Articles tagged with Light Sources
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers analyzed seven grains of possible interstellar dust, finding they are more complex in composition and structure than previously imagined. The analysis opens a door to studying the origins of the solar system and possibly the origin of life itself.
A team of researchers created a model that can predict the level of discomfort experienced by drivers under various LED lighting conditions. The study suggests minimizing light hitting at an observer's eyes and luminance contrast between streetlights and backgrounds to minimize glare.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new light-sensitive protein called Jaws that allows for non-invasive brain control using a light source outside the skull. This breakthrough enables long-term studies without implanted light sources, paving the way for potential treatments of epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
University of Central Florida physicists have developed a new ultrafast light source to observe electron motion in molecules, allowing scientists to understand how electrons interact with each other. This breakthrough may lead to improved efficiency in solar cells and unlock new rules for quantum mechanics.
A new Cornell study reveals that tofu lovers perceive it as a convenient and filling source of light protein. However, non-users had misconceptions about its cost and cooking difficulties. Correcting these misconceptions through price information, simple recipes, and 'cooks like chicken' messaging increased the likelihood of purchase.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab discovered that the re-ordering of spin in manganites is not ultra-fast, but rather exhibits a glass-like state, with the restoration of crystalline order delayed. This separation of charge-ordering behavior from spin-ordering behavior may lead to new approaches for manipulating spin effects.
Researchers found that different LED light sources render white differently, affecting product appearance. Participants struggled to distinguish between cards under blue-pumped LEDs, highlighting the need for spectrum engineering to accurately render whiteness.
Researchers at NUS have developed a technique to study the interface between materials, revealing new properties that arise when two materials are combined. This breakthrough opens doors to the development of better solar cells, novel superconductors, and smaller hard drives.
Researchers created 3D X-ray movies of a blowfly's flight muscles, showcasing their complex movements and control. The study provides new insights into how flies manage to perform aerobatic maneuvers with precision, opening up possibilities for innovation in micro air vehicles.
Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute discovered that imperfect nanostructures can be used to produce 'nanolasers', which is an ultimately compact and energy-efficient light source. The imperfections in photonic crystal membranes result in controlled reflections, amplifying light and enabling efficient laser production.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source have demonstrated the ability to control the conducting/insulating phases of ultra-thin films of Mott materials using epitaxial strain. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient transistors and memories with higher energy efficiencies and faster switching ...
Researchers mapped catalytic reactivity inside a microreactor in high resolution from start-to-finish using infrared and x-ray light. The study revealed opportunities for optimization, resulting in better catalytic performances.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have found a new form of quantum matter called a three-dimensional topological Dirac semi-metal (3DTDS) in sodium bismuthate, promising faster transistors and compact hard drives. The discovery features intriguing non-saturating linear magnetoresistance.
Andrew Sessler, former Berkeley Lab Director, wins Fermi Award for his work on particle accelerators and storage rings. He is recognized for advancing the science and technology frontier in research and development.
Researchers at DESY's PETRA III facility watched organic solar cells degrade in real time, revealing a mechanism of degradation that involves growth and receding of active domains. The study could lead to new approaches for increasing the stability of this promising type of solar cell.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab created a zero-index metamaterial that generates phase mismatch-free nonlinear light, holding promise for future quantum computing and networking. The material features a fishnet structure and has been shown to preserve optical momentum conservation in all directions.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have revealed the origins of a 'stripe phase' in a material linked to superconductivity. By studying ultrafast optical techniques and X-ray scattering, they found that electrons become concentrated in stripes throughout the material, leading to an energy threshold for electrical currents.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed polymers that 'snap' when triggered by light, converting light energy into mechanical work. This phenomenon enables flexible devices with potential applications in robotics and biomedical engineering.
Researchers at PTB developed a novel approach to improve spectral distribution curves, correcting distortions caused by measuring instruments. The improved method can be applied in various fields of radiometry and photometry, including broadband and narrowband measurements.
Researchers studied vanadium dioxide using ALS beamline 4.0.2 to investigate the origin of its metal-insulator transition, which could lead to faster and more energy-efficient electronic devices. The study identified roles for Pi-symmetry and delta-symmetry electron orbitals in controlling the transition.
