Articles tagged with Infrared Radiation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed a new detector that can capture high-resolution mid-wavelength infrared images at room temperature, paving the way for applications in surveillance and disease detection. The technology has potential for vascular imaging and disease detection, particularly with images of the human body.
Astronomers successfully observed a 'fast radio burst', a brief flash of radio waves, in real-time using the Parkes telescope. The event was detected up to 5.5 billion light years away and suggested the presence of a magnetic field nearby.
Electrons in a crystal lattice move at incredible speeds, with one type of electron traveling at 5000 km/s. By studying the delay between electrons traveling through different atomic layers, researchers gained insight into the behavior of electrons within the crystal's microcosm.
Researchers have created a unique map of enigmatic molecules in our galaxy, revealing their locations and environments. The study, led by Johns Hopkins astronomers, analyzed light from hundreds of thousands of celestial objects to detect the features of these mysterious molecules.
A recent study found that American cities emit several times more light per capita than comparably sized German cities. The difference grew with city size, highlighting the need for further research on urban light emissions to uncover the reasons behind these disparities.
Scientists created a simple mathematical model to explain the stunning colors of Yellowstone National Park's hot springs. The model takes into account spectral reflection, microbial mats, and solar conditions, reproducing the brilliant hues of the springs.
Holiday lights in major US cities increase by 20-50% during Christmas and New Year's, while in some Middle Eastern cities they shine up to 100% brighter during Ramadan. Satellite data from NASA's Suomi NPP satellite reveals patterns of urban energy use and cultural variation.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a new organic optoelectronic sensor that can accurately measure blood-oxygen levels and is thin, flexible, and disposable. The device uses red and green light to detect changes in oxygen saturation levels, making it potentially cheaper and more convenient than conventional pulse oximeters.
Researchers at Caltech have developed a new technology to absorb and utilize infrared light, often lost in traditional solar panels. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient solar cells and sensors that detect light using electrostatic potential.
Researchers at Forschungszentrum Jülich develop a new method to examine light trapping in solar cells using near-field optical microscopy. They discover that the nature of nanostructures directly affects absorption rates and solar cell efficiency.
Scientists have developed a system that can identify chemicals in the atmosphere from up to one kilometer away. The technique uses terahertz radiation and an infrared laser to detect toxic gases, including nerve gas, chemical spills, and industrial pollutants.
Researchers found that the retina can sense infrared light when laser pulses rapidly deliver a double hit of energy, allowing the eye to detect light outside the visible spectrum. This discovery may lead to developing new tools for examining and stimulating the retina.
The new coating material radiates infrared light directly into space while also reflecting sunlight, resulting in cooler buildings that require less air conditioning. The technology has the potential to reduce energy consumption and meet skyrocketing demand for cooling in urban areas.
A team of scientists has developed a new way to measure precise distances to galaxies tens of millions of light years away, using the W. M. Keck Observatory. By measuring the physical size of a dusty ring around supermassive black holes, they calculated the distance to the galaxy NGC 4151 with only 10% uncertainty. This method has the ...
Using supermassive black holes to measure cosmic distances provides precise distance measurements, removing uncertainty in calculating their mass. The new method shows that supermassive black holes are 40% heavier than previously estimated, fundamentally changing determinations of black hole masses.
Researchers developed a methodology to directly measure the duration and temporal intensity distribution of ultra-short X-ray flashes. They characterized these pulses using streaking spectroscopy, revealing pulse durations of up to four and a half femtoseconds.
University of Utah engineers developed a polarizing filter that transmits more light, enabling longer battery life in mobile devices and improved low-light photography. The new technology allows for increased energy efficiency and can pass through up to 74% of light.
Researchers detected a diffuse cosmic glow originating from stripped stars flung out into space after galaxies collided and merged. The findings suggest previously undetected stars permeate dark spaces between galaxies, forming an interconnected sea of stars.
The Hubble Space Telescope has observed the faint glow of stars ejected from ancient galaxies torn apart within the Pandora's Cluster. The scattered stars are estimated to contribute approximately 10% of the cluster's brightness and are rich in heavier elements.
