Articles tagged with Particle Accelerators
Astronomers using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope found that less than a third of gamma-ray emission arises from black-hole-powered jets. The study suggests that alternative explanations, such as particle acceleration in normal star-forming galaxies and dark matter, may be responsible for the extragalactic gamma-ray background.
New images from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reveal the sources of cosmic rays, which consist mainly of protons moving at nearly the speed of light. The telescope mapped billion-electron-volt gamma-rays from middle-aged and young supernova remnants, providing insights into the origins of these energetic particles.
Researchers are working on improving the efficiency of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities made of niobium to accelerate beams of subatomic particles in next-generation high-energy physics experiments. This could lead to powerful accelerators that open new frontiers in physics without increasing size.
Physicists are developing a $278 million neutrino detector to study fundamental mysteries of the universe. The NOvA collaboration, involving 180 scientists from 28 institutions, aims to better understand matter and dark matter, the universe's formation and evolution, and astrophysical events.
Physicists at Iowa State University are starting to see real data from the Large Hadron Collider, a multibillion-dollar particle accelerator. The team is analyzing the data from the ATLAS experiment's silicon pixel detector, which uses 80 million pixels to make precise measurements of particles created in high-energy collisions.
The LHC has successfully recorded its first proton collisions, providing a crucial benchmark for the accelerator's performance. The ALICE experiment detected 284 collisions at an energy of 450 GeV, confirming previous measurements and laying the groundwork for future experiments.
Giovanni Ossola's NSF-funded project aims to improve the accuracy of LHC computations using his OPP Method. He plans to involve students in the experiment, promoting stronger ties between CERN and City Tech.
Physicists have improved measurements of the top quark's mass, which bears on the nature of the Higgs boson. The new world average value constrains the range of possible Higgs measurements more tightly than ever.
The Louisiana Tech team is part of the ATLAS collaboration for the Large Hadron Collider, investigating new physics beyond the Standard Model. They have directly contributed to data quality software development and will analyze the data to make important discoveries.
The VERITAS telescope array has found new evidence for cosmic rays in the Cigar Galaxy, supporting the theory that supernovae and stellar winds are the dominant accelerators. The discovery confirms that starburst galaxies contain more cosmic rays than normal galaxies.
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detects diffuse gamma-ray emission from star-forming regions in nearby galaxies, suggesting that these regions are the source of cosmic rays. The telescope observes intense gamma-ray emission from a region called 30 Doradus within the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.
Researchers aim to control electromagnetic forces that can destroy future particle accelerators. They propose two approaches: heavy damping and light damping with detuning, to mitigate the effects of extreme wake fields. Detuning is compared to acoustics, where ringing bells at different frequencies reduces overall sound amplitude.
The first US-built superconducting radiofrequency niobium cavity to meet the ILC's stringent performance goals has been successfully tested at Jefferson Lab. The cavity, manufactured by Advanced Energy Systems, exceeded the specification of 35 MV/m with an accelerating gradient of 41 megavolts per meter.
The CDF collaboration observes the Omega-sub-b baryon with two strange quarks and a bottom quark, confirming theoretical expectations but conflicting with a previous DZero result. The discovery strengthens physicists' confidence in their understanding of quark matter formation and opens a new window for investigating this rare object.
Researchers from University of Nevada, Reno set new constraints on extra Z-boson particle, a carrier of the fifth force of nature. The team achieved high-precision analysis of atomic parity violation in cesium atoms, outperforming previous experiments with increased computational complexity.
ESnet4 network provides highly reliable, high-bandwidth connectivity to support and advance the US scientific community. The award recognizes ESnet's efforts to meet the increasingly data-intensive demands of the DOE research community.
A novel system enables high energy physicists at CERN to integrate their existing pool of distributed computers with dynamic resources in science clouds. The integration uses the Nimbus Context Broker and CernVM technology, allowing researchers to dynamically deploy virtual machines on remote resources.
The discovery of single top quark production at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory marks a milestone in understanding matter and energy. This finding fills a gap in the Standard Model of the universe, solidifying knowledge of the basic components of matter.
Scientists at Fermilab's CDF experiment have found evidence of a new, unusual particle called Y(4140), which challenges our understanding of quark combinations. The particle decays into J/psi and phi particles, suggesting a possible composition of charm and anticharm quarks.
