Articles tagged with Neutrons
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have made significant advancements in identifying microbes linked to endometriosis, a condition that causes painful lesions and infertility. The lab has also developed a low-power neuromorphic device capable of quickly analyzing complex data sets, promising applications in scientific research.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki designed an instrument that can detect and identify explosive materials in unexploded artillery shells using prompt gamma neutron activation analysis. The instrument achieves a precision better than 1% within 30 minutes, allowing for non-destructive detection.
The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) has completed a $338 million upgrade to triple its original energy design and is now ready to begin experiments. The accelerator will enable scientists to study the quark structure of matter with unprecedented precision.
The new detector module MultiFLEXX enables faster data collection by measuring multiple angles and energies simultaneously, reducing measurement times by a factor of 10. This results in significant gains in acquisition efficiency, particularly useful for applications involving temperature or magnetic field mapping.
The University of Huddersfield and STFC are working on the RF distribution system for Europe's €1.8 billion European Spallation Source, a particle accelerator expected to be in full use by 2023. The project aims to produce high-intensity neutrons for atomic-level investigations of materials.
A team of scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology has proposed a novel approach to tackle radioactive waste disposal. By adding a moderator to a fast spectrum reactor, they found that effective transmutation of long-lived fission products can be achieved without the need for isotope separation.
A new study uses neutron analysis to understand the molecular mechanism of an oxygen-generating enzyme that breaks down chlorite, a industrial pollutant found in groundwater and drinking water. The research opens possibilities for future applications in bioremediation and biotechnology.
Researchers have discovered a new magnetic phase transition in a uranium-ruthenium crystal at extremely high magnetic fields. At around 21.6 Tesla, the magnetic moments of uranium atoms point alternatingly up-up-down in opposite directions, forming an uncompensated antiferromagnetic order.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory use neutron crystallography to study the location of hydrogen atoms in aspartate aminotransferase, an enzyme vital to metabolism. This study could lead to new antibiotics and medicines against multidrug-resistant diseases.
Researchers have developed a new multiple-wavelength neutron holography technique that can produce clear three-dimensional atomic images. This method uses neutrons to study the structure of materials made up of lighter elements, such as calcium fluoride crystals with europium ions.
A team of ORNL researchers aims to use deep learning to identify patterns in scientific data that alert scientists to potential new discoveries. They plan to leverage ORNL's Titan supercomputer and develop novel high-performance computing methods.
Researchers found that healthy LDL particles become more flexible under pressure, while disease-prone particles lose flexibility. This difference in behavior may be attributed to varying lipid compositions.
The COHERENT Collaboration, led by UChicago physicists, detects elusive neutrino-nucleus scattering using a compact detector. This finding confirms the theory predicted four decades ago and has implications for understanding neutrino properties and the search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles.
The COHERENT experiment, using the world's smallest neutrino detector, has found a compelling evidence for a neutrino interaction process predicted by theorists 43 years ago. The researchers detected coherent elastic scattering of low-energy neutrinos off nuclei, which is a long-sought confirmation in particle physics.
Soil scientists have developed a new method to observe water transport in soil and plant roots, enabling the first-ever 3D mapping of this process in just 10 seconds. This breakthrough technology could also be applied to study fuel cells, batteries, and construction materials.
Physicists successfully registered a light atomic nucleus with a deformed shape, challenging the conventional view that such states only exist in massive elements. The discovery was made using a complex experimental method and computational simulations.
Raul Briceno receives Kenneth G. Wilson Award for his groundbreaking contributions to lattice field theory, enabling research on nuclear matter resonances using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have observed the Higgs amplitude mode with an infinite lifetime, providing new insights into exotic materials. The discovery was made using sophisticated neutron scattering techniques in a two-dimensional material.
Researchers have discovered two competing quantum shapes in a neutron-rich krypton isotope, 98Kr, which exhibits a gentle onset of deformation with added neutrons. This finding challenges current understanding of nuclear shapes and provides insight into the limits of quantum phase transition regions.
Researchers created a numerical 'tweezers' tool to study nucleus interactions, finding that local forces play a crucial role in determining attraction or repulsion. The study sheds light on the parameters controlling these nuclear forces, which inform nuclear structure.
A research team at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has confirmed magnetic signatures related to Majorana fermions in alpha-ruthenium trichloride, a material that could enable quantum computations. The study uses neutron scattering to reveal the material's unique magnetic behavior.
