Articles tagged with Neutrons
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered and characterized oxygen-11, the lightest-ever form of oxygen with three neutrons to its eight protons. This discovery opens a new avenue for studying nuclear symmetry by comparing it to its mirror nucleus lithium-11.
Using neutrons, scientists have determined the crystal structure of solid fluorine, resolving a scientific dispute that lasted for 50 years. The research confirms Nobel laureate Linus Pauling's earlier suspicions about fluorine's structure.
Researchers used neutron crystallography to map the structure and catalytic mechanism of protein kinase A, revealing previously unknown characteristics and enabling enhanced understanding of cellular processes. The discovery paves the way for more precise therapeutics with fewer side effects.
Scientists at ORNL solved a 50-year-old puzzle explaining why beta decays are slower than expected by including subtle effects in theoretical models. The team used ORNL's Titan supercomputer to simulate tin-100 decay into indium-100, demonstrating increased confidence in computing nuclear processes.
Physicists have solved a 50-year-old mystery in beta decay, a process that drives stellar explosions and synthesizes elements. Using advanced computing power, researchers found that the beta decay rate for an atomic nucleus is more complicated than initially thought.
Researchers from the University of Luxembourg have demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of neutron scattering techniques for analyzing magnetic materials. The study focuses on analysis techniques for superconductors, permanent magnets, shape-memory alloys, ferrofluids and other magnetic materials.
Researchers from Tel Aviv University and MIT have identified the explanation for the EMC effect, which describes how quarks move more slowly inside atomic nuclei. The team found that the number of protons and neutrons forming short-ranged correlated pairs determines the speed of quarks.
Researchers discover that quarks move more slowly in larger atoms due to short-range correlated pairs, finding a long-sought explanation for the EMC effect. The study uses data from particle accelerator experiments and confirms that larger nuclei contain more such pairs, resulting in slower-moving quarks.
Researchers developed a universal function that links short-range correlations between protons and neutrons in the nucleus to the EMC Effect, a phenomenon where quarks inside nuclei have lower average momenta than predicted. The study provides a possible explanation for the effect and offers a new perspective on the atom's nucleus.
Researchers have reproduced an exotic form of magnesium, magnesium-40, which has led to unexpected findings about its nuclear structure. The study suggests that Mg-40 may be football-shaped, with the added neutrons forming a halo nucleus, and this discovery challenges current theories.
A new study by ELSI researchers suggests life thrived on Earth 3.5 billion years ago, based on analysis of ancient sulfur isotope ratios. The findings provide new insights into microbial metabolism and its impact on the geochemical record.
Researchers have successfully bound a kaon to a nucleus, creating an exotic nucleus with two protons and a single kaon. This discovery provides insights into the origin of mass and quantum phenomena like color confinement.
Simulations of nuclear fission using quantum-mechanics show that pear-shaped deformation is favored by strong Coulomb repulsion in fragments. This mechanism explains asymmetric fission in several systems and improves predictions for exotic nuclei.
Researchers have developed a new method to non-destructively measure the salt content of concrete structures using a compact neutron source. This allows for efficient inspections without damaging the structure, which is crucial for aging infrastructure such as bridges and tunnels.
A team of international researchers has captured the tensor-force originated high-momentum proton-neutron pairs using a proton scattering experiment. The study reveals the dominance of particular nuclear structures, shedding light on the nuclear force's non-central component and its effect on nuclear structure.
Researchers isolated and measured the weak force between protons and neutrons for the first time, revealing a mirror-asymmetric component of the force. The experiment used a unique apparatus to control neutron spin direction, detecting gamma rays emitted by interacting particles.
Scientists developed a nonmagnetic high-pressure cell to preserve neutron spin polarization, enabling three-dimensional analysis of electron spin arrangements. This technique has potential applications in developing new materials with multiferroic properties and controlling spins.
Scientists from Swansea University and international partners use x-ray and neutron imaging to assess fusion component robustness, yielding valuable data for development. The research aims to harness nuclear fusion safely and efficiently, overcoming temperature challenges in extreme environments.
FIONA's first results confirm predictions for the mass numbers of moscovium and nihonium, two superheavy elements. The tool provides a reliable way to measure these numbers with experiments, addressing potential issues with nuclear mass models.