The latest Fermilab analysis excludes a significant fraction of the allowed Higgs mass range, carving out a section between 160 and 170 GeV/c2. This result is based on data from the CDF and DZero collider experiments, which predict that the Higgs particle should have a mass between 114 and 185 GeV/c2.
The DZero collaboration has achieved the world's most precise measurement of the W boson mass, reducing its uncertainty by a factor of ten. This precision measurement will lead to stricter bounds on the mass of the elusive Higgs boson and provide insights into other not-yet-observed particles.
A team of 28 scientists, led by Ann Heinson, has made the first observation of single-top-quark production in proton-antiproton collisions. This achievement provides crucial clues to solving long-standing mysteries about the universe, particularly in relation to the Higgs boson.
Researchers at Brown University have contributed to the observation of single top quarks, one of the building blocks of matter. This rare event allows scientists to understand top quark properties better.
Scientists confirm single top quark discovery, validating total number of quarks. The rare single top production has significance for the ongoing Higgs search at Fermilab's Tevatron.
Researchers found oxypnictides exhibit similarities with copper-oxide high temperature superconductors, both emerging from magnetic states. This discovery may lead to designing new superconducting materials and resolving the underlying physics behind high temperature superconductors.
A recent gamma-ray burst observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is the most extreme recorded to date, with energies exceeding those of 9,000 ordinary supernovae. The blast's tremendous power and speed make it a significant finding in the field of gamma-ray bursts.
Scientists at Fermilab will present talks on the proposed Project X accelerator, the latest Higgs search results from the Tevatron collider experiments, and an update on the search for dark matter using a bubble chamber. The conference features expert discussions on high-intensity accelerators and their applications in particle physics.
The institute will continue its world-class research into antimatter and dark matter, extra space-time dimensions, and the Higgs boson. The new funding will also enhance computer facilities, create permanent academic appointments, and support UK phenomenology community members.
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has discovered 12 new gamma-ray-only pulsars and detected pulses from 18 others. The finds are challenging our previous understanding of how pulsars work, with gamma rays now believed to originate far above the neutron star.
Physicists tested Einstein's prediction that matter and massless particles would behave the same under different conditions. The experiment, led by Indiana University astrophysicist Stuart Mufson, found no evidence of a violation of Lorentz invariance, confirming relativity's validity.
LMU Munich has awarded two Alexander von Humboldt professorships to international scientists Ulrike Gaul and Georgi Dvali, both experts in systems biology and cosmological particle research. The awards bring significant funding and attract top talent to the institution.
The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid has combined the power of over 140 computer centers from 33 countries to analyze and manage 15 million gigabytes of LHC data annually. This massive distributed computing system will enable 7,000 scientists worldwide to analyze data and uncover secrets about the physical universe.
The Large Hadron Collider has begun circulating protons through its full circumference, a significant milestone in the field of particle physics. The event was celebrated with a pajama party at Fermilab's Remote Operations Center, where researchers and engineers gathered to mark the occasion.
The Large Hadron Collider has sent its first beam of protons around the world's most powerful particle accelerator at nearly the speed of light. Scientists believe this achievement could unlock extraordinary discoveries about the nature of the physical universe.
University of Michigan physicists played a key role in detecting the Omega b baryon, an exotic relative of the proton. This discovery provides insight into the strong force and matter's formation in the universe.
Iowa State University physicists are part of the research team taking notes as the first beam of protons begins racing around the world's largest particle accelerator. The collider aims to answer basic questions about how the universe works, including how particles acquire mass and what is dark matter.
Physicists at Fermilab have discovered a new particle called the Omega-sub-b baryon, composed of two strange quarks and a bottom quark, with a mass of 6.165 GeV/c2. The discovery brings scientists closer to understanding quark formation and completing the periodic table of baryons.
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has revealed its first all-sky map in gamma rays, showcasing the glowing gas of the Milky Way and pulsars in unprecedented detail. The telescope's high-energy capabilities will enable discoveries of new pulsars and reveal powerful processes near super-massive black holes.
The Large Hadron Collider is poised to generate a bonanza of experimental data, putting hotly debated theories to the test. Potential breakthroughs include an explanation of mass and identification of dark matter.
The Tevatron experiments have excluded a mass of 170 GeV for the Higgs boson with 95% probability, restricting possible masses and demonstrating sensitivity to potential signals. The combined data allows experimenters to cross-check and confirm results, improving their chances to observe the Higgs.
