Research by University of Leeds scientists shows natural aerosols contribute more uncertainty than thought to climate estimates, with a clear path for reducing this uncertainty. The study aims to better understand the effect of aerosols on clouds and climate.
Researchers find RNA, not protein, catalyzes eukaryotic gene splicing, increasing complexity in higher organisms. This discovery enriches the 'RNA world' origin hypothesis, suggesting life on earth began with RNA-based systems.
Researchers propose a new model for supermassive black hole growth involving 'seed' black holes formed from early stars. A single collapsing star can produce a pair of black holes that merge, resolving the issue of their rapid formation in the young universe.
Scientists have developed a tearless onion that shows promise in reducing platelet clumping and inflammation, potentially leading to improved heart health. Preliminary tests also suggest it may aid in weight control.
Digital photography shows promise as a tool to detect retinoblastoma in its earliest stages. A study found that analyzing family photographs can identify leukocoria, a symptom of the disease.
Researchers created a timeline of planet and atmosphere formation by studying liquid basalt under extreme pressures and temperatures. They discovered molten magma once formed an ocean within the Earth's mantle.
The Rogels' $50 million gift will support student scholarships and the Center for Chinese Studies, bolstering U-M's global engagement and research capabilities. The gift also marks Richard Rogel's leadership role in the Victors for Michigan campaign to raise $1 billion for student support.
The team uses a powerful magnet and supercooled microwave receiver to detect faint interactions between axions and electromagnetic radiation. They aim to find cold dark matter axions in the Milky Way galaxy, which could make up 1/4 of the universe's mass.
Researchers have identified a molecular invisibility cloak that enables HIV to hide in cells, but exposing it triggers an immune response. This discovery could lead to new treatments and improve existing therapies for HIV infection.
Annual car crash deaths in England and Wales have plummeted 41% over the past five decades, but a stark disparity remains between those from affluent and disadvantaged backgrounds. The data also reveal women are more likely to die in car crashes at older ages, with significant social class differences observed.
Research at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center reveals that newborn infants' immune systems suppress helpful bacteria colonization by CD71+ cells, leading to infection susceptibility. The study proposes a new explanation for neonatal infections and suggests temporary immune suppression extends beyond the intestines.
A study from Massachusetts General Hospital found that postoperative pain can contribute to temporary impairments in learning and memory in surgical patients. Researchers identified a probable mechanism for pain-induced cognitive impairment, suggesting pathways that may be targeted by potential preventive measures.
Anthropomorphizing social causes with a human-like face can increase support by appealing to feelings of guilt and empathy. This approach was found to be effective in boosting participation in social causes such as energy conservation, recycling, and environmental issues.
Researchers found that only 66% of participants experienced complications after undergoing bariatric surgery, with most being minor and temporary. The study's findings provide encouragement to adolescents and their families considering weight loss surgery as a treatment option for severe obesity-related health issues.
Research shows that speaking two languages can delay the onset of three types of dementias, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia. The study found that people who spoke two languages developed dementia four and a half years later than those who only spoke one language.
A new study from the University of Missouri suggests that mothers' friendships with other adults can impact their adolescent children's relationships with their own friends. Mothers who display high levels of conflict with friends may signal to their children that such behavior is acceptable, leading to anxiety and depression.
Research found that adults with lower education levels consumed more sugar- and fat-rich foods than those with higher education levels. They also expended more energy through physical activity, which may explain their higher food intake.
A NASA satellite revealed intense rainfall around Super Typhoon Haiyan's eye, with rates of over 100mm/hour. The storm's powerful winds and convection patterns indicate catastrophic damage upon landfall in the Philippines.
A significant solar flare peaked at X3.3 on Nov. 5, 2013, affecting GPS and communications signals. The event is part of the sun's 11-year activity cycle ramping up towards solar maximum conditions.
A recent study describes 286 new species of wasps within the tribe Heterospilini from Costa Rica, with an estimated additional 50-100 species to be added. The findings highlight the country's astonishing biodiversity, particularly within the braconid family of parasitoid wasps.
NASA satellite imagery shows Tropical Depression 30W elongating as it makes landfall in southern Vietnam, with shallow thunderstorm development. The storm is expected to dissipate over the next day, but there is a chance of regeneration once its remnants move over nearby seas.