Physicists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have successfully measured parity violation in ytterbium atoms with different numbers of neutrons, confirming the predictions of the Standard Model of particle physics. The results show that the effect increases with the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University have developed a unified theory explaining the formation of pinch points and half moons in frustrated magnets. The theory reveals that these patterns arise from the same underlying physics, with pinch points representing equilibrium and half moons signifying violation of local conservation laws.
Scientists developed a new method to produce nanodiamonds and silicon carbide with defined defects, utilizing neutron irradiation in nuclear reactors. This approach enables the efficient production of rare nanomaterials for medical applications, including cancer diagnostics.
The study found that coordinated CAVs can stabilize traffic flow, reduce fuel use by more than 40 percent, and improve travel time. The team's results also explored the potential of CAVs to indirectly influence human-driven cars' performance. Additionally, researchers at ORNL studied neutron-rich nuclei, improving understanding of nucl...
Researchers used the n_TOF facility to explore a neutron channel that could increase the destruction rate of Be-7 and resolve the Cosmological Lithium Problem. However, the results indicate that neutron channels alone are not enough to resolve the issue, leaving scientists with additional challenges to address.
A team developed a new method for measuring magnetic field lines inside massive samples, enabling three-dimensional images of complex magnetic fields. This non-destructive technique has diverse applications in basic research and industry, including material analysis and visualization of electric motors and propulsion systems.
Researchers have made the first direct observations of water in lipid bilayers used to model cell membrane fusion. The study provides new insights into diseases associated with disrupted cell fusion and could lead to treatments for degenerative diseases.
Researchers at Uppsala University developed a new computer algorithm that simulates polymer dynamics hundreds of times faster than traditional methods. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize fields such as inkjet printing and materials science.
Researchers at Indiana University are leading an experiment that could shed light on the existence of matter in the universe. The project aims to detect a small separation of electrical charges in neutrons, which would validate theories about the imbalance between matter and antimatter.
Researchers found that a small fraction of protons in neutron-dense objects significantly impact their stiffness, mass-to-size ratio, and cooling process. Protons are believed to determine several properties of the star due to their high energy content.
A study at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility found that protons in neutron-rich nuclei have higher momentum than neutrons due to short-range correlations, which may impact neutron star dynamics. The research, published in Nature, confirms earlier hints and quantifies the effect for the first time.
Researchers found that in neutron-rich objects, protons carry a disproportionate part of the average energy, moving faster than neutrons. The team analyzed data from CLAS experiments and observed a significant increase in the probability of protons having high energies as the number of neutrons increased.
The UT-ORNL team conducted the first full characterization measurement of an accelerator beam in six dimensions using a replica of the Spallation Neutron Source's linear accelerator. This achievement advances our understanding of particle accelerator beams and has significant implications for future accelerators.
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) has reached a record power level of 1.3 megawatts, achieving 94 percent accelerator beam availability. This milestone establishes a new baseline for operation and paves the way for researchers to conduct faster analyses using neutrons on various materials.
Researchers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center are investigating the use of gallium nitride crystals in various space applications, including radiation tolerance and neutron detection. The material's high efficiency and resistance to radiation make it an attractive option for reducing instrument size, weight, and power consumption.
Researchers found local distortions in the crystal lattice of an iron pnictide compound at ultracold temperatures near optimal superconductivity. These distortions indicate a 'nematic quantum critical point' where nematic phases compete with superconductivity, potentially aiding its development.
Researchers at TU Wien use the PF2 ultra-cold neutron source to test the existence of symmetrons, a theory that could explain dark matter. The experiment excludes a broad range of parameter values, but the team is cautious and seeks further measurements or discoveries.
Researchers from MSU and RIKEN Nishina Center discovered eight new rare isotopes of elements phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, argon, potassium, scandium, and calcium. Calcium-60 is the heaviest known calcium atom with 20 protons and 40 neutrons.
Physicists from Cracow and Kielce predict that alpha clusters, made up of two protons and two neutrons, exist in light nuclei. Experimental physicists can detect these clusters using high-energy accelerators.
A metal-organic framework (MOF) material has been developed that exhibits selective, reversible, and repeatable capture of nitrogen dioxide gas from the atmosphere. The material, MFM-300(Al), demonstrated robustness and capability to be fully regenerated multiple times without loss of crystallinity or porosity.
Researchers probe Periodic Table's limits as new elements are added, challenging traditional understanding of atoms. The search for element 119 continues, with potential implications for the definition and structure of atoms.
