Articles tagged with Isotopes
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Scientists reconstructed fluctuations in ocean chemistry by analyzing strontium isotope ratios, which provide information about geochemical processes. The study found that seawater strontium concentration has changed considerably over the past 35 million years and still changes today.
Research reveals Scythian populations were diverse and complex, with some living sedentary lives farming millet and raising livestock, challenging traditional nomadic warrior image.
Researchers analyzed fossilized shells to reconstruct Earth's climate during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, a period of abrupt global warming and ocean acidification. The study found that foraminifera consumed less alkalinity from seawater to buffer increasing ocean acidity.
A team of researchers analyzed reams of bioarchaeological data from the Neolithic to Late Roman period and found low levels of migration in the region. Migration rates ranged from 6% to 9% of the population within the dataset, decreasing over time.
A series of experiments at the ALTO particle accelerator facility revealed that fragments resulting from nuclear fission obtain intrinsic angular momentum after fission, not before. The study analyzed gamma rays emitted in the process and found a saw-tooth dependence of spin on fragment mass.
Volcanic rock samples collected during NASA's Apollo missions hold clues to the Moon's iron core formation and magma ocean crystallization, a new analysis found. The study used SIMS technique to analyze sulfur isotope composition in Apollo 15 and 17 samples.
Researchers discovered a new effect in qubits that may resolve the matter/antimatter discrepancy and improve quantum annealers' performance. The effect occurs when qubits pass through a phase transition, demonstrating that asymmetry is physically possible.
Researchers from University of Jyväskylä studied nuclear charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes using collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy. The results showed that the potassium isotope with a neutron number of 32 does not conform to magic neutron number criteria, challenging current understanding of nuclear forces.
A team of Berkeley Lab chemists have characterized some properties of einsteinium, overcoming obstacles to report the first study. They measured the bond distance and discovered physical chemistry behavior different from expectations, gaining a better understanding of the actinide series.
A new study optimizes LIBS for analyzing hydrogen isotopes in nuclear reactor materials, enabling faster and more accurate measurements. The researchers found that combining ultrafast laser pulses with specific environmental conditions improves the technique's performance.
Researchers create more detailed record of global temperature during early Paleozoic era, revealing temperature variations coinciding with shifts in planet's biodiversity. The new timeline is based on analysis of carbonate muds, which preserve signatures of their original surrounding temperature.
Researchers used innovative methods to calculate limits of atomic nuclei up to medium-mass nuclei, revealing new isotopes and a roadmap for verification. The study provides insights into the structure of neutron-rich nuclei and their existence, shedding light on fundamental interactions.
Triumphs in achieving first beam delivery for ARIEL's CANREB facility, enhancing TRIUMF's nuclear physics program and global leadership in isotope production. The milestone ushers in a new era of scientific advancements and real-world impact for Canadians and the world.
Researchers at Northwestern University found that volcanic eruptions directly triggered ocean acidification during the Early Cretaceous Period. The eruption of the Ontong Java Plateau large igneous province led to a minor but significant mass extinction, affecting the entire globe.
Research team led by HPSTAR discovered that isotope effect can significantly suppress lattice distortion in hybrid perovskites, leading to enhanced photoluminescence and structural robustness. This breakthrough suggests a new path for designing more stable photovoltaic materials with superior performance.
A team of scientists from Michigan State University discovered that supernovae can forge carbon atoms over 10 times faster than previously thought. This finding challenges existing theories about the creation of Earth's heavy elements, particularly ruthenium and molybdenum isotopes.
Scientists have developed a new imaging agent using copper isotopes that can effectively detect amyloid-beta protein deposits in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. The copper-based compounds outlast traditional diagnostic agents, making it possible for clinics with PET scanners to diagnose the condition more easily.
A study of ancient China's staple cereals reveals a complex history of environmental and cultural influences on food systems. Researchers analyzed isotopic data from human skeletal samples to infer patterns of changing cuisines over time and space.
Red foxes show dietary specialization, with country foxes having a broader diet than urban conspecifics. Urban foxes primarily feed on discarded food, indicating an abundant food supply.
Researchers from GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH produce the hitherto unknown nucleus mendelevium-244, an odd-odd nucleus consisting of 101 protons and 143 neutrons. The study reveals puzzling short-lived fission activity in this nucleus.
Research on Bronze Age pastoral societies in southern Russia reveals low levels of mobility, contradicting previous assumptions about their migration patterns. The study analyzed skeletal remains to conclude that these communities remained within their ecological areas and relied on word-of-mouth transmission of technical innovations.
