Articles tagged with Optical Materials
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The University at Buffalo is leading a $10 million DARPA project to develop specific ferromagnetic materials for use in spintronics. The goal is to create magnetic semiconductors and prototype devices to exploit electron spin properties, enabling new functions in data processing, storage, and communications.
A new thermoelectric material has been discovered with the potential to significantly improve cooling efficiency in electronic systems. The material can drop temperatures by as low as 100 degrees when stimulated with an electrical current.
A new liquid crystal film can protect against continuous glare and intense light, improving visibility for drivers and welders. The material reduces light intensity from 140 milliwatts to 5 microwatts, solving glare problems in optical sensors and communications systems.
Researchers at NRL have created a new type of glass material for use in future opto-electronic devices, which could lead to advancements in optical sensors, miniaturized optical systems, high-speed communication components, and more. The material's properties are highly dependent on its layered structure and composition.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have created a porous, rainbow-colored metal that acts like a prism, diffracting a spectrum of colors. The material's tiny holes are 20,000 times smaller than existing metal meshes and could be used to steer light in photooptic computer components.
Astronomers have found evidence of a prompt high-energy afterglow component from a gamma-ray burst, suggesting multiple energy emission processes and mechanisms. This discovery supports the idea that different activities cause what appears to be a chaotic explosion.
A University of Illinois physicist has proposed a 'midinfrared' scenario that may help explain the mechanism behind high-temperature, cuprate superconductors. The theory suggests that the driving force for superconductivity in cuprates is a saving of Coulomb energy associated with long wavelengths and midinfrared frequencies.
Temple University physicist Zameer Hasan is working to increase the storage capacity of compact discs by using lasers to distinguish between different colors, allowing for a billion-fold increase in data storage. His research focuses on creating materials that can withstand high temperatures and improve the speed of laser reading.
Scientists discover that in complex systems like living cells, opposite charges don't always attract, but instead repel or separate into adhesive zones. This understanding can lead to designing new drug carriers and smart materials that respond to their environment.
Nitec's electroless nickel plating technology has been used to create a highly polished mirror with excellent optical performance. The technique, which ensures an even deposit of the coating, has achieved enormous cost savings in the restoration project.
Researchers have developed a new class of porous materials, called nanobubblepack, with ordered crystal-like arrangements of ultra-small spherical spaces. They can produce these materials in a range of pore sizes and fill them with various substances.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed adjustable satellite antennas using smart materials that can change shape to improve signal quality. The new design reduces the need for constant reorientation of satellites, increasing their efficiency and range.
A team of astronomers led by Bo Reipurth and John Bally observed that ultraviolet radiation from nearby massive stars destroyed the cocoons of gas and dust surrounding young stars, revealing billions of miles long supersonic jets. The destruction has provided new insight into star birth and evolution, and may have implications for the ...
A new ultrasonic scanner developed by Penn State researchers can image the interior of a material as it responds to temperature changes. The device was used to study a laminate material called PEEK, which is widely used in various consumer products, and demonstrated its ability to detect defects and monitor internal structure changes.
Weizmann Institute scientists have created a new class of magnetic materials made of clusters of inorganic molecules, opening up research possibilities for the microelectronics industry. The new magnets display an unusual combination of properties that make them suitable for miniaturization and potential industrial applications.
Miniature shock waves can be used to probe complex systems and investigate phenomena at the molecular level. The technique opens up new possibilities for research in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
Scientists have discovered a cheap material that changes color in response to light, potentially revolutionizing energy-efficient windows. The material could regulate illumination levels, glare, heat gain and loss, making buildings use less energy.
Scientists at Sandia National Laboratories and UNM develop a rapid method to self-assemble diverse materials into coatings mimicking seashell structures. The coating process creates tough, strong, optically transparent coatings suitable for automotive finishes, optical lenses, and other applications.
Researchers have successfully grown monomolecular films of a helical polypeptide, poly-gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate, directly from a flat surface. The films exhibit comparable polarization to conventional ferroelectric materials, with potential applications in piezo- and pyroelectric devices.
Scientists have discovered that sulfur transforms into a superconductor at extremely high pressure, with a critical temperature of 10 K. The findings provide an important test for theories of superconductivity and could lead to new energy-related applications.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new gold-DNA probe technique that offers high accuracy and speed in detecting genetic and pathogenic diseases. The method uses gold nanoparticles combined with oligonucleotides to detect specific genes linked to diseases, eliminating the need for radioactive materials.
Scientists at the Weizmann Institute successfully created uniformly oriented crystals of varying sizes by fine-tuning the small remaining mismatch between two materials. The method, using a technique called electrodeposition, holds promise for developing tiny semiconductors with new optoelectronic properties.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered a new compound with unique properties that could be used in various applications. The compound, zirconium tungstate, has been found to behave under high pressures and has potential uses in electronics, optics and dental care.
Researchers developed polymer-based photonic materials that can store thousands of times more data than traditional CDs. The new materials utilize two-photon absorption to enable efficient color movie storage and allow for compact data storage, making them ideal for archiving large quantities of images.