Articles tagged with Particle Theory
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at MIT have observed a rare electronic state in which electrons become fractions of their total charge without the need for external magnetic fields. This effect, known as the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect, has significant implications for the development of topological quantum computing.
A new experiment could test whether relatively large masses have a quantum nature, resolving the question of whether quantum mechanics works at a larger scale. The proposed experiment exploits the principle of measurement-induced collapse to observe changes in motion.
Entanglement is crucial for quantum computing, and researchers have proposed a condition to maximize it. The study, published in Physical Review B, uses the Hellmann-Feynman theorem as a reference point to explore finite temperature and quantum critical points.
A new theory, self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), proposes that dark matter particles interact through a dark force, explaining high-density halos and low-density halos of ultra-diffuse galaxies. SIDM simulates cosmic structure formation with strong dark matter self-interactions, diversifying halo density in central regions.
A new theory unifies gravity and quantum mechanics by preserving Einstein's classical concept of spacetime, proposing random fluctuations in spacetime that can be verified experimentally. The theory challenges the pursuit of a quantum theory of gravity, offering an alternative approach to reconcile the two fundamental theories.
Researchers from Eötvös Loránd University have mapped the space-time geometry of quark matter using femtoscopy techniques. This study sheds light on the strong interaction governing quark matter and atomic nuclei, a fundamental area still in its early stages.
Physicists investigate systems of self-propelled particles whose speed depends on orientation, discovering a series of new effects, including spontaneous cluster formation with permanent flow and programmable shapes. The findings have practical importance for technical applications, such as realising programmable matter.
Researchers developed a new theoretical framework called Assembly Theory, which bridges physics and biology to understand how complexity and evolution emerge. The theory explains and quantifies selection and evolution, providing new insights into the physics underlying biological complexity and evolutionary innovation.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have uncovered new clues in the quest for understanding dark matter, a mysterious substance making up 84% of the universe's mass. The study suggests that the dark photon hypothesis is preferred over the standard model hypothesis, providing evidence for a potential particle discovery.
Researchers used supercomputers to predict the spatial distributions of charges, momentum, and other properties of 'up' and 'down' quarks within protons. The results revealed key differences in the characteristics of the up and down quarks, implying different contributions to the proton's fundamental properties.
A new study from the University of Chicago has laid out the internal structure of polyelectrolyte complexes, a special kind of molecular assembly that helps cells keep themselves organized. The researchers used a combination of simulations and neutron scattering to determine the precise structure of these molecules, which could lead to...
Scientists have discovered a rare type of white dwarf pulsar, shedding light on stellar evolution and the origin of strong magnetic fields. The newly detected pulsar, J1912-4410, has a size similar to Earth but a mass at least as large as the Sun.
Researchers have calculated the heavy quark diffusion coefficient, which describes how quickly quarks and gluons transfer their momentum to heavier quarks. The calculation reveals that heavy quarks are strongly interacting with the surrounding plasma, making it difficult for them to change direction.
Researchers at Caltech have developed a technique that uses quantum entanglement to create biphotons, which can be used to image cells with a resolution twice that of traditional microscopes. By harnessing the properties of quantum entanglement, scientists can now visualize tiny structures within living cells with unprecedented precision.
Researchers found Dark Matter does not consist of ultramassive particles but rather ultralight particles that travel like waves. The discovery resolves an outstanding problem in astrophysics and provides new insights into the nature of Dark Matter.
Researchers at Pusan National University have created a new algorithm that can accurately predict ice resistance and fracture points for ships navigating through the Arctic shipping routes. The model uses an elastic material approach, allowing it to study continuous ice-breaking processes, which is essential for efficient navigation.
A team of scientists at Mainz University has developed a method to efficiently compute a new class of Feynman integrals associated with Calabi–Yau geometries. This allows for high-precision theoretical predictions of particle interactions and better understanding of their mathematical structure.
Researchers propose a novel approach to analyzing microplastic particles, highlighting the importance of particle size and shape in determining environmental impact. Studies show that even samples with similar numbers of particles can have varying levels of plastic pollution based on mass, volume, and specific surface area.
A University of Queensland-led research team is using an unusual caesium atom to search for dark matter particles. The team's work may also improve atomic theory calculations and technology, such as navigation systems.