A new nanoparticle-based material developed by the University of California, San Diego, can absorb and convert over 90 percent of sunlight into heat. This breakthrough aims to improve concentrating solar power plants' efficiency, making them more competitive with traditional energy sources.
Researchers at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences have developed a new compact high-power laser that can create ultrashort pulses. The laser generates powerful femtosecond pulses that can penetrate long distances, allowing for real-time atmospheric pollution detection using LIDAR technology.
The Rutgers technology uses rare earth nanocrystals and infrared light to reveal small cancerous tumors and cardiovascular lesions, allowing for earlier detection and potentially reducing treatment costs.
Scientists have demonstrated a new type of mirror that reflects infrared light by using an unusual magnetic property of a non-metallic metamaterial. The nanoscale antennas on the surface capture and harness electromagnetic radiation, paving the way for exciting new applications in optoelectronic devices.
Subtropical Depression 7 has formed in the Atlantic Ocean, with strong thunderstorms and heavy rainfall potential. The National Hurricane Center has issued a Tropical Storm Watch for Bermuda, expecting possible tropical storm conditions on October 11 or 12.
A team of researchers at Monash University has developed a light detector based on graphene that can detect light over an unusually broad range of wavelengths, including terahertz waves. This breakthrough could lead to inexpensive infrared cameras or night-vision goggles with unparalleled sensitivity and speed.
Researchers developed a prototype detector that sees an extraordinary broad band of wavelengths, including terahertz waves invisible to the human eye. The detector uses graphene and is more than a million times faster than existing room temperature detectors.
Researchers develop new quantum imaging technique that captures images without detecting light used to illuminate the object, using entangled photon pairs. This breakthrough enables imaging in low-light conditions and has potential applications in biological and medical imaging.
Researchers at Lund University found that toothpaste fluorine is formed in stars similar to our sun, supporting a theory about its origins. By analyzing light emitted by stars, they calculated the amount of fluorine present and compared it with predictions.
Researchers at Princeton University developed a laser-based method to measure blood sugar levels without needing frequent pricking. The technique uses mid-infrared light and is currently 84% accurate, with potential applications beyond glucose detection.
Researchers at Inserm found that artificial light with blue wavelengths can synchronize the body clock and activate non-visual functions in extreme lighting conditions. This breakthrough has practical applications for dimly lit workplaces, enabling design of lighting strategies to maintain staff health, productivity, and safety.
Landsat 8 uses monthly lunar scans as a baseline calibration to ensure the accuracy of its land-cover information. The satellite's Operational Land Imager collects data on different wavelengths of light, and the moon's stable surface allows for precise tracking.
Researchers detected striking similarities between a recent gamma-ray burst and the expected features from the first stars in the universe. The ultra-long burst is thought to be caused by an explosion from a blue supergiant star, providing evidence for this class of objects.
Tropical Storm Elida weakened to a remnant low due to strong wind shear. The National Hurricane Center reported maximum sustained winds of near 30 mph (45 kph), with the center moving southeast towards Mexico.
Researchers at NIST have created a silver-glass metamaterial that enables one-way transmission of visible light, with around 30 times more light passing through in the forward direction than in reverse. The device has potential applications in optical information processing and biosensing devices.
Researchers have developed laser-written light-guiding systems for efficient commercial use. The technology allows embedding sensors, including temperature and biometric sensors, into Gorilla Glass to create new real estate in phones. This could enable secure transactions using infrared light and more compact devices.
A new type of sensor has been developed at the Vienna University of Technology using miniaturized laser technology, allowing for the analysis of liquids and gases. The sensor can measure the composition of liquids with an accuracy of 0.06%, opening up potential applications in chemical, biological, and medical analytics.
Researchers have developed precision-guided epidurals using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to reduce pain and complications. OCT also enables better blood monitors that measure oxygen saturation and flow rates without contrast agents.
Researchers successfully trapped and controlled light using graphene-based optical antennas, demonstrating the fundamental principles of conventional optics. The discovery paves the way for the development of compact and faster photonic devices and circuits, which could revolutionize signal processing and computing.
A new multispectral light sensor can detect ultra-violet to near infrared light, enabling non-invasive medical procedures like oxygen level measurement and tumor detection. The sensor's low cost and flexibility make it suitable for various applications, including security cameras and consumer products.
