Articles tagged with Particle Theory
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists at Lomonosov Moscow State University have developed a new theory explaining the inertial lift force acting on finite-sized particles in microchannels. This phenomenon enables efficient particle sorting, including separation of healthy cells from cancerous ones.
Researchers used data from the intergalactic medium to narrow down what dark matter could be, casting doubt on 'fuzzy dark matter' and lending credence to 'cold dark matter.' The findings could inform ongoing efforts to detect dark matter directly.
Researchers discovered new details about the Perseus Cluster's mini-halo, a pool of superfast particles emitting radio waves. The study revealed complex mechanisms causing the radio emission, including particle reacceleration and a powerful black hole's energy kick.
University of Utah mathematicians introduce 'field patterns,' a theoretical framework that describes how disturbances move through materials under varying conditions. This new object exhibits characteristics of both propagating waves and localized particles.
New measurements of neutrino oscillations have shed light on outstanding questions regarding fundamental properties of neutrinos. These findings may provide clues to the nature of dark matter and how the universe arose from the Big Bang.
Scientists have developed a new theoretical framework to improve the stability and intensity of particle accelerator beams. The theory couples vertical and horizontal motions of particles, providing important tools for designing high-intensity beam manipulations.
Researchers have measured the size of dust particles around a young star for the first time, achieving a precise size measurement through radio-wave polarization. The estimated size of the dust particles is at most 150 micrometers, which is more than 10 times smaller than previously thought.
Sally Dawson received the J.J. Sakurai Prize for her contributions to theoretical particle physics, specifically her work on the Higgs boson's properties and predictions. Her research aims to improve the accuracy of particle production and decay processes at the LHC.
Researchers discovered a connection between nuclear particles and electromagnetic theories via plasmas, suggesting an equivalence between generalized Casimir forces and weak nuclear interactions. The study found that long-range electromagnetic fluctuations differ from those in vacuum conditions.
Researchers propose pilot-wave theory as an alternative to Copenhagen interpretation, inspired by a macroscopic fluidic system exhibiting quantum-like statistics. The system's chaotic dynamics lead to unpredictable particle behavior, challenging traditional notions of reality.
Researchers challenge previous predictions suggesting a potential breach of the third law of thermodynamics at extremely low temperatures. They demonstrate that particles confined within finite volumes, even at zero temperature, do not violate the law.
A study published in Physical Review Letters reveals that exchange rate fluctuations can be modeled using the principles of statistical physics. The research demonstrates that market orders and transactions influence price movements in a manner similar to the impact of thermal agitation on particles in a fluid.
A team of scientists at Yale and Harvard has set a new benchmark for the electron's roundness, contradicting some Supersymmetry theories. The research used a unique method to detect particles, showing that the electron is more spherical than predicted by these extensions.
A new study demonstrates that electrical resistivity in composite materials follows a staircase-like pattern with increasing conducting particle concentration. The findings, published in European Physical Journal B, use percolation theory to explain the discrete series of resistances observed.
Researchers have developed a new method to clean theories and models of particle physics from uncertainties, making it easier to assess their validity. The approach could lead to the discovery of new physics, which may explain long-standing problems such as dark matter and gravity.
Physicists at the University of Bristol have made a significant breakthrough in understanding the nature of light by demonstrating its wave-particle duality. The experiment, published in Science, shows that photons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior simultaneously, resolving a long-standing debate in quantum mechanics.
Majorana particles may form the basis of quantum computers, while also being linked to dark matter. Theoretical physicists at Dartmouth College have proposed a model suggesting Majoranas could exist in topological superconductors.
A University of Oklahoma graduate student has been awarded a national physics award for his groundbreaking research on dark matter. His thesis explores the mixture of two particles, axion and lightest supersymmetric (LSP) theory, providing a more intricate picture of dark matter.
A Caltech-led team of astronomers has discovered 18 new planets orbiting massive stars, with masses similar to Jupiter's. The findings provide valuable insights into planetary formation and support the theory that planets grow from seed particles accumulating gas and dust in a disk surrounding a newborn star.
