Articles tagged with Infrared Radiation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new method called SCOPE estimates three properties of clouds that determine the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface. The accuracy of the estimated cloud optical properties was evaluated using one year of data from 2018 for measurements taken at seven ground-based locations.
The James Webb Space Telescope will study three dense clouds, known as infrared-dark clouds, to understand the formation process of massive stars. These clouds are thought to be raw dough before baking, providing a unique window into the environment needed for star birth.
A Korean research team has developed a multi-functional luminescent film that can visualize near-infrared light through wavelength conversion, increasing its application range. The film's high efficiency enables the use of infrared or ultraviolet light for displays or imaging devices.
Researchers have developed a simple method to detect tiny imperfections in next-generation solar cells, boosting their efficiency. By using a camera to analyze infrared light emitted from the cells, they can identify and adjust manufacturing processes to improve quality control.
Tropical Cyclone Irondro shows strongest storms west of the center, with coldest cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit. NASA's satellite data indicates a high potential for heavy rain due to these strong storm systems.
Researchers have discovered a material that emits light in the near-infrared portion of the spectrum when heated, defying Planck's Law. This 'super-Planckian' radiation is generated by a three-dimensional tungsten photonic crystal and has potential applications in energy harvesting, military tracking, and optical physics.
Scientists at University of Göttingen produce new nanomaterial based on Egyptian blue pigment for near infrared spectroscopy and microscopy. The resulting nanosheets are stable, fluoresce brightly in the near infrared range, and enable clear resolution using modern microscopes.
A team of astronomers led by Nahum Arav has discovered the most energetic outflows ever witnessed in the universe, which tear across interstellar space like cosmic tsunamis. These quasar outflows accelerate material to breathtaking velocities, carrying hundreds of solar masses of material each year and pushing galaxies' formation forward.
The new flat lens design allows for a depth of focus several orders of magnitude larger than that of an equivalent conventional lens, enabling simultaneous focus on objects at varying distances. This breakthrough has significant implications for camera applications, including smartphones, biomedical imaging, and automobile cameras.
Researchers have designed a new graphene-based metasurface capable of independently controlling light's amplitude and phase. This breakthrough technology has the potential to revolutionize optical devices such as holography, high-resolution imaging, and optical communication systems.
A cryptographic 'tag of everything' can verify a product's authenticity, with implications for combating losses due to supply chain counterfeiting. The MIT-developed ID chip is small enough for virtually any product, uses photovoltaic diodes for power and backscatter technique for transmission.
Researchers have developed anti-solar cells that can harness power from infrared radiation at night, offering a potential solution for balancing the power grid around the day-night cycle. The devices work by emitting light instead of absorbing it, using different materials and physics.
A team from TU Wien, MPI Garching, and LMU Munich has developed a new method to measure the shape of light pulses using tiny silicon oxide crystals. This allows for precise information about the interaction of light and matter, enabling applications such as characterizing novel materials and detecting diseases.
A new study by Newcastle University scientists found that both UV and non-UV light from sunlight can damage the skin's cells, with visible and infrared rays causing greater harm at deeper levels. The research aims to improve sunscreen protection strategies against all three types of light.
Researchers successfully trapped an electromagnetic wave in a gallium arsenide nanoresonator for a record-breaking time exceeding 200 periods of one wave oscillation. The study demonstrates the potential for efficient light frequency nanoconversion and applications in compact sensors, night vision devices, and optical data transmission.
Scientists at TU Wien have created a record-breaking terahertz laser beam that produces extremely efficient and high-intensity terahertz radiation. The technology generates a broad spectrum of terahertz radiation, enabling the creation of short pulses with extremely high radiation intensity.
Researchers at ICFO have developed a novel photodetector technology using PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots (CQDs) that can detect light in the long infrared range. The new material platform is made with mercury-free material, enabling lower energy detection and broader spectral coverage.
A team of researchers has uncovered the location and functions of Chl f, a newly discovered chlorophyll molecule that could improve solar cell efficiency. The study found that far-red light causes structural changes in photosystem I, leading to Chl f synthesis and enhancing up-hill energy transfer.
A team developed a new instrument to detect rapid and irreversible reactions in biological molecules like rhodopsin. The Féry spectrometer allows analysis of very fast processes with high time resolution.
Astronomers have cataloged signs of 9 heavy metals in supergiant and giant stars, allowing researchers to study the chemical composition and evolution of galaxies. By analyzing these elements, scientists can reconstruct the history of galaxies, including events like binary neutron star mergers that affected the Milky Way.