Researchers have developed a thin silicon lens that can be used in thermal infrared cameras, paving the way for more affordable surveillance systems. The new design has improved image quality and can detect people in low-light conditions.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a device that converts terahertz light into sound, enabling efficient detection and imaging in fields like airport security, medical imaging, and astronomy. The system is compact, sensitive, and works at room temperature.
Researchers developed a broadband imaging technique combining atomic force microscopy and infrared synchrotron light to study complex systems at the nanoscale. The new technique, SINS, enables in-depth investigation of liquid batteries, living cells, and novel materials.
Researchers have demonstrated that the distribution of dopants in semiconductor nanocrystals is crucial for controlling optical properties. By probing electron distribution using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, they found that surface-doped samples exhibit reduced activation of dopants and symmetric plasmon resonances.
The project aims to create rapidly configurable metasurfaces that can be tuned in real-time, enabling the development of advanced optical technologies and quantum information devices. The research team will combine nanophotonics with quantum photonics to achieve unprecedented control over photon emission.
Researchers developed a new adaptive optics technology that rapidly corrects for light-bending distortions in microscopic images. The technique, inspired by astronomy and ophthalmology, brings into focus fine structures and subcellular organelles in nerve cells deep within living brain tissue.
Researchers have discovered a way to use existing semiconductors to detect a wider range of light, including infrared. This technology allows for improved detectors and solar cells that can absorb infrared light.
Researchers at UCSB created a compound semiconductor with embedded nanostructures that can manipulate light energy in the mid-infrared range. The technology has potential applications in solar cells, medical applications and plasmonics.
Researchers captured high-speed footage of fruit flies responding to a looming predator with swift banked turns, outpacing human blink rate by 50 times. The flies alter course in under 1/100th of a second using their fast visual system and wing motion.
The James Webb Space Telescope's Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) is now complete with the installation of its four science instruments, including NIRSpec. This instrument will help scientists unlock the history of our universe by analyzing light from distant objects and revealing their chemical composition, mass, distance, ...
Researchers found that reducing indium nitride's dimensions can produce green light with higher energy, leading to more efficient LEDs. The nanostructures can be tailored to emit different colors of light, enabling the creation of natural-looking white lighting.
A new system can monitor lubricating oils, hydraulic oils and other fluids in industrial installations without interruption, predicting the best time for an oil change. The compact sensor system uses optical methods to measure the oil's chemical makeup and particle loading, reducing environmental impact and unnecessary costs.
Researchers at Brigham Young University developed a new infrared technique to precisely characterize materials in images, enabling remote detection of nuclear weapons and other hazardous substances. The technique uses machine learning algorithms to separate incoming signals and provide unique material signatures.
A room-temperature graphene light detector has been developed that can sense the full infrared spectrum without bulky cooling equipment. This technology could enable heat vision technology in contact lenses and expand vision capabilities.
Researchers at Caltech have developed a silicon chip that can bend light waves electronically, eliminating the need for bulky optics. This technology allows for rapid image projection with a single laser diode and no mechanically moving parts.
University of Utah engineers create microscopic structures that use light in metals to carry information, controlling electrical conductivity with an inexpensive inkjet printer. The technique could lead to rapid fabrication of superfast components and faster wireless technology.
Scientists have observed phonon polaritons in van der Waals crystals, which can be tunable and long-lived, opening the door for innovative applications in nanoscale devices. The discovery uses infrared light to launch waves that travel across the crystal material, creating interference patterns.
Researchers at Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences envision a device that harnesses energy from Earth's infrared emissions into direct-current power. The proposed technology, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, could provide a new source of renewable energy.
Scientists have made the first detection of water in the atmosphere of a hot Jupiter, tau Boötis b, using a novel technique that expands on the radial velocity method. The study confirms the presence of water vapor and also reveals the planet's mass, which was previously difficult to determine.
Researchers at NIST and JPL have designed a detector array that can extract more information than usual from single particles of light. The new device can record signal timing, enabling the use of pulse position modulation to encode multiple bits of information in space optical communications.
Researchers have discovered a new, red-light-sensitive opsin called Chrimson that enables the independent control of two brain populations. The new opsin was found in a screen of algae and can mediate neural activity in response to red light with high precision.