researchers from Boston College and Harvard analyzed Pollock's techniques, revealing his use of jets, drops, and sheets governed by fluid dynamics. The team described Pollock's physical technique in terms of paint load volume, viscosity, flow rates, and gravity.
Researchers at UCSB successfully reproduced the Josephson junction using Einstein's general theory of relativity, a breakthrough that sheds new light on non-gravitational physics. The discovery has significant implications for understanding superconductivity and the development of room-temperature superconductors.
Scientists found that brain's estimate of gravity direction biases perception of object stability, with better judgments when upright than on side. The study has implications for existing theories of human perception and suggests integrating multisensory information.
Recent analysis by University of Maryland astronomer Stacy McGaugh confirms MOND's prediction for gas-rich galaxies, performing better than dark matter models. This finding raises new questions about the accuracy of the reigning cosmological model and the nature of gravity on small scales.
Gravitational lenses enable scientists to study distant galaxies in greater detail, revealing how galaxies like our own Milky Way emerged from the early Universe. Next-generation telescopes will be able to determine the effect of magnification on galaxy brightness with more precision.
Researchers found that up to 20% of the most distant galaxies appear brighter than they actually are due to strong gravitational lensing. This effect enables astronomers to detect more galaxies but requires correction to ensure accurate tallies.
Nine dark energy models have been tested and compared using the latest observational data, including type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillation, and cosmic microwave background. The cosmological constant (CC) model is found to be the best fit, with five other models providing a good fit to the current data.
A new study predicts where neutron star mergers are likely to occur in the local galactic neighborhood, providing valuable information for researchers at gravitational-wave detectors. The predictions suggest that astronomers might not want to look in the nearest galaxies for optical counterparts of gravitational waves.
A team of Stanford researchers has successfully tested a device that may help protect satellites from tiny meteoroid collisions. The canopy, which was tested in zero gravity, could potentially be deployed to shield spacecraft from micrometeoroids and interference with electronic equipment.
Researchers have simulated the merger of two black holes with vastly different sizes, achieving a 100:1 mass ratio for the first time. This breakthrough allows for more realistic astrophysical scenarios and prediction of observational effects.
Researchers found that cats, regardless of size, use a delicate balance between gravity and inertia to lap milk efficiently. The cat's tongue moves in a subtle motion, creating a column of liquid that is then pinched off by the cat's chin.
Researchers are tracing electromagnetic signatures back to the impact of colliding black holes to detect them with ordinary visible light. They're creating a detailed blueprint for future scientists and simulating mergers to aid in gravitational wave discovery, proving general relativity.
Scientists have discovered a connection between the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation, with QBO signals exhibiting weaker amplitudes and faster cycles during El Niño conditions. Additionally, a new method separates pollution's effects on clouds from sea spray's influence, revealing distinct...
Researchers propose that Enceladus' libration, a slight wobble as it rotates, could be responsible for generating heat and keeping its ocean liquid. This finding is significant in the search for life, as it suggests that the moon's environment may be stable enough to support development.
New supercomputer simulations show what the solar system might look like to alien astronomers searching for planets. The models also provide a glimpse of how this view might have changed as our planetary system matured.
Physicists at NIST have proposed an experiment to test gravity's behavior at very close scales, where electromagnetic forces dominate. The experiment involves suspending a glass bead in a laser beam 'bottle' to measure its motion relative to nearby objects with unprecedented sensitivity.
A team of K-state researchers is conducting a three-year study funded by a $1.2 million NASA grant to understand the impact of microgravity on human physiology. They aim to develop simple tests that astronauts can use in space to assess their physical conditioning and determine if they have the capacity to perform lunar tasks.
Researchers credited with discovery, PSR J2007+2722, a neutron star rotating 41 times per second, has no orbiting companion and is likely recycled or young, sparking interest in basic physics of neutron stars. This is the first genuine astronomical discovery by a public volunteer distributed computing project.