Researchers at University of Würzburg developed nano antennas that can emit light in a specific direction, enabling efficient data transfer. The antennas use quantum tunnelling to generate vibrations with optical frequencies and are capable of emitting light in a particular direction.
Researchers developed a mechanoluminescent material that can visualize pressure application locations for up to three days. The material uses defects in its structure to store energy, which is released as light when pressure is applied or infrared radiation is used.
Astronomers have spotted a distant galaxy group, EGS77, driving the cosmic makeover of reionization. The trio of galaxies is seen in near-infrared light due to its distance and age, which dates back to 680 million years old.
Research shows increased AMPAR activity in both motor and visual cortex during learning tasks, indicating a whole-brain approach to motor control. This challenges the long-held assumption that motor-based learning occurs solely in specific brain regions.
A Stanford team created a silicon chip that accelerates electrons using infrared laser pulses, achieving speeds of up to 94% of the speed of light. This prototype chip is a breakthrough in miniaturizing accelerator technology, making it more accessible for research and medical applications.
A new laser-based system has been developed to detect and measure the levels of all biomolecules, including proteins, sugars, fats, and their derivatives. This technique offers unparalleled sensitivity and can be used for all known classes of biomolecules, enabling the detection of precancerous and malignant cells in body fluids.
Researchers at Princeton University have discovered new rules for how objects absorb and emit light, resolving a decades-old discrepancy between large and small scales. This breakthrough enables scientists to optimize designs mathematically for future applications in technologies like solar panels and quantum computers.
Researchers have designed a silicon-based chip-integrated light source that can transform infrared wavelengths into visible wavelengths, enabling highly miniaturized photonic instrumentation. The new optical parametric oscillator (OPO) light source simultaneously generates near-infrared wavelengths for telecommunication applications.
The James Webb Space Telescope will study the smallest, faintest residents of NGC 1333, distinguishing between objects that form like stars and those that form like planets. The team aims to identify cluster members as puny as Jupiter for the first time ever, shedding light on their origins and the star formation process.
Researchers create non-contact and non-invasive technique to measure temperature transients in time and thermal images in space at terahertz frequencies. The smallest gold particles converted laser light to heat with the highest efficiency, approximately 90%, making this method promising for biomedical applications.
A new approach to trapping light in artificial photonic materials could revolutionize data transfer speeds online. Researchers at City College of New York led by Alexander B. Khanikaev have made a significant breakthrough, enabling the design of new optical resonators that may impact devices used daily.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have invented a method called XLEAP to observe electron movements in chemical processes that take place in billionths of a billionth of a second. This technology will provide sharp views of electrons, driving crucial aspects of life and enabling breakthrough studies.
Researchers found that the retina can receive energy from infrared light at a lower threshold, allowing for improved sensitivity in microperimetry devices. This discovery has the potential to detect functional retinal changes, such as age-related macular degeneration, earlier and better.
Tropical Cyclone Rita formed on Nov. 24 as a tropical storm and was analyzed by NASA's Aqua satellite using infrared light for temperature data. MODIS found powerful thunderstorms circling its center with cold cloud top temperatures indicating strong storms.
Scientists have developed a new high-performance optical cavity for terahertz frequencies, increasing the sensitivity of spectroscopic gas analysis. The new technology enables detection of biomarkers in breath and complex gas mixtures found in industrial emissions.
A team of Clemson University astrophysicists has devised a new measurement of the Hubble Constant, which describes the rate of expansion of the universe. Their analysis of data from orbiting and ground-based telescopes yields a measurement of approximately 67.5 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
Researchers developed new techniques to measure heat tolerance in quinoa, a health food rich in essential amino acids. The method uses spectral reflectance indices to assess plant growth under high temperatures, providing insights into grain production and paving the way for breeding more resilient varieties.
A new system designed by MIT and Chilean researchers uses radiative cooling with an aerogel insulation layer to cool objects by up to 23 degrees Fahrenheit, eliminating the need for electricity. The device blocks incoming sunlight while allowing infrared heat to radiate away into space, achieving significant cooling powers.
A new study by UTSA researchers reveals that popular smart light brands have significant security holes, including infrared capabilities that can be exploited by hackers. The study warns that smart bulbs could become a prime target for hackers, posing a risk to consumers' personal information.
UCF researchers have created an infrared detector that can enhance night vision capabilities by detecting different wavelengths of infrared light. The technology has implications for improving what can be seen in space, chemical and biological disaster areas, and on the battlefield. The detector operates faster than existing cameras an...