A team of researchers has developed an amplification technique to study a parity-violating interaction between spins mediated by a hypothetical Z' boson. The setup, called SAPPHIRE, uses polarized rubidium and xenon atoms to increase sensitivity five orders of magnitude, setting new constraints on the strength of this interaction.
University of Central Florida researchers observed de Broglie-Mackinnon wave packets, a long-standing theoretical concept, by exploiting a loophole in 1980's-era laser physics theorem. The team's use of space-time wave packets, which resist stretching in dispersive media, verifies predicted properties and opens the path to studying top...
Scientists successfully synthesized the elusive Λ(1405) particle and measured its complex mass, revealing a temporary bound state of a K- meson and proton. The findings may provide insights into the interior of ultra-dense neutron stars and the early formation of the Universe.
A new study has resolved the first molecular steps of particle formation from iodine emissions, a crucial process in atmospheric secondary particles. The research team found that iodine plays a significant role in forming clouds, providing a key piece in understanding the changing atmosphere.
A team of scientists at the University of Bern's Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics has successfully narrowed the scope for the existence of dark matter using a precision experiment with neutron spin clocks. The results excluded axion-like particles and set new limits on dark matter existence.
Researchers at UNH tested state-of-the-art calculations of the strong force with an experiment probing proton spin, finding agreement with one but not the other. The findings provide a benchmark for testing the strong force and its applications in future technology.
Researchers have created and observed novel vortices in an ultracold gas, exhibiting unexpected properties due to hidden discrete symmetries. The discovery may lead to breakthroughs in quantum computing and information processing.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem discovered that coarse sea spray significantly reduces the amount of lightning in storm clouds. The study found that aerosols larger than 1 micron, or coarse sea spray, inhibit lightning by up to 90%, while smaller aerosols actually increase lightning and affect rainfall.
Researchers at Boston College have discovered a new particle known as the axial Higgs mode, a magnetic relative of the mass-defining Higgs Boson particle. The detection was made possible by using light scattering and quantum simulator techniques in a tabletop experiment at room temperature.
A new study proposes a mathematical tool to understand the fractal structure of quark-gluon plasma, which is formed in high-energy collisions. The fractal structure explains some phenomena seen in these collisions, including particle momentum distributions that follow Tsallis statistics.
Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has produced the most precise measurement yet of theta13, a key parameter for understanding how neutrinos change their 'flavor.' The result will help physicists explore mysteries surrounding matter and the universe.
Researchers discover innovative method to test Unruh effect in lab settings, enabling experimentation with high-intensity lasers. They also find acceleration-induced transparency, a phenomenon that could aid in unifying Einstein's general relativity with quantum mechanics.
Researchers at MIT and University of Waterloo propose stimulating the Unruh effect to increase its probability of detection, potentially shaving wait time from billions of years to just a few hours. The new approach, known as acceleration-induced transparency, enhances the Unruh effect while suppressing competing effects.
Researchers at University of Illinois discover key connection between symmetry and Mott physics, providing new insight into high-temperature superconductivity. They found that breaking a hidden symmetry destroys Fermi liquids, implying that all models of Mott insulators must break this particle-hole symmetry.
Researchers at Brookhaven Lab propose a cosmological phase transition as the key to supermassive black hole formation in the early universe. This process, facilitated by ultralight dark matter particles, enabled efficient collapse of matter into black holes.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a unique detector using compressed xenon gas to detect axion-like particles, promising a breakthrough in finding dark matter. The new technology enables the exploration of previously inaccessible masses, constraining the properties of axion-like particles.
Physicists have narrowed the axion mass range to 40-180 micro-eV using advanced simulations and supercomputer power. This new estimate suggests that the most common type of experiment to detect axions won't be able to detect them, regardless of tuning.
Researchers at the University of Manchester observed the Schwinger effect using graphene-based devices, producing particle-antiparticle pairs from a vacuum. They also discovered an unusual high-energy process where electrons became superluminous, providing an electric current higher than allowed by general rules.
Tamás Hausel and Nigel Hitchin develop a new theory on Higgs bundles, connecting combinatorial, differential, and algebraic geometry to particle physics. The theory provides insight into the representation theory of Lie groups and could lead to new insights in mathematical physics.
Janus particles, with two distinct physical chemical properties, exhibit unique behavior in simulations. Their shape significantly influences their orientation at interfaces and mobility, impacting rheology and processing schemes.
