Articles tagged with Gravitation
Researchers from RIKEN developed transportable optical lattice clocks to make precise measurements of time dilation effect, validating Einstein's theory of general relativity. The study uses clocks on the base and top of the Tokyo Skytree tower to demonstrate a significant difference in clock speed due to gravity
Physicists Rees McNally and Tanya Zelevinsky have proposed two novel methods of searching for dark matter by measuring tiny perturbations in fundamental constants. These methods involve using gravity sensors and LIGO gravitational wave detectors to detect a small extra 'push' or acceleration on normal matter caused by dark matter clumps.
Astronomers have discovered a one-sided pulsator in the Milky Way, with citizen scientists providing crucial clues. The star's unusual single-sided pulsation is caused by its location in a binary star system with a red dwarf companion.
Theoretical physicists calculate the birth of baby universes 46 times, showing a link between gravity and soliton. The study uses the JT gravity model to demonstrate the unification of quantum mechanics and gravity.
A new algorithm can detect changes in gravity caused by earthquakes, potentially leading to earlier warnings and more accurate predictions. The signal is generated by the sudden shift in the earth's internal mass during an earthquake, and its detection could help identify strong earthquakes that may trigger tsunamis.
Researchers develop framework to consider asteroid mass, momentum, and warning time to determine most successful deflection mission. The method could be used to design optimal mission configuration and campaign to deflect potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroids.
Laloë's theory combines adding a random term to the Schrödinger equation with another concept from de Broglie and Bohm, relating quantum collapse to the universal gravitational field. This approach can be applied to both macroscopic objects like cats and atoms.
Researchers developed a mechanical linkage containing bistable joints that can transform into stable, locked curves through state-transitioning wave propagation. The approach enables the creation of deployable 3D structures of arbitrary shapes with potential for larger-scale applications.
A new study in Frontiers in Neuroscience used virtual reality to determine how people plan their movements by
Researchers found over a dozen massive black holes in dwarf galaxies that were previously thought too small to host them. The study revealed that most black holes were located at the outskirts of galaxies rather than centers.
Researchers at the University of California, Davis used gravitational lensing to study dark matter's properties. They found that dark matter particles could be lighter and more rapidly-moving, which may affect galaxy formation.
A new study reveals insects experience similar physiological effects of gravity as humans, with air sacs expanding in response to orientation. Insects have an active response called functional compartmentalization, allowing them to control pressure and maintain blood flow.
The American grasshopper's circulatory system responds dramatically to changes in body position due to gravity, affecting blood and air distribution. Physiological compensation mechanisms similar to vertebrates suggest an ancient, widespread response to gravitational forces.
Grasshoppers adjust their cardiovascular and respiratory activity in response to gravity, with mechanisms similar to those found in vertebrates. The study reveals that insects have functional valves and can control fluid flow to prevent blood pooling in the brain.
The IKBFU scientists proposed a new theory suggesting that the 'Dark Energy' is not a mysterious entity but rather a manifestation of the universe's boundaries. They draw an analogy with the Earth, where we experience attraction due to gravity but also have no physical boundaries.
Researchers have developed a novel 'quantum expander' to improve signal-to-noise ratio at kilohertz frequencies in gravitational-wave observatories. This innovative approach squeezes quantum uncertainty of laser light inside optical resonators, expanding detection bandwidth.
The study investigates the physical forces acting on Enceladus that allow the tiger stripe fissures to form and remain in place. The researchers found that the fissures could have formed on either pole, but the south pole's unique deformation led to their formation.
A new approach to atom interferometers allows for highly sensitive measurements of gravity and could be used in tests of general relativity. The trapped atom design greatly enhances sensitivity and precision over previous iterations, improving the signal-to-noise ratio by over 10,000-fold.
The Hubble Space Telescope reveals a remote galaxy split into multiple images by gravitational lensing, allowing astronomers to study its structure and environment. The Sunburst Arc, 11 billion light-years away, resembles galaxies from an earlier time in the universe's history.
WFIRST's wide-field surveys will study galaxy distributions and dark matter effects, providing new insight into its fundamental nature. The mission aims to fill gaps in understanding dark matter, tracing its role in galaxy formation and evolution.