A team of researchers from Arizona State University compared the sun's composition to ancient materials formed in the solar system, finding that oxygen isotopes were inherited from the protosolar molecular cloud. This suggests that ultraviolet light processing occurred before the solar nebula formed.
Scientists analyzed deep-sea sediment cores to reveal changing climate-carbon cycle interactions. They found that the carbon cycle exerted control over climate at times of volatility, not stability, and provided new insights into their complex relationships.
Researchers analyzed isotopic data from Amazonian and African mammals to understand feeding habits and ecosystems. The study found no significant difference in dietary carbon isotope signatures between the two regions, but noted Amazonian mammals had more limited dietary resources.
Researchers have determined that the Bering Sea ice extent is at its most reduced state in the past 5,500 years. The study, published in Science Advances, analyzed a peat core from St. Matthew Island and found that modern sea ice conditions are unprecedentedly low.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory used a tungsten isotope to study the erosion and contamination of plasma in fusion reactors. The experiments aimed to understand how tungsten can be used to armor the reactor without contaminating the plasma, which is essential for achieving sustainable fusion energy.
Researchers analyzed stable carbon isotope data from hominin fossils to determine the timing of dietary shifts. The study found that Paranthropus robustus and boisei had different diets, with P. boisei consuming C4-plant-based foods.
Researchers have developed a new method for reconstructing past Earth surface temperatures using clumped isotopes. By analyzing the ratio of two rare carbonate groups, scientists can now accurately determine temperature without being influenced by mineralization processes.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology found that anthropogenic sources account for much of the missing source of OCS in the atmosphere. Their study provides better context for estimating global photosynthesis using OCS dynamics.
Researchers uncover new details about the oldest planetary objects in our Solar System, which formed iron-rich meteorites. The distinct chemical signatures of these meteorites can be explained by core crystallization in their parent bodies, deepening our understanding of the geochemistry occurring in the Solar System's youth.
A study by University of Utah researchers found that hair isotopes can reveal a person's diet and socioeconomic status. The analysis showed lower-SES areas displaying higher proportions of protein coming from cornfed animals, correlating with obesity rates.
Researchers found evidence suggesting a major volcanic eruption on the European continent drove the cooling event known as the Younger Dryas, which occurred around 13,000 years ago. The study used isotope analysis to rule out an extraterrestrial impact and provides new insights into the Earth's climate system.
Research in the Mojave Desert shows that the brittlebush shrub has adapted to increased temperature and aridity by increasing its water use efficiency. Over a 39-year study period, the shrubs' ability to open their stomata was linked to changes in carbon isotopes, revealing a remarkable adjustment to the changing climate.
Researchers from the University of Oregon have identified chemical changes caused by hot magma flows that dramatically altered the Columbia River region's landscape. The study, published in Scientific Reports, used oxygen and hydrogen isotopes to analyze 27 samples from dikes in the flood-basalt province.
A team of scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences has discovered a new, very short-lived isotope of neptunium, confirming the existence of the N = 126 shell in Np isotopes. The study used alpha-decay spectroscopy to identify the new isotope, which was produced through fusion reactions.
A study using chemical analysis reveals that the Hyksos rulers of Ancient Egypt were a multi-cultural group who rose to power from within. The research found that a large percentage of the population in the ancient capital city were non-locals who immigrated from various places, contradicting the common story of a sudden invasion.
Researchers analyzed ancient cat remains to determine the diet and ecology of early European cats. The study found that while Near Eastern cats may have accompanied farmers to Europe, they did not yet rely on humans for food.
A new method uses hafnium isotopes to determine the origin of Roman glass, confirming that high-quality glass was made in Egypt. The study sheds light on the production of transparent glass, a valuable commodity in ancient Rome.
Researchers from Curtin University have found evidence that the Earth's first continents were not formed by subduction in a modern-like plate tectonics environment. The team measured iron and zinc isotopes in rocks sourced from central Siberia and South Africa, suggesting an alternative formation process.
Researchers date Shuram excursion to 574-567.3 million years ago, suggesting global synchronicity and decoupling of complex life from biogeochemical events. The study challenges traditional views on the coevolution of Ediacaran life and environment.
Physicists at Michigan State University's Facility for Rare Isotope Beams have developed a new method to model neutrinoless double-beta decay, a yet-unconfirmed rare nuclear process with significant implications for particle physics and cosmology. The novel approach, known as the In-Medium Generator-Coordinate Method, enables controlle...