Physicists have detected X particles in quark-gluon plasma produced in the Large Hadron Collider, a phenomenon that could reveal the particles' unknown structure. The discovery uses machine-learning techniques to sift through massive datasets and identify decay patterns characteristic of X particles.
A new theoretical model of supercapacitors takes into account cation properties to increase electric differential capacitance. The authors believe this will lead to the creation of more powerful energy sources in the future.
Physicists investigate the act of measuring a quantum particle, revealing that non-linear models can reconcile quantum behavior with classical measurement outcomes. The study sheds light on the elusive crossover between quantum physics and the everyday world.
Researchers proposed rational design of nanocatalysts using metal-support interaction descriptor, identifying optimal balance between adhesion and cohesion energies. This theory guides the design of ultrastable heterogeneous metal nanocatalysts, overcoming sintering issues and improving productivity.
Researchers estimate that the visible universe contains approximately 6 times 10 to the power of 80 bits of information. This numerical prediction offers a potential avenue toward experimental testing and refining predictions, including research into the hypothesis that information is the fifth state of matter in the universe.
An international team of scientists, led by Professor Owen Long, explored supersymmetry as an extension of the Standard Model. They conducted experiments at the Large Hadron Collider and found no signs of supersymmetric particles, but their null result is still a significant scientific progress.
Physicists have developed a groundbreaking theory, LaMET, to calculate the quark and gluon structure of protons traveling at the speed of light. This breakthrough resolves limitations in existing lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) theories, allowing for predictions on proton structure that can be tested by future experiments.
Researchers found that quantum mechanics' influence on particles affects light emission, demonstrating wavefunction collapse and altering interference patterns. The study sheds new light on the counter-intuitive phenomenon, revealing a direct connection between light emission and quantum entanglement.
Astronomers observe a tidal disruption event caused by an intermediate-mass black hole consuming a star, providing the first measurements of its mass and spin. The findings shed light on the elusive category of intermediate black holes, which may account for most black holes in galaxy centers.
A new theoretical framework suggests that dark matter's properties can be explained by the existence of an extra dimension in space-time. The force between dark matter particles is described by a continuum, which could address puzzles seen in small galaxies.
A team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology developed simple robots, dubbed 'dumb robots', which can collectively clear debris despite their simplicity. The BOBbots use task embodiment to achieve complex tasks without sensors or programming.
Researchers estimated muon's magnetic field strength using a fully verified theory independent of experimental measurements. The result aligns with the standard model of particle physics, suggesting no need for new physics to explain the phenomenon.
A new theoretical calculation of the muon magnetic moment has reduced the discrepancy with experimental measurements, but sparks debate on the standard model's fate. The calculation, involving CNRS physicists, used precise measurements made with electron-positron colliders and European supercomputers.
Researchers propose a new theory that predicts the existence of a new force between ordinary and dark matter, making dark matter accessible to forthcoming experiments. The 5-dimensional field equations also predict the existence of a heavy particle with similar properties as the Higgs boson but a much heavier mass.
Researchers found a 10-μm silicate feature in large olivine particles, contradicting the Mie theory. The study's outcome sheds new light on comets and deep space, potentially affecting our understanding of cosmic dust particles.
Researchers from KIT participate in the Belle II accelerator experiment to enhance understanding of dark matter in the universe. They have now limited mass and coupling strengths of the Z' boson with previously unattainable accuracy using initial data collected during the startup phase.
Researchers at KOTO reported four rare kaon decays, violating a theoretical connection between charged and neutral kaon decays. The findings could force physicists to modify the standard model if confirmed by further experiments.
Researchers found a way to explain the lack of antimatter in the universe using the Two Higgs Doublet Model. Computer simulations showed that the universe was extremely out of equilibrium when the Higgs boson turned on, making it possible to produce matter without annihilating with antimatter.
Researchers from Yale, Harvard, and Northwestern University found that many theorized heavy particles may not exist, contradicting the Standard Model. The study's results suggest a smaller electron EDM, challenging alternative theories like supersymmetry and grand unified theories.
Researchers at Yale, Harvard, and Northwestern universities used a unique process to fire a beam of molecules into lasers, revealing the electron's round, negative charge. The findings support the Standard Model of particle physics and challenge alternative theories.
A team of scientists has detected highly energetic radiation from a microquasar, shedding light on extreme particle acceleration and jet physics. The findings improve our understanding of particle acceleration in jets of microquasars, offering insights into more extreme events at the centers of distant galaxies.