Astronomers used computer simulations to explore the evolution of high-mass planetary systems, finding that collisional growth and gravitational interactions lead to eccentric orbits. The models suggest a crucial role for giant impacts in producing close-in giant planets with high masses.
Researchers simulated the critical reheating period at the end of cosmic inflation, which may have bridged the gap between inflation and the Big Bang. The simulations suggest that quantum effects could have redistributed energy quickly, producing conditions necessary for the start of the Big Bang.
The NSF awards $2.8M to develop a Scalable Cyberinfrastructure Institute for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (SCIMMA) to analyze large-scale distributed data. The project aims to accelerate scientific discovery in multi-messenger astrophysics by facilitating global collaborations.
Physicists propose detecting wormholes by searching for small deviations in the orbit of stars near Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole. The technique could reveal the presence of traversable or non-traversable wormholes.
Researchers use gravity crystals to study the physics of white dwarf stars, shedding light on Wigner crystallization and its application to these celestial bodies. The discovery reveals similar behavior between gravity crystals and white dwarf stars, highlighting the robust nature of this phenomenon.
A team of researchers from the University of Delaware examined the age, origin, and sustainability of fossil aquifers in the Mega Aquifer System (MAS) in the Arabian Peninsula. They used a combination of geochemical analysis, satellite data, and field investigations to determine the quality and age of the water.
Researchers have successfully used a massive galaxy cluster as an X-ray magnifying glass to detect a tiny dwarf galaxy in its first, high-energy stages of star formation. The technique allows for the zooming in on extreme, distant X-ray-emitting phenomena and could be used to age-date different parts of a galaxy.
Astronomers detected a massive planet, GJ 3512b, orbiting the small red dwarf star GJ 3512, defying predictions of theoretical models. The discovery poses questions about planetary formation mechanisms and encourages further research.
A new NASA visualization reveals how a black hole distorts space, creating a warped view of its surroundings like a carnival mirror. The extreme gravity bends light from the accretion disk, producing a misshapen appearance.
A unified framework has been developed to account for the apparent breakdown between classical and quantum physics. Researchers tested this framework using a quantum satellite called Micius, where they produced and measured entangled particles. The results ruled out one version of the theory but left another open to testing.
Researchers propose using gravitational-wave observatories to detect axions, which could be a type of dark matter. Axions are predicted to modulate light polarization and can be detected with existing laser-based experiments, offering a cost-effective solution to the hunt for dark matter.
Researchers have found a magic wavelength in cadmium, enabling the creation of atomic clocks with unprecedented accuracy. This breakthrough could revolutionize time measurement and test new physics theories.
For the first time, scientists have detected two specific tones, or overtones, in the
A new technique developed by researchers at the University of Illinois and Kyushu University in Japan uses less than 1% of the energy required for traditional de-icing methods to melt a thin layer of ice at the surface interface, allowing it to slide off under gravity. This approach is more efficient and reduces system downtime.
The TEMPLATES team will study four galaxies using gravitational lensing to magnify light and gain insights into star formation. They aim to measure star-formation rates, map galaxy distributions, compare young and old stellar populations, and reveal how galaxies grow over time.
Researchers studied root gravitropism across diverse plant species, finding it emerged slowly in ancient plants and became more efficient in seed plants. Key components of the mechanism include starch-filled organelles acting as gravity sensors and auxin polarization facilitating growth regulation.
Astronomers observe WASP-121b, a scorching hot exoplanet losing its atmosphere and emitting heavy metals like iron and magnesium. The planet's extreme conditions make it an ideal target for studying the physics of ultra-hot Jupiters.
Researchers detected gravitational redshift in star orbiting Sagittarius A* black hole, consistent with general relativity. The findings provide a 'transformational change' in understanding supermassive blackholes and their physics.
A UCLA-led team, led by Andrea Ghez, has conducted the most comprehensive test of general relativity near a supermassive black hole. Their analysis confirms that Einstein's theory is still valid but also reveals its vulnerability in explaining gravity inside a black hole.
In a study published in Scientific Reports, researchers found that changing gravity levels altered the bone mass of mice's forefoot and boosted their leg muscles. The findings suggest new avenues for developing treatments for skeletal diseases like osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that resveratrol supplementation preserved muscle function and mitigated muscle atrophy under Martian gravity. The study suggests that resveratrol could be a key dietary supplement to maintain musculoskeletal health on long-term Mars missions.