Researchers used an X-ray laser to create movies of copper atoms' arrangement changes after extreme shock, pinpointing the breaking point of permanent deformation. This experiment enables direct comparison with complex computer simulations and helps predict material strength in extreme conditions.
Astronomers have found the most distant gravitational lens yet, which provides a rare opportunity to directly measure the mass of a distant galaxy. The discovery poses a puzzle as lenses are expected to be exceedingly rare, suggesting either luck or underestimated small galaxies in the early Universe.
Researchers at DESY's PETRA III light source have created a 4.3nm-wide X-ray beam, ten thousand times thinner than a human hair, using a Fresnel lens made from nanometre-thin layers.
Researchers from China's Tsinghua University and the US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have demonstrated high-temperature superconductivity in a topological insulator. This breakthrough is essential for creating 'fault-tolerant' quantum computers, which can solve complex problems much faster than current m...
Researchers have found that methylmercury can directly affect vision by accumulating in the retinal photoreceptors. The study used powerful synchrotron X-rays and methylmercury-poisoned zebrafish larvae to reveal the mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity in developing vertebrates.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab and University of Wisconsin have developed a non-destructive 3D imaging technique that provides molecular-level chemical information. The technique, FTIR spectro-microtomography, combines Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy with computed tomography to create full-color 3D images with unprecedented detail.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new endoscopy technology that captures three-dimensional images of the colon surface, making it easier to detect precancerous growths. The technique, known as photometric stereo endoscopy, uses multiple light sources to create visual representations of surface features.
University of Miami researchers found that purple bacteria can survive in extreme alien light by distributing photons across multiple reaction centers, allowing each one enough time to recover. This discovery suggests new possibilities for life on Earth and elsewhere in the universe.
Researchers have documented a new mixed language, Light Warlpiri, generated from a combination of elements from three languages. This innovative language features verb and noun structures not found in the source languages, showcasing the creative potential of human language formation.
Researchers have discovered properties that made ancient Roman concrete sustainable and durable, with potential applications for environmentally friendly modern concretes. The Roman recipe needed less than 10% lime by weight, making it at two-thirds or less the temperature required by Portland cement.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab and international team develop method to control spin orientation in magnetic nanodisks, enabling four-bit storage and potential for faster, more energy-efficient devices. Smaller disk sizes show promise for faster switching times.
A team of researchers is studying the protein structure and reaction dynamics of a key photosynthesis catalyst. They aim to understand the intermediate stages necessary for the oxidation of water, which could help develop sustainable solar energy solutions.
The most distant known source of very high-energy gamma rays, PKS 1424+240, deviates from expected emission spectrum despite being detected at a great distance of over 7.4 billion light-years. The findings may indicate new insights into blazar emission mechanisms or the extragalactic background light.
The Lyncean Compact Light Source is a miniature synchrotron X-ray source that offers high-quality X-ray beams for various applications in biology, chemistry, and materials science. The grant will support further development to enhance its performance.
The Diamond Light Source facility has been upgraded to analyze pathogens requiring Containment Level 3, including serious viruses responsible for AIDS, Hepatitis, and flu. This capability enables scientists to study virus structures in detail, opening up new paths for therapeutic treatments and vaccines.
Scientists have discovered that dung beetles use the Milky Way's gradient of light to ensure they keep rolling their balls in a straight line. The beetles' ability to orient themselves using this method has been proven, giving them an advantage in navigating their environment.
INRS researchers are working on a compact particle accelerator that uses laser wakefield acceleration to produce ultra-short and coherent light sources. This technology has the potential to advance photonics research in Canada and develop new technologies for clinical settings.
Researchers have shown that even in disordered structures, photons can sense and coordinate their travel through a medium. This is due to the wave properties of photons, which allow them to interact with each other. By analyzing these interactions, valuable insight into complex microscopic structures can be gained.
Six Berkeley Lab scientists, from various divisions, were elected APS Fellows in 2012 for their outstanding research and contributions to the physics enterprise. These individuals represent a high count for a single institution, with only half of one percent of APS members being elected as Fellows annually.
Researchers found that initial bubble growth determines eruption size, with rapid changes in gas flux and composition crucial for prediction. The study provides a key to understanding volcanic eruptions and could lead to better predictions of their scale.
