Using X-ray analysis, scientists have studied molten basalt at extreme pressure conditions, revealing a stiffer and denser form of the magma. The findings support the concept of two magma oceans in the early Earth's mantle, separated by a crystalline layer.
A new study found that buffet diners are more likely to choose healthy foods when they are presented first. The researchers discovered that the presentation order of buffet food significantly impacts selection, with healthier options triggering subsequent choices.
Researchers have created a cocktail boat that uses the Marangoni effect to move through an alcoholic drink, propelled by a difference in surface tension. A floral pipette resembling an upside-down flower captures and closes around a drop of liquid, serving as a palate cleanser.
The 2013 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards recognized outstanding science journalism, including a series on preventing Asian carp from invading the Great Lakes and an early warning system for earthquakes. Winners included Dan Egan, Hillary Rosner, Joshua Seftel, Barbara Lich, and Azeen Ghorayshi.
A team of Stanford neuroscientists and engineers found that a localized region of the prefrontal cortex converges color and motion signals to make two snap judgments: which sensory input is most relevant, and what action to take. This discovery confounds conventional wisdom on decision-making processes.
Researchers at UTMB have discovered that PKC activation leads to alternative splicing events in the heart, causing developmental shift and preventing correct functioning. This finding could help lead to prevention and treatment of heart failure in diabetics.
Researchers at UTSA aim to reduce wind turbine lifespan by studying turbulence effects; they will use advanced computational modeling to simulate aerodynamics of rotating turbines. The study's findings may lower wind energy costs and improve wind farm efficiency.
Researchers have identified a steady decline in attention to others' eyes in 2-6 month old infants later diagnosed with autism. This finding suggests that social engagement skills are intact shortly after birth in children with autism, and could lead to early diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have found a more accurate laboratory method for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. The new technique uses morphological features to identify the disease with 93% accuracy, significantly improving diagnosis over traditional methods.
A study by Brown University researchers found that lighter non-wood bats did not launch the ball at significantly higher speeds than wood bats, particularly for younger players. The study's results suggest that coordinated rules for bat performance in youth baseball are needed to ensure player safety and enjoyment.
Movshon's groundbreaking work discovered neurons in the brain that enable global motion perception, revolutionizing our understanding of how we process complex visual scenes. His research has had a lasting impact on the field of visual neuroscience.
Cocaine addicts may be seeking relief from emotional lows rather than euphoric highs. Rutgers researchers discovered that negative emotions play a crucial role in regulating cocaine abuse, leading to binge-like behavior. The study suggests that understanding the importance of emotional lows can help combat substance abuse.
June L. Round will use the award to develop ways to kill 'bad' bacteria while preserving commensal microbes that provide health benefits. Her research aims to exploit immune mechanisms to distinguish between good and bad organisms.
New research published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine found that radioembolization therapy can extend survival for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases by approximately 50 percent. This treatment option has shown promise as a life-extending treatment for salvage patients who have failed current treatments.
Researchers created a novel method to rapidly print electrical circuits with $300 in equipment costs, taking 60 seconds to produce working circuits. The technique enables non-technical enthusiasts to prototype custom-printed circuits.
San Diego State University has received a $8.5 million grant to study how the heart heals and ways stem cells can help repair it. Researchers aim to clear away limitations that limit cardiac function and restore quality of life for patients suffering from heart failure.
A newly discovered species of tyrannosaur, Lythronax argestes, has been unearthed in southern Utah and possesses unique features that challenge previous timelines. The study indicates that tyrannosaurs likely evolved in isolation on the continent of Laramidia.
Northwestern University researchers found that brain activity can predict individual differences in reading comprehension, with nearly 90% accuracy. They used EEG to measure brainwaves and compared the results between ordered and scrambled story texts.
A study published in Pediatrics found that cell phone coaching improved parenting skills and reduced depression and stress in mothers. The intervention, which included daily texts and calls from coaches, helped mothers learn positive parenting strategies and their children adapted better to new situations.
A new study found that tigers are dispersing over much greater distances than previously recorded, with long-range connectivity reduced by human settlements and roads. Genetic approaches combined with landscape ecology revealed evidence of tiger populations connected across 650 km in Central India.