Researchers recreated a miniature event at the universe's origins using Einstein's E=mc2 equation and the Large Hadron Collider. Dr. Andreas Warburton and his team are searching for exotic new particles, which could help complete or contradict the Standard Model of Particle Physics.
Researchers have directly observed the instantaneous velocity of tiny Brownian particles, contradicting Einstein's long-held prediction. This breakthrough uses optical tweezers to trap and measure glass beads suspended in air, validating the equipartition theorem.
Physicists Mickey Chiu and Hooman Davoudiasl were awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for their innovative research in quantum chromodynamics and theoretical particle physics. Their work aims to understand the substructure of protons and address fundamental problems in the Standard Model.
Scientists created pairs of entangled photons using a twisted optical fiber, demonstrating the 'spooky action at a distance' predicted by quantum theory. Their results rule out nonlocal hidden variables theories and confirm quantum mechanics' predictions.
Researchers led by Dr. Shaohua Xu propose a new theory on the origin of Alzheimer's Disease, suggesting that abnormal tau protein molecules form tangled fibers that accumulate and kill brain cells. The three-step process involves spherical clusters, linear chains, and uniform filaments.
A new analysis reveals that predicted mass scale for discovering new particles is about one TeV, more than double the previous estimate. This discovery could revolutionize particle physics research.
Scientists have demonstrated that fermions, particles predicted by quantum mechanics to avoid close proximity, indeed exhibit an 'anti-bunching' effect, repelling each other due to quantum interferences. This finding enables the detection of correlations between atoms and advances our understanding of matter at the quantum scale.
The new g-2 measurement has deviated significantly from the standard model prediction, with a difference of 2.8 standard deviations. This discrepancy has sparked renewed interest in the possibility of new physics beyond the Standard Model, particularly supersymmetry.
Researchers have discovered that spherical crystals develop unique 'scar' defects to compensate for the curved surface, allowing them to pack in place. The findings, supported by experiments with water droplets and tiny beads, provide insights into how such structures form and persist in nature.
Researchers propose two theories to explain the origin of neutron star kicks: the 'mass rocket,' which suggests a mass ejection asymmetry, and the 'neutrino rocket,' which relies on the intense magnetic field surrounding the newly formed neutron star. These theories aim to explain the observed high speeds of pulsars and the asymmetrica...
A new theory suggests that solar eruptions originate below the Sun's visible surface, rather than in its outer atmosphere. The proposed 'solar flux rope' model could improve forecasting and preparation for electrical disruptions on Earth.
Researchers used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the electronic structure of Nd-LSCO, finding charge carriers segregated into one-dimensional lines and exhibiting quantum fluctuations that give rise to two-dimensional effects. This discovery may help resolve a paradox between different theories of superconductivity.
William Bardeen, a renowned physicist at Fermilab, has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences for his groundbreaking contributions to quantum field theory. His work on anomalies in quantum field theory and applications of the strong force has garnered international recognition.
A new chemical sequence has been uncovered, casting doubt on long-held equilibrium theory and clearing the way for kinetic chemistry. The finding breaks the strong bond between carbon and oxygen atoms under intense radioactivity conditions.
A new theory called inflationary cosmology suggests that the universe may have begun as a fractal, with an exponential expansion period. This theory provides answers to several questions about the origin of the universe and its structure.
Physicist Glennys Farrar proposes that extremely high-energy cosmic rays come from distant quasars, violating the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff. She suggests a new subatomic particle, the SO, with neutral and gluon-bound properties, as an alternative explanation.
Qaisar Shafi's research proposes two distinct components of dark matter, with the 'cold' component residing in galaxy haloes and the 'hot' component gravitationally trapped by large-scale structures. This new understanding could guide experimental work and incorporate dark matter into models of the universe.
String theory proposes that elementary particles are vibrating strings in 10 dimensions, requiring a reconciliation of quantum mechanics and general relativity. Mathematicians have found Calabi-Yau manifolds that describe simple equations, which resemble special black holes in our four-dimensional world.
Scientists at UB and IBM have reported the first irrefutable proof that d-wave theory is responsible for high-temperature superconductivity in a thallium thin film. This finding builds on earlier work and provides conclusive evidence for proponents of the d-wave theory.