The DZero collaboration at Fermilab has observed pairs of Z bosons, a rare event that makes its discovery an essential prelude to finding or excluding the Higgs boson. The observation was made possible by analyzing nearly 200 trillion proton-antiproton collisions.
Researchers are now exploring the fringes of the Periodic Table in pursuit of another 'island of stability', similar to the one discovered in superheavy chemical elements. The next island could lie around atomic number 164, requiring more sophisticated technology and a deeper understanding of element formation.
The COUPP experiment has set a new limit on the spin-dependent properties of WIMPs, contradicting previous claims. By using a glass jar filled with CF3I, scientists study statistical variations between bubble photographs to detect dark matter particles.
Researchers from University of Wisconsin-Madison and UC-Berkeley say that exotic particles may distinguish between possible shapes of extra dimensions predicted by string theory. The shape of the dimensions determines the properties and behavior of our four-dimensional universe.
A team of UC Riverside physicists, led by Gail Hanson, contributed to the installation of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracking Detector at CERN. The detector will help discover new physics and improve our understanding of the universe.
Kyle Cranmer, a Brookhaven Lab physicist, has received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers for his work on the ATLAS experiment at CERN. He specializes in advanced data analysis and statistical techniques to discover new physics at the Large Hadron Collider.
Physicists investigate the spin of protons using a novel method that separates quark and gluon contributions to the total spin. This discovery has implications for understanding spin's role in various applications, including medical imaging.
Physicists at University of Illinois discover a new fundamental particle, boson, that arises from strong electron interactions and explains the puzzling behavior of high-temperature superconductors. The particle has a charge of 2e but is not composed of two electrons.
The MiniBooNE experiment resolves questions raised by the LSND [3] experiment in the 1990s that appeared to contradict findings of other neutrino experiments worldwide. The results conclusively show that the LSND results could not be due to simple neutrino oscillation, clarifying the overall picture of how neutrinos behave.
The LHC Theory Initiative has announced its first-ever $40,000 graduate fellowship awards to stimulate young talent in particle physics. The recipients, Randall Kelly and Jonathan Walsh, will use the funds to support their research on higher-order corrections and simulation tools.
The French CNRS and CEA teams collaborated closely in constructing the LHC, assembling 392 quadripole magnets to guide beams through the tunnel. The technology developed during this collaboration is transferable to other equipment currently being studied or built.
Astrophysicists discovered a mechanism that produces high-energy gamma rays from the Milky Way's black hole, accelerating protons to unprecedented speeds. The process creates high-energy gamma rays through collisions between accelerated protons and hydrogen gas.
Physicist Burton Richter says new experiments will answer some questions but raise others about the universe's composition and expansion. He emphasizes the need for prioritizing crucial research to advance our understanding of dark matter, dark energy, and the Standard Model.
Researchers at TRIUMF are developing custom radioisotopes to target cancer cells more efficiently. They aim to create tailor-made treatment programs for each patient, reducing radiation doses and treatment sessions.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and other institutions have developed a test of string theory, which involves measuring the scattering of high-energy particles in particle collisions. The test could eventually be performed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) if the predicted predictions are not found.
The CDF experiment has measured the W boson mass with unprecedented precision, yielding a value of 80,413 +/- 48 MeV/c2. This result suggests that the Higgs boson could be lighter than previously predicted, making its observation more likely at experiments like Tevatron.
The new MidWest Tier 2 Center will receive data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, enabling physicists to analyze and extract scientific results. The center will utilize grid computing techniques and collaborate with institutions worldwide to process vast amounts of data.
The DZero experiment has observed the production of single top quarks in a rare process involving the weak nuclear force, marking an important test of particle theory. The results suggest that the magnitude of Vtb lies within the predicted range, consistent with the Standard Model, but further analysis is needed to confirm this finding.
Physicists at UCR have detected the top quark, the heaviest known elementary particle, for the first time without its antimatter partner, allowing them to study its properties and production process. The discovery has significant implications for understanding the fundamental nature of the universe and how objects acquire mass.
A Johns Hopkins University-led team has discovered two new subatomic particles, called Sigma-sub-b particles, which are members of the 'baryonic' family. The particles contain the second-heaviest quark and are unstable, decaying within a tiny fraction of a second.