Articles tagged with Optics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers develop a new method to fabricate micro-supercapacitors with graphene hybrid nanostructured electrodes, achieving high power density and energy density. The technique enables precise control over electrode materials and structures, leading to improved device performance.
Researchers successfully decode 10 weak classical signals simultaneously using continuous-variable quantum dense coding in 20-km fiber channels. The channel capacity of deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication is increased compared to classical communication with coherent state.
A new window technology shields buildings from EMP threats while maintaining transparency. The innovative design offers broadband EMP protection with high optical transparency, suitable for practical architectural applications.
Researchers have created a hybrid polaritonic crystal that enables dynamic tuning of Bloch modes by combining low-loss α-MoO3 with electrically tunable graphene. The material exhibits electrical control over its band structure, allowing for selective enhancement of Bloch mode resonance and on-demand switching of far-field radiation.
Researchers have demonstrated an angstrom-scale electroplasmonic platform enabling giant modulation (2000% V⁻¹ ) of near-field nonlinear optical effects across a broad spectral range. The discovery provides a novel scheme for highly efficient electro-optical conversion in an infinitesimal spatial scale.
Researchers developed a phase multiplication technique harnessing laser feedback and cavity dynamics to enhance ranging resolution. Higher-order harmonics exhibit higher phase sensitivity, allowing for improved measurement accuracy.
Researchers at ICFO have successfully created a supersolid state of matter by coupling ultracold potassium atoms to light, directly imaging the crystal-like structure and its oscillating spacing. The team observed stripes forming and vanishing as the cloud size expanded or shrunk, behavior related to its superfluid nature.
Researchers have introduced a new dimension to holography called the optical operator, enabling scalability and security in holographic systems. The team demonstrated a 9-fold increase in channel capacity and a 2-bit operator-multiplexed hologram with ultra-secure encryption capabilities.
Researchers developed a comprehensive framework to describe intensity fluctuations in Spontaneous Brillouin scattering, linking its stochastic behavior to system parameters. Experimental validation confirmed theoretical predictions, revealing the universal fundamental precision limit imposed by SpBS noise on Brillouin metrology.
A new system integrates terahertz spectroscopy with deep learning to accurately image, detect, and classify explosives. It achieved a remarkable average classification accuracy of 99.42% at the pixel level for exposed samples.
Researchers develop novel thermometric method based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in gases, offering predictable and calibration-free temperature measurements. The technique enables direct retrieval of temperature from the Brillouin frequency shift, making it inherently absolute.
Researchers developed a new method for self-aligned laser transfer printing using Thermal Conductivity Gradient Carbon (TCGC) stamp, ensuring synchronous chip release and mitigating transfer errors. The SALT technique enables heterogeneous integration of diverse micro-objects onto various challenging surfaces with high accuracy and siz...
Researchers at the University of Rochester create a new process to turn ordinary metal tubes unsinkable by etching micro- and nano-pits on their surface, making them superhydrophobic. The tubes stay afloat in water, even when damaged or submerged for extended periods.
Researchers have successfully controlled the rotation of molecules suspended in liquid helium nano-droplets using a new optical centrifuge. This breakthrough enables scientists to study the behavior of exotic, frictionless superfluids and understand how molecules interact with the quantum environment at various rotational frequencies.
Physicists report the first experimental observation of quantum state transfer enabled by hidden symmetries in a network of laser-written optical waveguides. This discovery dramatically expands the design space for quantum circuits, opening the gates towards new classes of networks for secure quantum communication and cryptography.
Researchers used a custom-designed microscope to image individual lunar regolith grains, revealing the carriers and origins of their magnetism. The study provides insights into the Moon's internal structure and thermal evolution history.
A new type of optical atomic clock using ytterbium-173 ions has the potential to revolutionize timekeeping. The clock combines the high accuracy of single-ion clocks with the improved stability of multi-ion operation, making it a promising candidate for the next generation of atomic clocks.
The 2D charge-transfer Mott insulator VOCl demonstrates a strong nonlinear response and record nonlinear optical anisotropy. Its third-harmonic generation anisotropy ratio reaches ρTHG = 187, the highest known among van der Waals materials.
Guosong Hong was honored with the inaugural award for his groundbreaking research on tissue clearing, a technology that makes organs visible to visible light. His work has far-reaching applications in noninvasive diagnostic imaging and clinical translation.
Developed by a collaborative team of researchers, the novel metasurface-based platform harnesses quantum interference to enable precise sensing of subwavelength lateral displacement. The system achieves high accuracy while reducing the required number of detected photons, making it suitable for next-generation semiconductor lithography.