Physicists from the University of Southampton used Diamond Light Source's new I10 Beamline to search for 'hidden magnetic states' in exchange-spring magnets. They have identified at least three different classes of these states, which could provide important confirmation of a theoretical model.
The partnership will expand X-ray technology and research capabilities, enabling scientists to solve pressing global problems. Scientists from the two facilities will work together on R&D projects to improve light-source technology and upgrade beamlines.
Researchers used the Canadian Light Source to study the sodium channel in heart cells, revealing a key role for calmodulin and calcium ions in regulating heartbeat. The findings shed light on two potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia conditions, Brugada Syndrome and Long Q-T type 3.
Researchers at DESY have successfully made atomic nuclei transparent using X-ray light, a crucial step towards developing quantum computers. This achievement demonstrates the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic nuclei and has significant implications for the future of quantum computing.
Researchers from Kansas State University have found that LED lights can prolong the shelf life of certain beef products, making them more appealing to customers. This cost-saving solution could result in significant revenue for retailers and tax gains for the state.
Scientists have detected Criegee biradicals, which react rapidly to form aerosols and clouds that can cool the planet. The discovery has significant implications for pollution and climate change, suggesting a natural mechanism for offsetting warming.
By using diamonds and dust to simulate extreme pressures, researchers gained new insights into calcium-silicate-hydrate, a critical binder in concrete. The study aims to reduce carbon emissions and create stronger, more efficient cements.
Optofluidics, the study of microfluidics combined with optics, is poised to revolutionize energy production. By directing light and concentrating its use, optofluidics can increase efficiency in existing systems like biofuel reactors and solar cells, as well as innovate new forms of energy production.
Experiments tested sweetpotato whitefly preference for cucumber seedlings grown under fluorescent lamps with high red:far red ratio or metal-halide lamps. The results showed that FL seedlings were less attractive to the whiteflies and had higher chlorophyll content and thicker leaves than ML seedlings.
Researchers have created a smaller, flexible LED light with improved thermal management and increased life-span. The device uses novel manufacturing techniques to reduce temperature and increase efficiency, making it suitable for various applications such as deformable display monitors and biomedical devices.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have developed pigment-free polymer materials that exhibit intense, colorful patterns. These materials are difficult to copy and could provide a new anti-counterfeit solution for passports and banknotes.
Researchers used Canada's national centre for synchrotron research to build a high-resolution model of the ryanodine receptor. This sheds new light on life-threatening congenital heart conditions and could lead to developing new treatments to prevent calcium leakage.
A Swiss study by Empa found that energy-saving lamps have a larger ecological footprint due to electronic circuitry, but recycling reduces environmental effects. The production of incandescent bulbs has a negligible impact on the environment, while usage and power source are major factors.
Researchers create new nano-material using biomaterial involved in Alzheimer's disease research, resulting in environmentally friendly LED lights. The technology also enables medical equipment to be more sensitive and generates strong signals for other applications.
Researchers used an XFEL to probe nitrogen gas at up to 8 keV, a record-high X-ray energy. The study revealed the interaction between nitrogen gas and the XFEL beam, including electron dynamics and space charge effects. Understanding these dynamics will change our understanding of chemistry, physics, and materials science.
mLED Ltd develops micro light-emitting diodes (microLEDs) with compact and efficient designs, suitable for various applications including neuroscience, microscopy, and communications. The company aims to deliver platform technology that is robust, reliable, and versatile.
Researchers found that shorter pulse lengths produce fewer higher charge states in nitrogen molecules, reducing damage. This phenomenon, known as frustrated absorption, prevents outer valence electrons from being stripped, safeguarding molecule integrity.
The US Department of Energy has granted approval for the second X-ray laser facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, building on the success of the first hard X-ray laser. The new facility will provide improved control over the X-ray beam and enable multiple research groups to work simultaneously.
Researchers successfully controlled x-ray pulses using laser light, enabling new possibilities for quantum information storage and processing. This breakthrough has the potential to shape x-ray pulses on a femtosecond time scale.
Researchers at Rothamsted Research and Birkbeck University use Diamond Light Source's X-rays to unravel the mechanisms linked to pheromone detection in silkworm moths. This breakthrough has significant implications for developing new eco-friendly pest control methods, which could also benefit biosensors and detect explosives.