A new study by Ohio State University proposes five research areas to understand why men and women respond differently to autoimmune diseases. The task force aims to uncover the cellular mechanisms behind hormonal effects and identify genetic factors that may contribute to the diseases.
A field trial in rural Nepal found that women taking vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements had a 40% lower risk of death from pregnancy compared to those not receiving the supplements. Vitamin A deficiency plays a critical role in maternal mortality, with rates often 50-100 times higher than in industrialized countries.
A mathematical model resolves a scientific debate on the origins of modern placental mammals, suggesting that a 65-million-year gap in the fossil record is unlikely due to incomplete preservation. The study finds that the quality of the mammalian fossil record is more consistent with genetic data than previously thought.
Researchers found that Chlamydia proteins can trigger an autoimmune response in the host, leading to inflammation of the heart. The link between Chlamydia and heart disease appears to involve an autoimmune disorder, with similar proteins on the pathogen's surface matching those found in human heart muscle.
A new retinal birefringence scanner can measure eye fixation independent of head position, allowing doctors to diagnose amblyopia in young children. The device has the potential to revolutionize communication and daily living for people with disabilities.
A Cornell University study found that middle school students who used an adjustable computer tray improved their posture and reduced their risk of musculoskeletal problems. The improvements were statistically significant for the forearm, neck, wrist, and trunk, but only modestly beneficial.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified a key pathway linking the growth cone's membrane receptor to actin, the final agent of change. The study reveals an uninterrupted chain of signaling events that enables neurons to transmit information from the membrane to the cytoskeleton.
The US lacks preparedness for bioterrorism attacks, according to a recent report by Dr. D.A. Henderson. The country is particularly vulnerable to anthrax and smallpox, which are identified as top bioweapon threats. The report calls for improved training, diagnostic techniques, and vaccine development to address this growing concern.
A new chemical sequence has been uncovered, casting doubt on long-held equilibrium theory and clearing the way for kinetic chemistry. The finding breaks the strong bond between carbon and oxygen atoms under intense radioactivity conditions.