Researchers analyzed groundwater level changes around Kumamoto City after a magnitude 7.0 earthquake, finding a significant increase in groundwater levels due to increased permeability of the mountain aquifer. The study suggests that earthquakes can alter hydrological environments and release water from mountains.
A team of scientists at Berkeley Lab has discovered a new form of the element mendelevium, creating the lightest known isotope, mendelevium-244. The discovery was made using the lab's 88-Inch Cyclotron and provides evidence for the existence of two separate decay chains with half-lives of 0.4 seconds and 6 seconds.
Researchers at MSU are working on a $3.7M project to create more accurate models of scientific phenomena using Bayesian statistics and machine learning. The team aims to improve the characterization and reduction of uncertainties in nuclear processes, making it easier for scientists to design experiments and allocate resources.
Researchers found isotopic evidence of early Earth differentiation in samarium and neodymium isotope ratios. The study suggests that plate tectonics have regulated the planet's chemical evolution since its history began.
A new study reveals that eels can serve as a key indicator of freshwater biodiversity, and their protection could greatly contribute to the recovery of ecosystems. The research found that two species of eel were widely distributed in Japanese rivers, serving as umbrella, indicator, and flagship species for conservation.
A new study reveals that deep water masses in the eastern Mediterranean can reach up to 70% of the western basin, contradicting classic hypotheses. The research uses rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes as conservative tracers to reconstruct the oceanographic structure of the Mediterranean basins.
Researchers found that mixtures of H2, HD, and D2 behaved as an isotopic molecular alloy and exhibited symmetry-breaking phase transitions at higher pressures than expected. The discovery was attributed to quantum trapping of high-kinetic energy states by exchange interaction.
Scientists developed a new method to add deuterium to benzene, improving drug efficacy. Forest research found forests worldwide are dying due to environmental changes. The ITER project began assembling the world's largest fusion reactor, while Oak Ridge National Laboratory improved cancer treatment through isotope separation.
Laurence Yeung's research aims to unify theory and experiments on oxygen isotopes to improve estimates of primary productivity in the oceans. He also seeks to resolve interlaboratory discrepancies and study biosphere productivity over a billion years.
Researchers at RIKEN found that knocking out a single proton from a fluorine nucleus transforms it into a neutron-rich isotope of oxygen. This transformation has a significant effect on the state of the nucleus, defying conventional wisdom and sparking further investigation.
A new study suggests that corn was not grown in Cahokia until between A.D. 900 and 1000, a relatively late date corresponding to the start of the city's rapid expansion. The researchers analyzed charred corn kernels and carbon isotopes in human teeth and bones, revealing a sudden increase in corn consumption around this time.
Researchers tested three passive samples and found lower effective sampling rates due to incorrect mass transfer correction factors. They also discovered a diffusion isotope effect affecting ammonia isotope compositions, with a significant bias of 15.4‰ in urban Beijing.
Michigan State University Professor Alexandra Gade reviews advancements in describing rare isotopes, revealing new magic numbers and shell evolution. The study has implications for nuclear astrophysics, nuclear security, and nuclear medicine.
Researchers at HKU discovered that corals' reliance on certain nutritional sources underpins their bleaching susceptibility in warming oceans. The team found that predatory corals can withstand warmer temperatures longer than photosynthetic corals.
A new study suggests that heavier iron isotopes migrate towards lower temperatures and into the mantle, while lighter isotopes remain in the core. This phenomenon could be causing core material to infiltrate the lowermost mantle, enriching it in heavy iron isotopes.
A UMass Lowell-led team discovered that a symmetry in atomic nuclei is not as fundamental as previously believed, opening up new avenues for understanding the universe. The researchers created over 400 strontium-73 nuclei and compared them to bromine-73 nuclei, finding that they behaved differently.
Researchers analyzed Martian meteorites to reconstruct Mars' chaotic history and find that the planet likely received water from at least two distinct sources. The findings suggest Mars never had an ocean of magma completely encompassing the planet, contradicting previous theories.
Researchers found strikingly high molybdenum, uranium, and rhenium concentrations in drill cores from shungite rocks, suggesting elevated oxygen levels at the time of their deposition. The discovery contradicts prevailing models of Earth's carbon and oxygen cycles and has implications for understanding the evolution of complex life.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE reveals that the people of La Bastida employed an intensive agricultural strategy, combining crops with animal husbandry to boost their food production and economic prosperity. This approach allowed them to feed a large population, increasing their productivity compared to other nearby communities.