A new study by Dartmouth researchers eliminates a controversial theory that the universe's accelerating expansion is an illusion. They used Big Bang afterglow to show that Earth has no special place in the expanding universe, eliminating the possibility of a cosmic center.
New research reveals a clear association between ACE inhibitors and acute kidney injury, with a potential increase of 1636 avoidable hospital admissions. The study estimates that one in seven cases may be linked to increased prescriptions for these drugs.
A study of almost 650 dementia patients found that bilingual individuals experience a later onset of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Bilingualism appears to be a natural brain training that delays dementia onset.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that drilling sumps associated with hydrocarbon extraction can negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. The degradation of these sumps can lead to changes in the community composition of zooplankton, highlighting the need for better climate change mitigation strategies.
Researchers have identified adolescents with type 1 diabetes at risk of developing heart and kidney diseases through a simple urine test. The study found that normal variation in albumin levels can be an indicator of risk during adolescence.
Research finds that horse manure disperses non-native weed seeds, including 16 noxious weeds in Australia and 105 invasive species in North America. Habitat disturbance from trampling also facilitates seed germination.
Stroke patients treated at hospitals with neurology residency programs are significantly more likely to receive life-saving clot-busting drugs than those seen at other teaching or non-teaching hospitals. The findings suggest that having a neurologist on hand 24/7 increases the chances of better outcomes and improves treatment adherence.
The 'Path to 2025' Alzheimer's Disease Summit highlights the need for streamlined drug development to tackle the disease. The report estimates that current total cost of bringing an effective Alzheimer's treatment to market approaches $6 billion, nearly three times the industry average.
Researchers at University of Copenhagen have discovered a potential treatment for colorectal cancer by targeting the TOP2A gene aberration. The new treatment has shown promise in reducing treatment time and cost, with an estimated efficiency rate of 10% in patients with this gene defect.
Researchers at NIST have engineered a self-correcting crystal material that enables tunable dielectrics for microwave and advanced communication devices. The new material has perfect faults, reducing power loss and increasing efficiency.
The EORTC study found that baseline recorded health-related quality of life parameters provided additional prognostic information for survival in eleven types of cancer, including brain, breast, and colorectal cancers. The specific health-related quality of life parameters found to be predictive for survival varied by cancer site.
Research found that individuals experiencing depression process self-related information differently in the brain, showing increased activity when thinking about themselves. The study used fMRI brain imaging to compare brain activity between depressed and non-depressed participants.
Professor Alan Cowman has been recognized for his substantial contributions to understanding malaria development and drug resistance. His work has led to the development of two potential malaria vaccines, one in clinical trials and the other in preclinical development.
Researchers found that biomass pellets released lower levels of mercury when burned, reducing environmental concerns. The study suggests that switching to biomass pellets could be an effective way to decrease mercury emissions in China.
A study of 182 dual-earner couples found that mothers spent nearly 70% of their time on child care when their children were 9 months old. Despite having similar work constraints, the researchers discovered that mothers still invest significantly more time into parenting.
Research finds that hormone contraception affects the regulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity differently, depending on sex hormone levels and chemoreflex stress. Hormone levels influence the frequency and amplitude of nerve firings, with higher hormone levels protecting against cardiovascular damage in younger women.
A new strategy using a 'ditty bag' of condoms and lubricants, along with homework assignments, improves condom use among young men who have sex with men. The study found increased motivation to use condoms correctly and consistently, as well as better fit-and-feel issues.
Researchers found strong divergences in mtDNA, suggesting cryptic speciation, but no differences in nuclear DNA markers. Wolbachia infections can mimic this phenomenon, leading to false results in DNA barcoding studies. The study warns against relying solely on DNA barcoding for species identification.
Key findings include the potential for affordable bridge therapy, a potential solution for those on ART developing aging-related diseases, and a possible clearing of the latent reservoir that could contribute to a cure. A vaccine is also being explored, with promising avenues including monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibodies.
New research suggests that normal glucose regulation depends on a partnership between the pancreas and brain areas regulating blood sugar levels. The brain-centered system enhances insulin-mediated glucose metabolism while stimulating glucose effectiveness, accounting for nearly half of normal glucose uptake.