A team of volunteer researchers have discovered a new radio pulsar, PSR J2007+2722, in data from the Arecibo Observatory. The pulsar is believed to be a disrupted recycled pulsar, spinning at an unprecedented 41 times per second, offering insights into neutron star formation and evolution.
Using gauge/gravity duality, researchers identified a system with unusual properties similar to strange metals, which can be explained by gravitational mechanics. This approach may shed light on other materials and predict their behavior.
Astronomers have discovered the first case of a distant galaxy being magnified by a quasar, allowing them to measure the masses of these host galaxies. This breakthrough provides new insights into galaxy formation and evolution, enabling scientists to better understand the relationship between quasars and their host galaxies.
Researchers explore how wrinkles adapt to edges and quantify their formation, providing insights into biological tissue and material properties. They find that surface tension forces films to lie flat near the edge, while gravity prefers shallow ripples in the center.
Alana Oldham and colleagues found that water stress, due to gravity's effect on the water column, drives leaf anatomy and morphology in redwoods. This reduces photosynthesis in the upper canopy, but increases water-stress tolerance traits below.
Scientists from the Max Planck Institute and University of Hanover generate a Bose-Einstein condensate in zero gravity, extending measurement time by over tenfold. The experiment uses an atom chip to study the effects of gravitational fields on quantum gases.
The GOCE satellite has determined precise gravitational forces in the Himalayas, confirming previous hypotheses of inaccuracies in conventional models. The satellite's data will contribute to a better understanding of geophysical processes, including earthquakes and ocean circulation.
Researchers have made direct measurements of the size and brightness of regions of star-birth in a very distant galaxy using the APEX telescope. The galaxy is so bright due to massive dust grains heated by starlight, revealing star formation at a rate equivalent to about 250 Suns per year.
A team of Princeton University scientists tested Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity at cosmic scales, concluding it works as well in vast distances as in local regions. They analyzed over 70,000 galaxies and demonstrated that the universe follows Einstein's rules up to 3.5 billion light years from Earth.
A team of researchers has analyzed over 70,000 galaxies to test two modified gravity theories that aim to explain dark matter's effects on the universe. The study found that one theory, TeVeS, can be excluded due to large uncertainty in measurements, while another theory, f(R), still allows for exclusion of dark energy with current data.
A galaxy study confirms the validity of general relativity on a cosmic scale, with the existence of dark matter as the most likely explanation for observed phenomena. The study rules out alternative theories of gravity, including tensor-vector-scalar gravity and f(R), which fail to predict the observed galaxy clustering and distortion.
A new experiment using an atom interferometer has confirmed Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity by measuring the gravitational redshift with unprecedented precision. The result shows that gravity changes the flow of time, a concept fundamental to the theory, and demonstrates the accuracy of Einstein's predictions.
A new study by John Anderson of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory has compiled a list of 100 earthquakes with the strongest peak accelerations (PGA) and velocities (PGV) ever recorded, exceeding thresholds of 7.31 m/s2 for acceleration and 0.65 m/s for velocity.
Researchers found two brown dwarf-sized masses around an ordinary star, which is extremely rare. The discovery suggests that planets may assemble around stars more quickly and efficiently than thought possible.
Researchers have imaged Yellowstone's plumbing using seismic waves, revealing a plume of hot rock rising from the northwest at a depth of at least 410 miles. The new findings suggest a larger magma chamber than previously thought, potentially leading to an even more catastrophic eruption.
Astronauts returning from long-duration space missions face balance problems, including dizziness and difficulty standing. Researchers have developed an adaptability training system using a treadmill with simulated balance disturbances to help them adapt quickly.
A recent space experiment using the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope has provided evidence about the fundamental structure of space and time. The team confirmed aspects of Einstein's theories of gravity, which unite space and time in the concept of space-time.
Two gamma-ray photons arrived at NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope with almost identical speeds, confirming Einstein's special theory of relativity. The high-energy photon was a million times more energetic than the lower-energy one, but its speed was not significantly different.