A Harvard study suggests that resveratrol can preserve muscle mass and strength in rats exposed to simulated Mars gravity, with almost complete rescue of front and rear paw grip. The compound's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may help conserve muscle and bone in astronauts on long missions to Mars.
A tabletop sensor will detect cosmic events producing waves above 10 kHz, possibly related to dark matter. The Levitated Sensor Detector complements LIGO and Virgo observatories, observing smaller cosmic events that produce gravitational waves at higher frequencies.
Researchers observed a supermassive black hole in galaxy NGC 3147 with an unusual thin disk of gas swirling around it, contrary to predictions. The team used Hubble Space Telescope's STIS instrument to study the disk, revealing unique features that can only be explained by Einstein's theories of relativity.
Researchers at Durham University used supercomputer simulations to test Chameleon Theory, an alternative model for gravity. The findings suggest that galaxies like the Milky Way can form even with different laws of gravity, providing a new perspective on galaxy formation and dark energy.
A new AI model, D3M, generates complex 3D simulations of the universe in milliseconds, achieving accuracy comparable to high-accuracy models. The breakthrough enables researchers to explore various cosmic scenarios without sacrificing accuracy.
Human sperm samples exposed to microgravity have shown no significant difference in viability compared to those on Earth. The study found 100% concordance in DNA fragmentation rate and vitality, and 90% concordance in sperm concentration and motility.
A new study by Hirosi Ooguri and Daniel Harlow finds that symmetry is not possible in quantum gravity when combined with the holographic principle. This breaks the long-held expectation of physicists and has several important consequences, including proton stability and magnetic monopole existence.
Researchers found that gravitational forces of an unseen moon outside the rings could cause gaps in the ring structure, but the effect is unlikely to be caused by a currently unseen moon.
Using superhydrophobic surfaces and vertical condensers, the team found that combining surface tension and gravity increases condenser efficiency. This method sheds moisture more efficiently than relying solely on jumping droplets or gravity, benefiting power plants and other heat exchange systems.
The GRACE mission has provided unprecedented insight into global water resources, measuring polar ice loss and ocean currents. The data has also highlighted the impact of drought and aquifer depletion worldwide.
Scientists at Tohoku University create a displacement sensor to measure the gravity of extremely small masses, shedding light on the nature of gravity in quantum regimes. The research enables experimentation with gravitational coupling between small masses, paving the way for new discoveries.
Messier 75 is a globular cluster located approximately 67,000 light-years away from Earth in the Sagittarius constellation. The cluster features an enormous core with about 400,000 stars, making it one of the most densely populated clusters ever discovered.
Astronomers have observed a unique X-ray signal from a binary neutron star merger 6.6 billion light years away, which is highly likely powered by a magnetar. This discovery provides new insights into the physics of neutron stars and challenges existing theories on the ending of a binary neutron star merger system.
Researchers found evidence of a solid inner core in Mercury, approximately 1,260 miles wide and making up half the planet's core. This discovery helps scientists better understand Mercury's interior and offers clues about how rocky planets change over time.
Scientists from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center discovered a large, solid iron core in Mercury's center, approximately 1,260 miles wide. This finding sheds light on the planet's interior structure and its cooling rate, potentially helping predict Earth's magnetic field changes.
Researchers have identified a new pathway for ocean carbon storage, known as particle injection pumps (PIPs), which move just as much carbon as the biological gravitational pump. The study, published in Nature, provides a breakthrough solution to understanding how carbon reaches the deep ocean and its impact on the global climate.
The GRACE satellite mission has revealed significant changes in Earth's gravitational field, providing insights into the terrestrial water cycle, ice sheet and glacier mass balance, and sea-level rise. The data highlights the effects of global warming on ice sheets and glaciers, as well as changes in freshwater storage and ocean dynamics.
Astronomers estimate that Messier 11 formed 220 million years ago and will disperse in a few million years as its stars are ejected by stronger gravitational forces.
The GRAVITY instrument has made the first direct observation of an exoplanet, revealing a complex atmosphere with clouds of iron and silicates swirling in a planet-wide storm. This achievement showcases the unique possibilities for characterising many known exoplanets.