Researchers have developed an algorithmic approach to analyzing breast cancer screening data, enabling more precise detection of malignant tumors. The machine learning method reduces false positives and unnecessary interventions, improving patient outcomes.
A study published in PLOS Medicine suggests that syphilis screening and treatment in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa could be a cost-effective use of resources, preventing up to 25,000 newborn deaths and 64,000 stillbirths each year. The intervention could also prevent 2.6 million DALYs annually.
Researchers will design and test kites that harness ocean currents and tidal flows to generate electricity, potentially offering advantages over stationary marine turbines. The project aims to develop a more efficient and cost-effective way to tap into the vast kinetic energy of the oceans.
A study by Hospital for Special Surgery found that an exercise program for Asian seniors with arthritis reduced pain, improved mobility, and enhanced overall health. The program, which consisted of chair-based exercises and yoga, helped participants decrease musculoskeletal pain, stiffness, and fatigue.
Researchers at Temple University have discovered that inhibiting a specific protein called TNNI3K can limit damage from heart attacks and protect the heart from further injury. The findings have significant potential for translation into human patients and could lead to the development of a new treatment using a TNNI3K inhibitor.
Researchers discover that desert plants use hydraulic lift to acquire nutrients in dry conditions, supporting plant productivity and seed set. The system relies on tiny amounts of water released from plant roots into dry soil at night.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed new technologies to improve tiny engines, analyze vast amounts of information, and boost hybrid electric vehicles. Transient doping has been successfully achieved using only electrons, while a new inverter design reduces battery losses and improves efficiency.
Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences found that electrical stimulation with a reversed polarity can effectively modulate injury potentials and promote the spontaneous repair of cell membranes in rats with spinal cord injuries. This study proposes a method to define stimulation intensity based on injury potential values.
A recent study found that men using testosterone therapy have a 29% higher risk of death, heart attack, and stroke compared to those not using the treatment. The study, which analyzed data from over 8,000 patients, highlights the need for caution when prescribing testosterone therapy.
Scientists have developed a 3D filming technique that helps researchers understand how malaria parasites mate and spread the disease. The unique motion of malaria sperm, moving in an irregular corkscrew motion, has revealed new insights into prevention and control methods.
A new study reveals that carbon storage in re-growing tropical forests recovers faster than plant biodiversity following major disturbances. Despite this, even after 80 years, these forests tend to have less carbon than old-growth forests due to the dominance of small, fast-growing trees.
Researchers discovered that locusts use a unique mechanism to process sound, with energy density amplified as waves travel across the eardrum. This phenomenon could lead to practical possibilities for tiny microphones and signal processing.
Researchers found a strong correlation between the number of Hurricane Sandy-related photos on Flickr and atmospheric pressure in New Jersey. The study suggests that online indicators like Flickr photos could help measure disaster impact.
Researchers have gained new insights into tissue cryo-injury mechanisms, revealing that gap junctions are not the primary pathway for ice crystal propagation between cells. Intercellular connections also play a significant role in cell crystallization during freezing.
A study found that targeted communication strategies did not improve mental health outcomes in patients with depression. The interventions increased patient engagement and requests for information about depression, but failed to improve symptoms at a 12-week follow-up.
A study found considerable gender, racial, and sexuality differences in attitudes toward bisexuality, with women, white people, and those identifying as lesbian or bisexual showing less bias. The research highlights the need for social marketing interventions to reduce stigma and improve HIV prevention rates within the bisexual community
Research led by ANU Vice-Chancellor Professor Ian Young uses satellite data to track wave decay and develop a mathematical formula for predicting swell action. The study provides comprehensive data on the rate of decay, which will increase the accuracy of wave predictions for industries such as shipping and surfing.
A study led by Temple University School of Medicine reveals that beta-blockers and nitrates may help the failing heart by blocking enzyme GRK2, which can trigger heart cell death. This finding suggests new drugs aimed at GRK2 could protect the heart from progressive disease.
A new aluminum-based alloy has been successfully synthesized, enabling safe and efficient hydrogen storage for fuel cell vehicles. Researchers achieved the goal of creating a simple-structured aluminum-based interstitial alloy through extreme pressure and high temperature conditions.