Researchers have developed two spectroscopic techniques based on quartz tuning fork detection, Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES), to improve gas sensing technology. QEPAS techniques enhance system signal strength using high-power lasers, novel excitation sources, and...
A new framework models pointing error in QKD optical wireless systems, clarifying its role in degrading secure key generation. The study found that increased beam waist and asymmetrical beam misalignment degrade performance, while increasing receiver aperture size and average photon numbers can improve it.
Researchers overcome spatial resolution limit of sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy by utilizing plasmonic near-field confinement. This breakthrough enables direct visualization of nanoscale orientation heterogeneity in interfacial molecular domains.
Researchers develop novel approach to isolate density fluctuations from signal measurements, achieving superior long-term stability. The method uses a three-dimensional atomic density model and neural networks to estimate and compensate for these disturbances in real-time.
Researchers investigated energy shifts in 173Yb+ ions, combining experiment and theory to uncover the nucleus's magnetic field distribution. The study provides an experimental foundation for precise clocks and fundamental physics tests using complex ions like Yb+.
Researchers developed a novel camouflage strategy using rough surface, silver nanowires, and biometric coatings to deceive multiple detection methods simultaneously. The device effectively simulated the spectral characteristics of vegetation and reduced infrared emissivity.
Scientists at SwissFEL have developed a technique known as X-ray four-wave mixing, allowing them to access coherences in matter for the first time. This breakthrough has the potential to illuminate how quantum information is stored and lost, ultimately aiding the design of more error-tolerant quantum devices.
Researchers introduce a new class of topological phases, termed multi-topological phases (MTPs), which offer an avenue for understanding physical phenomena not explicable with conventional band topology. MTPs are characterized by distinct multiple topological invariants linked to their own boundary states.
Oliver Zielinski's contributions to oceanography have significantly advanced understanding and stewardship of the ocean through innovative research and leadership. He has led applications of artificial intelligence for environmental monitoring and mentored early-career scientists.
Uriel Levy has been appointed as the inaugural editor-in-chief of SPIE's Advanced Quantum Catalyst journal, which will serve as a premier venue for real-world quantum applications. The journal aims to bridge the gap in quantum research publishing landscape by emphasizing implementation, integration, and cross-disciplinary applications.
Columbia physicists develop new method to scale neutral-atom arrays using metasurfaces, enabling creation of 2D arrays with thousands of trapped atoms. The technology has the potential to benefit quantum computing and other neutral-atom quantum technologies.
The American Physical Society's Global Physics Summit will convene over 14,000 physicists worldwide for groundbreaking research presentations. The event will feature both in-person and online experiences, including scientific sessions, exhibits, and networking events.
Researchers from the UJI Optics Group have developed a new method to correct image aberrations in single-pixel microscopy using a deformable lens. This approach combines an adaptive lens with a sensor-less method that evaluates image sharpness directly from the data, producing sharper images close to the physical resolution limit witho...
Researchers have developed a strategy to enhance the stability of CsPbI3 perovskite nanoplatelets by incorporating formamidinium, which improves bulk thermodynamic stability and surface ligand binding. This approach leads to highly oriented superlattices with improved linear polarization of light emitted.
Physicists at Trinity College Dublin propose a new means of capturing useful energy from light sources like sunlight, lamps, and LEDs. Theoretical analysis may lead to the development of optical devices that can channel light energy into a concentrated beam.
A team of scientists creates a dynamically reconfigurable topological photonic platform that can control local topological properties in real-time using spatially patterned optical pumping. This enables the topological edge mode to be steered, redirected or blocked entirely by adjusting an external pump profile.
A new 'pocket microscope' technology enables direct molecular imaging with femtogram precision, transforming pathology workflows and opening new frontiers in space biology. The deep-ultraviolet ptychographic pocket-scope (DART) provides label-free spectroscopic contrast without external labels.
Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute have successfully implemented mode-locking to generate coherent trains of X-ray pulses with unprecedented temporal structure. This achievement enables attosecond science and opens up new experimental possibilities, including precise timing of phenomena in gases, liquids, and solids.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a new technique to convert low-energy light into high-energy LEDs, improving the ability to upconvert green light to blue or ultraviolet light. The method uses plasmonics to boost upconversion on a thin metal film, reducing the power needed by 19 times compared to previous setups.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to quantum memories using 3D-nanoprinted light cages filled with atomic vapor. The technology enables highly efficient conversion of guided light pulses into collective atomic excitations, with storage durations of several hundred nanoseconds. The platform's compact size and room-temperature ...