Researchers from the University of Texas at Austin and other institutions have made new ground measurements that suggest the West Antarctic ice sheet is losing ice slightly more slowly than estimated. The findings could improve estimates of ice mass loss and provide a clearer picture of Antarctica's contribution to rising sea levels.
Case Western Reserve University researchers tested a key process for extracting oxygen from celestial soils on the 'vomit comet' ride, finding that sifters can work effectively in low gravity. The technology is essential for building a space outpost and has applications beyond lunar missions.
Researchers used VLBA system to measure bending of starlight by gravity, achieving precision of one part in 30,000. The accurate measurement brings scientists closer to uniting General Relativity and quantum theory.
A study published in Psychological Science found that carrying a heavy clipboard increased volunteers' judgment of the value of foreign currencies and the importance of social justice issues. The researchers propose that this effect may be linked to embodied cognition, where bodily experiences shape mental processes.
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration have set the most stringent limits yet on the amount of gravitational waves that could have come from the Big Bang. The analysis of data taken over a two-year period has constrained current theories about universe formation, including models of cosmic strings and superstrings.
Using NASA satellite data, scientists found that groundwater levels in northern India have been declining by as much as one foot per year over the past decade. Human activities such as irrigation are being blamed for this loss, which is equivalent to filling Lake Mead three times.
Researchers used a NASA centrifuge to simulate artificial gravity and found that just one hour a day was enough to maintain thigh muscle protein synthesis. The study suggests that this could be a potential countermeasure for preventing muscle loss in space, with implications for human health on Earth as well.
Researchers have developed a new class of metamaterials that mimic celestial mechanics, allowing for the study of gravitational lensing and chaos in a lab setting. This breakthrough enables scientists to study relativity phenomena, such as gravitational lensing, in a controlled environment.
A new dark energy model proposes a cosmological phase transition, where the universe 'froze' about 11.5 billion years ago, causing it to expand at an ever-increasing rate. This theory attributes dark energy to a field dubbed quintessence, which acts as an antigravity agent and is spread uniformly throughout space.
Researchers found that the 'caustic curve' shape, seen in sunlight reflections on water or boat hulls, is connected to gravitational lensing effects in distant galaxies. The discovery could enable scientists to map dark matter clumps using caustic violations.
Dr. Manik Talwani, president of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International (IODP-MI), has been awarded the German Medal of Honor in geophysics. He was recognized for his work on gravity measurements, particularly on the moon, and his contributions to ocean drilling research.
Scientists have directly observed a gigantic star blowing up, supporting the idea that massive stars end as black holes. The explosion revealed most of the star's mass collapsed into a dense core, creating an invisible black hole.
The GOCE satellite will study global ocean currents, ocean topography, and the structure of the Earth's crust with unprecedented precision. The satellite's high-resolution gravity mapping will enhance our understanding of climate change.
The Sherman Fairchild Foundation has awarded $3.1 million to Caltech to support the SXS program, which simulates black hole collisions and neutron star ruptures with high accuracy using the Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC). The grant will enable the team to perfect SpEC and simulate other warped-spacetime phenomena.
A Tel Aviv University researcher is studying how the uterus contracts before embryo implantation, suggesting optimal timing and positioning can improve IVF success rates. The research aims to reduce the risk of multiple births and genetic diseases in IVF babies.
Researchers have discovered a new connection between Carter's constant and Newtonian gravity, shedding light on the behavior of rotating black holes. The findings have significant implications for gravitational-wave astronomy, potentially allowing the detection of small black hole orbits.
A new study published in Science suggests that a collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet could lead to significantly higher sea level rise than currently projected, with devastating effects on coastal areas and global sea levels. The research takes into account various forces, including gravity, changes in the Earth's rotation, and la...
A new study published in Science resolves the mystery of how massive stars can form without blowing away the gas and dust that feed their growth. The research found that instabilities develop in the collapsing gas cloud, creating channels where radiation blows out into space while gas continues to fall inward.