Scientists have developed a new method to measure the neutron lifetime, using a magnetic-gravitational trap that provides more precise measurements. The new device uses ultracold neutrons and avoids uneven filling of the trap, resulting in a more accurate measurement of the neutron lifetime.
Researchers from Oak Ridge National Laboratory used neutron scattering analysis to examine a living cell membrane at the nanoscale, resolving a long-standing debate about lipid molecule organization. They found tiny groupings of lipid molecules that are likely key to the cell's functioning.
Scientists have observed a surprising competition between electromagnetic and neutron decay modes in a tin-133 nucleus. The discovery suggests that nuclear structure effects play a more significant role than previously thought, potentially altering our understanding of nuclear synthesis and the creation of heavy elements.
The CEBAF accelerator has successfully delivered upgrade-energy electron beams into two of its experimental areas, Halls B and C. The upgrades mark progress toward the final DOE approval step for project completion.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have discovered a key flaw in the widely used radioisotope dating technique, which may lead to overestimated ages of geological samples. The technique's accuracy depends on accounting for differential mass diffusion, a process that was previously overlooked.
A group of researchers at the French National Center for Scientific Research discovered a peculiar state of miscible fluids contained within nanochannels. This phenomenon, known as 'microphase separation,' reveals that binary fluids can form unique homogenous liquid phases only at the microscopic scale.
Physicists have predicted the existence of a short-lived tetraneutron, a particle consisting of four neutrons, with a lifetime of 5×10<sup>−22</sup> sec. Theoretical computations based on new interactions and supercomputer simulations correlate with experimental findings and suggest unprecedented properties.
Researchers used neutrons to determine the structure of an important enzyme in Helicobacter pylori, offering a new point of attack for medications. The findings provide insights into the enzyme's mode of action, enabling the development of molecules that can block this process and target the bacterium effectively.
A team of researchers used neutron scattering to study the origins of unusual magnetic behavior in a rare earth metal oxide, revealing three key features: antiferromagnetic interactions, spin space anisotropy, and chemical disorder. These findings provide a better understanding of how quantum spin liquids exhibit exotic behaviors.
A team of researchers has made a breakthrough in understanding the structure of ice XV, revealing new insights into its formation from ice VI. Their work uses neutron diffraction and computer simulations to shed light on the hydrogen ordering phase transition.
An international team has made a breakthrough by trapping an intermediate in the mechanism of heme peroxidase enzymes and determining its structure using neutron beams. This finding could change our understanding of how these enzymes work, shedding new light on their role in biochemical processes.
Researchers at ORNL discovered using high pressures to initiate chemical reactions, opening a new pathway for synthesizing novel materials. This process may also help explain the formation of complex carbon structures observed in interstellar space.
Researchers at Iowa State University have helped demonstrate the existence of a subatomic structure called the tetraneutron, comprised of four neutrons. The new finding provides a new avenue for exploring interneutron forces and has implications for our understanding of unstable neutron systems and neutron stars.
A team of scientists has discovered that human cells and neutron stars share similar structures, including Terasaki ramps, which are helical shapes connecting stacked sheets. The similarities between these two vastly different systems suggest a universal principle governing the energy of a system.
Scientists have confirmed a long-suspected phenomenon, finding a bubble-like center of protons in the silicon-34 nucleus. The discovery was made possible by the use of an unstable, radioactive isotope and takes advantage of MSU's NSCL facility.
Researchers have proved the existence of spin-spirals in a quantum liquid, where neighboring spins fluctuate collectively as spirals. This phenomenon, known as a 'spiral spin-liquid', was observed using polarized diffuse neutron scattering on an instrument at Forschungszentrum Jülich.
Researchers used Titan supercomputer to compute nickel-78's nuclear structure and found it to be doubly magic, with greater stability than its neighbors. This confirms a theoretical prediction and may improve our understanding of the origin, organization, and interactions of stable matter.
Researchers at NIST have developed a method to create visual holograms using neutron beams, which can reveal detailed information about an object's interior. This technique has potential applications in studying solid materials and exploring small structures.
Scientists from Aarhus University used a state-of-the-art detector to measure the precise disintegration of carbon into three helium nuclei. Their findings reveal a sequence of fragmentations, relevant to developing aneutronic fusion reactions and improving our understanding of astrophysics phenomena.