Researchers have developed porous polymer coatings that can reversibly switch their optical transmittance in solar and thermal wavelengths, enabling dynamic control of light and heat in buildings. The coatings can regulate indoor temperatures and light levels, making them suitable for heating, cooling, and lighting applications.
The graphene nanomechanical bolometer is the fastest and most sensitive in its class, detecting nearly every color of light at high speeds. It has wide-spread use potential in astronomy, medicine, industrial manufacturing, and more.
Duke engineer develops a small, inexpensive hyperspectral camera using plasmonics technology to capture multispectral images in milliseconds. The camera can precisely identify plant conditions, detect nutrient deficiencies, and optimize fertilizer application, reducing pollution and saving water and money.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a compact spectrometer that can analyze infrared light in the same way as conventional spectrometers. The device uses special waveguides with an adjustable optical refractive index to disperse the spectrum of incident light, allowing for broad spectral analysis.
Astronomers have discovered a year-long plateau in the decline of Type Ia supernova light curves, challenging previous expectations. This unexpected behavior will impact the way astronomers measure the expansion of the universe and provide new insights into these powerful explosions.
Researchers developed a new technique called complementary vibrational spectroscopy to study molecular structures. This method combines infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectrometers to provide detailed information about molecular vibrations.
Tropical Storm Humberto strengthened off the Florida coast, becoming a hurricane on September 15 at 11 p.m. EDT. NASA's Aqua satellite revealed strongest thunderstorms were as cold as -63 degrees Fahrenheit, indicating heavy rainfall.
Scientists have successfully created a nanocluster of exactly 16 silver atoms stabilized by a wrapping of DNA strands. The crystal structure revealed that each nanocluster is tightly wrapped and almost completely shielded by two DNA strands, with novel silver-silver interactions observed within the cluster.
NASA's Aqua satellite detected a comma-shaped Tropical Storm Faxai using infrared light, revealing the storm's strongest thunderstorms near its center. The powerful storms are expected to bring heavy rainfall to Japan, particularly in the Tokyo area, where landfall is forecast for September 8.
Tropical Storm 14W strengthened into a powerful system due to strong thunderstorms fueled by infrared data from NASA's Aqua satellite. The storm's intense cloud top temperatures indicate potential for heavy rainfall, with winds near 40 mph and expected to intensify over the next five days.
Researchers used a swept-wavelength external cavity quantum cascade laser to study explosive events, detecting molecules and measuring temperature and concentration changes. The instrument provides fast and safe measurements, enabling new understanding of explosions and potential applications.
Researchers at The University of Tokyo have developed a method to actively break chemical bonds using tiny antennae created by infrared lasers. This technique enables selective control over chemical reactions, increasing yields while minimizing unwanted side products.
The new sensor uses metamaterials to eliminate the need for a dielectric filter, reducing size and energy consumption. It can detect gas concentrations with high sensitivity, using less energy than commercial systems, making it ideal for automotive, consumer electronics, and medical applications.
Researchers have developed nanoparticles that can convert near-infrared light into visible light, allowing mice to see in the dark. The technology aims to improve safety and sensitivity for human use and has potential medical applications.
Researchers have found evidence of a kilonova that produced large quantities of heavy metals, including gold and platinum, after a neutron star merger. The discovery was made by re-examining data from a 2016 gamma-ray burst, which matched the signature of a kilonova observed in 2017.
Tropical Storm Krosa is expected to make landfall in western Shikoku Island, Japan, with powerful thunderstorms and heavy rain capabilities. The storm's cloud top temperatures indicate strong storms with potential to generate heavy rainfall.
Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed the world's thinnest optical device, a waveguide consisting of three layers of atoms thin. The waveguide channels light in the visible spectrum and supports electron-hole pairs, generating a strong optical response.
Researchers at Stanford University have designed a crystal structure that can trap and convert both infrared and green laser light, significantly improving the efficiency of this process. The device, which is microscopic in size, has the potential to greatly benefit technologies in telecommunications, computing, and laser-based equipment.
Astronomers have found a treasure trove of previously unknown ancient massive galaxies, defying current models of the universe. These galaxies are connected to supermassive black holes and dark matter, providing new insights into cosmic evolution.
NASA's Aqua satellite detected Tropical Storm Francisco in the Korea Strait, with cloud top temperatures indicating strong storms capable of heavy rain. The storm is located about 33 nautical miles north-northeast of Busan, South Korea, and is expected to move north and then northeast through the Sea of Japan.