A U.S.-based analysis by University of Pittsburgh researchers suggests that bisexual men may not be responsible for significant HIV transmission to their female partners. The study found that bisexually behaving men were only 40% as likely to be infected with HIV as homosexually behaving men, primarily due to lower rates of unprotected...
Researchers at Duke University have enabled monkeys to control two virtual arms using their brain activity. The study advances efforts to develop bilateral movement in brain-controlled prosthetic devices, aiming to restore mobility and sense of touch in severely paralyzed patients.
A human clinical study has demonstrated that participants taking Natura Therapeutics' NutraStem Cardio showed a significant increase in cognition compared to age-matched individuals taking a placebo. The results improved decision-making speed across a two-month test period.
A new study found that violent crime in schools adversely affects reading and math scores on standardized tests, but has no influence on GPAs. Students' perceptions of safety also remain relatively unchanged despite fluctuations in violent crime rates.
High-quality interactions between children and adults foster growth in early language and communication skills. The study recommends ten practices to support the development of these skills, including responding to vocalizations, eliciting conversations, and using complex grammar and rich vocabulary.
Researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ETH Zurich develop a new method of using carbon nanotubes to detect molecules, enabling trace detection of biological threats, explosives and drugs. The use of metal-coated nanotubes creates a 'jungle canopy' that amplifies the detection capabilities in surface-enhanced Raman ...
The EORTC trial found that perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 increases progression-free survival compared to surgery alone, but no significant difference in overall survival was observed. The study concludes that perioperative chemotherapy should remain the reference treatment for patients with resectable liver metastases from co...
SmartLight, a new technology developed by UC researchers, uses electrofluidic cells to channel sunlight into buildings, reducing energy consumption and emissions. The system can be controlled wirelessly via a mobile app, adjusting brightness according to user preferences.
Researchers trained pond snails to forget how to breathe air and found that single stressful events impaired memory, but multiple stresses blocked all learning and memory. The study published in PLOS ONE reveals that stress affects animals' ability to form long-term memories.
A new study from Concordia University reveals that parents and peers are vital for millennials leaving home, providing both practical and emotional support. The research, conducted with 32 emerging adults, found that peers were a key source of information about moving out and adopting strategies for autonomous living.
The Chelyabinsk meteorite was analyzed by an international team of researchers, revealing its composition and origin. The study found that the meteoroid entered Earth's atmosphere at 19 km/s and broke up 30 kilometers above ground, causing widespread damage.
A new study published in PLOS ONE reveals that people with drug-related criminal records in Norway have a significantly higher mortality rate, up to 15 times higher than those with no record. The study also found that even prisoners without substance abuse problems had nearly twice the mortality rate of non-offender populations.
NASA technologists aim to apply emerging atom-optics technology to map variations in Earth's gravity field with picometer-level sensitivity. The technology could chart changes in the gravitational field over time, providing valuable insights into climate change and water cycles.
Researchers at UMD found that fruit flies have similar mechanisms to regulate blood sugar as humans, including the use of insulin. This discovery enables the use of fruit flies in screening tests for new diabetes treatments.
Researchers identified declining attention to others' eyes in infants later diagnosed with autism, starting from 2 months old. This finding has profound implications for early intervention strategies and suggests that interventions could build on existing levels of eye contact.
The BioXFEL center will focus on developing new bio-imaging techniques using x-ray lasers to analyze biological molecules. Researchers will use this technique to study drug development, disease occurrence, and the structure of individual viruses.
A study by IDIBELL researchers has identified a mechanism inducing tumor cell migration in liver cancer, suggesting that patients with overactivated TGFb and high CXCR4 levels may benefit from TGFb inhibitory therapy. The findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying liver cancer progression.
Scientists have uncovered a 165-million-year-old fossil of copulating froghoppers, providing insight into the earliest record of insect mating. The discovery suggests that froghopper genital symmetry and mating position remained static for over 165 million years.
The OU Natural Products Discovery Group has launched a crowdsourcing initiative to engage the public in finding new compounds with therapeutic relevance. The program has already led to the discovery of maximiscin, a unique bioactive compound obtained from a soil sample submitted by an Alaskan citizen.