Researchers used neutron crystallography to study the binding of acetazolamide to human carbonic anhydrase isoform II, gaining insights into H-bonding networks and hydrophobic interactions. This technique provides missing details that X-ray crystallography couldn't capture, enabling more effective drug design.
Or Hen received the 2015 Jefferson Science Associates Thesis Prize for his thesis on high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. He researched short-range correlations among nucleons, aiming to understand their impact on nuclear structure and related systems.
Researchers at Texas Tech University have developed hexagonal boron nitride semiconductors as a low-cost alternative for inspecting overseas cargo containers entering US ports. The material offers high detection efficiency and sensitivity, making it suitable for various applications beyond nuclear weapons detection.
Researchers have discovered a way to increase lithium-ion battery capacity by up to 2300 mAh/g, more than six times the current maximum for graphite-based batteries. Extremely thin layers of silicon can be sufficient to absorb high amounts of lithium, reducing material and energy consumption.
A team of researchers has developed a hybrid method to study the critical HIV protein Nef, which compromises the immune system. By combining two biophysical techniques, they gained insights into how Nef changes structure to interact with host proteins and evade the immune system.
The Bellerophon Environment for Analysis of Materials (BEAM) platform unites imaging technologies with advanced data analytics and high-performance computing to accelerate materials discovery and design. This innovation enables near-real-time processing, analysis, and visualization of large experimental datasets.
Physicists at OIST predict existence of new spin liquid with fluctuating magnetism, sharing similarities with gauge symmetries. Experimental confirmation through neutron scattering experiments is predicted, potentially revealing 'pinch lines' in specific materials.
Experimentalists discovered calcium-52 had a large charge radius, challenging its status as a magic nucleus. Theoretical research using Titan supercomputer confirmed the trend without kink in charge radius graph, but even advanced models couldn't perfectly match experimental data.
The Precision Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) aims to detect neutrinos emitted from the reactor, extracting information about neutrino oscillations over short distances. The experiment may reveal the existence of a fourth neutrino flavor that does not interact via the weak force.
Researchers at NIST measured the energy spectrum of photons released during neutron beta decay, providing a precise check on the Standard Model and shedding light on QED's predictions. The results are being used to further develop the theory and potentially uncover new physics beyond the Standard Model.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory used neutron scattering to uncover magnetic excitations in a rare-earth based intermetallic compound. The study reveals exotic magnetic properties, challenging conventional expectations of magnetic behavior in materials.
Researchers have discovered a magnetic crystal structure that can host Weyl fermions, which are predicted to revolutionize spintronics and quantum computing. The study found two conditions required for the presence of these massless particles in an osmium-based material.
Researchers found one-dimensional magnetic excitations in a metallic material, typical of insulating materials, with spinons contributing to the magnetism. The discovery could lead to new technologies harnessing orbital magnetism for quantum computing components.
Researchers confirmed the 'superexchange' model explaining MnO's long-range magnetic order by studying short-range magnetic interactions. The study used a new mathematical approach called mPDF analysis to measure correlations in fluctuating moments, providing crucial information about magnetic interactions and their role in superconduc...
A team of researchers used neutron crystallography to better understand a protein implicated in HIV replication, revealing a pH-induced proton 'hopping' mechanism that guides the enzyme's activity. This understanding is vital for drug resistance and guiding rational drug design.
Using neutron scattering, researchers have discovered ferromagnetism on the surface of a hybrid topological insulator material at room temperature. The discovery could lead to new opportunities for next-generation electronic and spintronic devices.
Researchers have developed a novel technique to detect special nuclear materials in cargo containers using low-energy neutron and photon imaging. This method can simultaneously measure density and atomic number, while confirming the presence of nuclear materials through unique delayed neutron emission signatures.
Researchers have used powerful computers to analyze the decay of calcium-48, a rare isotope that could reveal the mass of neutrinos. The study suggests the decay may be half as long as previously thought, improving chances of detection in underground labs and potentially confirming Majorana particles.
Scientists at ORNL used neutron scattering to observe novel behavior in a two-dimensional magnet, providing evidence for long-sought phenomena in a Kitaev quantum spin liquid. The findings suggest the presence of Majorana fermions, which could be used as the basis for a qubit.
Researchers measured precise binding energy of a 10ΛBe hypernucleus, finding small charge symmetry breaking for heavier hypernuclei. The study extends knowledge of the nuclear force to the baryonic force and has significant implications for hypernuclear studies.