A recent study validates a theory on quantum magnets behaving like photons of light, opening up new possibilities for understanding light's properties. The research team used neutron spectrometers to detect the presence of emergent electric and magnetic fields in a material called praseodymium hafnate.
Researchers use neutron tomography to study teeth, root balls, batteries, and fuel cells with improved spatial resolution and faster image acquisition. This non-destructive method provides valuable information for optimizing material design.
Researchers calculate fundamental property of protons and neutrons with unprecedented 1 percent precision, matching long-standing experimental results. The new calculation provides a critical benchmark for applying lattice QCD to nuclear physics problems, which could aid in dark matter searches and answer outstanding questions about th...
A team of researchers used powerful supercomputers to calculate the nucleon axial coupling, which is central to understanding a neutron's lifetime. Their method offers a clear path to resolving the experimental discrepancy and provides new insights into fundamental forces of nature.
Scientists have calculated the axial coupling of neutrons with unprecedented precision using supercomputers, paving the way for more accurate nuclear physics predictions. This breakthrough has significant implications for fields like nuclear energy and nuclear weapon detection research.
Scientists have calculated the axial coupling constant of the weak interaction with high precision using lattice QCD simulations. This method allows for the comparison of experimental results and may explain discrepancies in neutron lifetime, shedding light on dark matter and fundamental universe questions.
Physicists use powerful supercomputers to solve quantum chromodynamics equations, which governs how quarks and gluons interact within neutrons. The new calculation yields the highest-ever precision of nucleon axial coupling, a property that determines the strength of neutron decay into protons.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory made the first observations of supersonically propagating phasons through a vibrating crystal lattice. This discovery may revolutionize heat management in future electronics devices by providing a shortcut to send energy through materials.
A team led by Chen-Yu Liu from Indiana University developed an experiment to accurately measure neutron decay rates. The use of a 'magneto-gravitational trap' eliminates the risk of interference, allowing for highly precise measurements and new insights into the universe immediately after the Big Bang.
A team of scientists successfully measures the average neutron lifetime using an asymmetric magneto-gravitational trap and in situ detection. This breakthrough overcomes decades-long uncertainties, providing valuable insights into fundamental parameters in particle physics.
Researchers at Osaka University have identified a carbon isotope with a magic number of six, demonstrating improved stability and understanding of spin-orbit coupling in atomic nuclei. This breakthrough provides new insights into the origin of spin-orbit force and magic numbers of nuclei.
Researchers used neutron scattering to study the microscopic structure and optoelectronic properties of hybrid perovskite materials. The study found that hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the material's performance, enabling manufacturers to design solar cells with increased efficiency.
Unstable atomic nuclei like Helium-8 and Lithium-8 can be investigated through beta decay and detection of decay products. The author discusses available experimental data and models applied to 'exotic' nuclei, revealing unresolved puzzles in the connection between microscopic structure and observable quantities.
A team of researchers has successfully extended the search range of an exotic gravity to short distances, demonstrating the highest sensitivity reported to date. The study uses a high-intensity pulsed neutron beam at the J-PARC facility, allowing for precise measurements of gravitational interactions.
Scientists at TUM found that electrodes are wetted twice as fast in a vacuum than under normal pressure. The liquid spreads evenly from all four sides, reducing electrolyte absorption by ten percent.
Researchers at Colorado State University have demonstrated micro-scale nuclear fusion using a compact laser, achieving record-setting efficiency for generating neutrons. This breakthrough could lead to advances in neutron-based imaging and materials science research.
Researchers at NIST and NIH developed a new method that uses movable silicon gratings to focus neutron beams, allowing for the examination of objects at unprecedented scales. This breakthrough could complement existing scanning techniques, enabling scientists to probe the interiors of materials without damaging them.
Researchers have created a novel non-invasive method to quantify untapped natural gas reservoirs by analyzing the compositional distribution on porous surfaces inside shale rocks. This method provides both average and deviation values of material properties, aiding decision-making in the industry.
A new analysis of ultracold neutron measurements imposes strict constraints on the interactions of axions with nucleons and gluons. Researchers discovered frequency changes in neutrons that could be indicative of an 'axion wind', suggesting a specific direction of movement for these hypothetical particles.
Researchers at Georgia Tech and Oak Ridge National Laboratory use neutron beams to illuminate presenilin, an intramembrane protease that chops protein building blocks. The study reveals a simpler protein structure than expected, with two chemical knives for cutting peptides.