Researchers have discovered a new metallic structure of carbon that is stable at ambient temperature and pressure. The discovery could lead to breakthroughs in materials science and technology, including the development of lightweight metals for space applications.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have discovered that multicellular algae reproduces by dispersing single cells, contradicting long-held assumptions. This finding has significant implications for understanding the evolution of multicellular complexity.
Research suggests that depressed levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) may be a biomarker for autism occurrence. Breastfeeding could serve as a natural source of IGF, potentially lowering the risk of autism development.
A study found a disconnect between public health campaigns promoting STI testing and actual conversations between lovers, particularly among college-age individuals. Conversations about STIs can influence behavior and decision-making, but many participants reported limited discussions or no testing.
A study found that humans primarily rely on upper body cues for recognition, even with limited facial information. Researchers suggest automatic face recognition systems can improve accuracy by considering the body in their decision-making process.
A new research coordination network is working to study eukaryotic biodiversity using high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. Researchers will focus on microscopic organisms playing vital roles in ecosystems, such as breaking down organic matter and turning over soil nutrients.
A new study by the UC Davis MIND Institute found that children with autism are six-to-eight times more likely to have gastrointestinal problems, including constipation, diarrhea, and sensitivity to foods. These symptoms are related to behavioral issues such as social withdrawal, irritability, and repetitive behaviors.
Research suggests that touch can alleviate existential fears for individuals with low self-esteem, reducing death anxiety and social alienation. Touching an inanimate object can also provide existential comfort, reducing ethnocentrism and promoting a sense of existential significance.
Researchers found that high-risk patients at teaching hospitals face a significant increase in mortality risk during July, when trainees take on new roles. The study suggests that intensifying oversight on high-risk cases and having more experienced doctors care for these patients can help mitigate this risk.
A NYU and CUNY study reveals that math video games can enhance students' motivation to learn by adopting a mastery mindset, particularly when played with others. Students who played the game competitively or collaboratively reported stronger mastery goal orientations, indicating an optimal mindset for learning.
A new study published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology found that metformin had no significant impact on cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic individuals with heart disease taking statins. However, the medication did reduce body weight and other related risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
The study found that cyanobacteria in floodplains fixed a significant amount of nitrogen, making it available for plants, unlike previously assumed. This discovery could lead to more accurate models and potentially reduce fertilizer use by utilizing naturally occurring cyanobacteria in soils worldwide.
The Georgia Tech Emerging Cyber Threats Report for 2014 highlights security issues with cloud storage and the Internet of Things. The report reveals encryption challenges and increased debate about tradeoffs between security, functionality, and efficiency in the cloud.
A new study from the University of Sheffield has developed a method to reduce the volume of plutonium-contaminated nuclear waste by 85-95%. This approach involves mixing the waste with blast furnace slag and turning it into glass, creating a stable end product that effectively locks in radioactive materials.
New research suggests tea consumption may help prevent chronic illnesses such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Tea has been found to promote weight loss, improve bone health, and activate areas of the brain that bolster attention, problem-solving, and mood.
Researchers have developed a squishy gel that releases an anti-inflammatory drug when compressed, like a painful knee joint. The new material could deliver medications on-demand to alleviate osteoarthritis symptoms.
Physicists at NIST create a compact atomic clock design that relies on cold rubidium atoms, promising improved precision and stability. The new design has the potential to be smaller and more precise than existing chip-scale atomic clocks.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London discovered that high-frequency vibrations in pop and rock music enhance energy generation in solar cells, increasing efficiency. The study, published in Advanced Materials, suggests a new potential for printed solar cells to generate electricity from sunlight.
A new Case Western Reserve University study examines how ruptures in the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client can damage a patient's treatment outcome for PTSD. Researchers found that repairing these ruptures can have positive effects on treatment outcomes, while unresolved ruptures predict poorer outcomes.
The Institute for Population Health Improvement at UC Davis has received grants to increase awareness of evidence-based policies addressing various health issues in California and nationwide. The programs aim to inform legislative staff and the public about key topics, including transparency in cancer care.
The European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) has published a position statement on fertility preservation, highlighting the need for informed consent and minimizing gonadotoxicity for fertility treatments in individuals of reproductive age. The statement critically appraises available options for fertility preservation in both ...