A new sample prior based point spread function (PSF) decoupling method enables accurate system characterization without theoretical assumptions. Regular biological samples act as modulators to optimize the system PSF, allowing non-parametric and adaptive imaging.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive technique, fast raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy, to observe microvascular endothelial dysfunction at the single-capillary level. The study found that this technology can resolve dynamics of individual cutaneous capillaries and provide better inter-day repeatability compared to existing methods.
Researchers review transfer printing techniques for integrating III-V semiconductor devices into silicon photonics, enabling diverse optical functionalities and applications. The technology offers precise control over thin film parameters and precise device placement.
Researchers developed LSTM-assisted optical fiber interferometric sensing to overcome the limitation of free spectral range, achieving simultaneous high sensitivity and wide measurement range. The technology uses gating mechanisms and sequence learning capabilities of LSTM to model long-term dependencies in complex interference spectra.
New review article highlights advancements in VLMs, enabling unified, intelligent approach to complex images. Key milestones include Vision Transformer and CLIP, bridging visual understanding and language generation.
The Advanced Photonics Young Innovator Award honors outstanding papers published in SPIE-CLP's journal over the past five years. Seven recipients are celebrated for their diverse range of innovative research, which shapes the future of optics and photonics.
Researchers at Lund University have developed a compact and elegant way to stretch ultrafast laser pulses using a diffraction grating, allowing for precise control over pulse duration. This enables full characterization in a single shot, without the need for pre-compensation optical elements.
Flat-band ultrastrong coupling is observed experimentally and theoretically verified, revealing a previously unexplored regime of light-matter interaction with potential applications in polariton-driven chemistry and materials science. Hybrid surface plasmon-phonon polariton modes are generated, extending over a wide range of momenta.
Researchers developed LightGen, an all-optical chip that performs advanced generative AI tasks with remarkable speed and efficiency. The chip hosts over two million photonic neurons, enabling complex tasks such as high-resolution image synthesis and video manipulation.
Researchers at Paderborn University and TU Dortmund University have developed materials smaller than the wavelength of light and precisely manipulated photons. They created quantum light sources for quantum computing and ultra-fast communication, as well as low-temperature electronics to control quantum experiments.
A team from the University of the Witwatersrand and Huzhou University discovered a vast alphabet of high-dimensional topological signatures, enabling robust quantum information encoding. This breakthrough utilizes orbital angular momentum to reveal hidden topologies in entangled photons.
Scientists have developed a new approach to analyzing polarization data, offering a more accurate understanding of complex materials. The elliptical vectorial metrics model simplifies the interpretation of polarization information, improving biomedical imaging and material design.
Researchers developed a precision magnetometer based on magneto-optic material that changes optical properties in response to a magnetic field. The device can detect magnetic fields comparable to those of high-performance cryogenic magnetometers, but with minimal size, weight and power consumption.
L. Jay Guo, University of Michigan professor, recognized for scalable nanopatterning technology enabling next-gen flexible electronics and structural color applications. His work has attracted interest from major companies like Samsung and Toyota.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a new method for creating thorium-based nuclear clocks using an electroplating technique. This breakthrough could lead to smaller, more efficient nuclear clocks that can be used in navigation systems, including satellite-free navigation and submarine navigation.
Researchers have successfully generated and visualized helical electromagnetic pulses, a long-sought form of light that twists through space and time. The achievement overcomes significant challenges and opens up new possibilities for technologies like ultrahigh-speed communications and precision imaging.
Researchers from TU Delft and Radboud University discovered CuInP₂S₆ (CIPS), a two-dimensional ferroelectric material, can control the pathway and properties of blue and ultraviolet light. CIPS shows giant birefringence in the blue-UV range, making it a potential game-changer for photonics applications.
A new paradigm in spectroscopic sensing has emerged through the integration of optical waveguides and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technology. This breakthrough enables ultra-sensitive, portable detection platforms with transformative on-site real-time monitoring capabilities.
A new open-source stabilization system enables sub-nanometer precision in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, overcoming technical complexity. The system achieves high stability, allowing for long-duration single-molecule localization experiments with controlled drift-induced errors.
Researchers have achieved perfect transfer functions in Coherent Diffractive Imaging (CDI) with various numerical apertures, pushing the imaging resolution to the Abbe diffraction limit. Their computational framework, RFD, solves the high-NA CDI problem for the first time, achieving a record-high imaging resolution of 0.57λ.