Articles tagged with Plasma
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Physicists at MIT observed clear signs that quarks create wakes as they speed through the plasma, confirming the plasma behaves like a liquid. This finding provides new insights into the properties of the quark-gluon plasma and its behavior in the early universe.
The new platform, led by PPPL, aims to speed up simulations needed to advance fusion energy research. STELLAR-AI will integrate CPUs, GPUs, and QPUs to tackle the challenges of private fusion companies, enabling faster design and optimization of stellarator devices.
Jessica Eskew, a PhD student in Auburn Physics, has been awarded a highly competitive SCGSR Fellowship to conduct fusion energy research at DIII-D. Her research focuses on runaway electrons, which can damage fusion devices if uncontrolled. Eskew will collaborate with experts in energetic particle physics and plasma control.
Researchers at Rice University have developed lab-grown diamond coatings that can naturally resist scale formation without constant intervention. The nitrogen-terminated diamond surface accumulated significantly less scale than other surfaces, making it a promising anti-scaling material for water desalination and energy systems.
A team of scientists discovered a unique radio emission, the hectometric continuum, that appears after sunset and disappears before sunrise. This phenomenon is linked to processes in the near-Earth plasma and may be related to exoplanetary magnetic fields.
Scientists successfully measured electric potential in plasmas using a non-contact diagnostic technique, enabling the detection of temporal transitions in internal plasma potential distribution. The method allows for improved predictive models of plasma behavior and confinement frameworks in fusion research.
Researchers from Kyoto University have found multi-temperature coronal mass ejections from a young solar analogue, suggesting frequent strong CMEs could have driven life emergence on early planets. The study used simultaneous space- and ground-based observations to capture hot and cool plasma components.
DGIST researchers develop innovative manufacturing process for high-performance permanent magnets, overcoming conventional limitations. The new technology creates uniform magnetic performance throughout the magnet, enabling miniaturization and weight reduction in electric vehicle motors.
A research team led by Frank Geurts measured quark-gluon plasma temperatures at various stages of its evolution, providing critical insights into a state of matter believed to have existed just microseconds after the big bang. The study revealed two distinct average temperatures depending on the mass range of dielectron pairs, indicati...
Scientists at MIT developed a method to predict how plasma in a tokamak will behave during rampdown, achieving high accuracy with limited data. This new model could significantly improve the safety and reliability of future fusion power plants.
A team of researchers from Worcester Polytechnic Institute has developed a new approach to producing hydrogen using plasma technology and metal alloys. The method reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions compared to traditional methods, making it more environmentally friendly and potentially affordable.
Hundreds of physicists from around the world will convene to present new research at the 67th annual meeting of the American Physical Society’s Division of Plasma Physics. The conference features presentations on fusion energy, plasma turbulence, laser plasma acceleration, and more.
Researchers identified 33 plasma proteins that differ significantly in patients with ALS, suggesting the disease could be detected up to 10 years before symptoms appear. Machine learning models showed strong performance in separating ALS cases from non-ALS cases, with an accuracy of over 98.3%.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed a new method for producing iron that eliminates CO2 emissions and can be performed at room temperature. The process uses hydrogen gas plasma to strip oxygen from iron ore, producing pure iron and water vapor.
A comprehensive review highlights VET's potential to prevent postpartum hemorrhage and reduce maternal mortality. High-quality research on its use is limited, and a large-scale US-based study is needed to test its effectiveness.
Researchers found that individuals from African American, Hispanic and Asian groups were less likely to have elevated amyloid in the brain based on blood levels of p-tau217. This finding suggests that these groups may have a lower prevalence of amyloid and are not at sufficient risk to qualify for amyloid-lowering trials.
The sPHENIX detector precisely measured particles from high-speed collisions, revealing properties of quark-gluon plasma. This achievement enables scientists to reconstruct the early universe's conditions.
The University of Minnesota researchers discovered a new type of plasma wave in Jupiter's aurora, which helps understand the phenomenon and its potential applications for protecting Earth. The study reveals that Jupiter's magnetic field allows particles to flood into the polar cap, unlike on Earth.
Researchers used large-scale simulations to reproduce near-Earth space environment, confirming opposite charge polarities between regions. Plasma motion explains the reversal in equatorial plane.
A global collaboration found that co-deposition is the dominant driver of fuel retention in lithium walls, and adding lithium during operation is more effective than pre-coating. The study offers insights into managing tritium, a rare fusion fuel, and improving plasma stability.
A team led by Professor Masakatsu Murakami has proposed and simulated a unique scheme using micron-sized hollow cylinders with internal blades to achieve high-field levels. This approach generates intense axial magnetic fields exceeding 500 kilotesla, approaching the megatesla regime.
Researchers introduced hydrogen into high-quality Ge thin films, reducing hole density by three orders of magnitude. Low-temperature annealing repaired surface defects, further improving device performance and applicability.
CODEX observes high-energy particles and radiation from the Sun's corona, providing unprecedented data on solar activity. The findings reveal a complex interplay between magnetic fields and particle acceleration.
A new simulation approach has been developed to model plasmas used in computer chip manufacturing, allowing for improved stability and efficiency. The new code accurately conserves energy, helping to ensure the results reflect real physical processes.
A new computer model simulates magnetism and turbulence in the interstellar medium, providing unprecedented detail on the Milky Way Galaxy's overall magnetic field. The model also helps understand star formation and the propagation of cosmic rays, offering insights into astrophysical phenomenon.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University found that plasma-activated medium reduces synovial sarcoma tumor growth in human cells and mice, with no obvious side effects. The treatment was verified through in vitro and in vivo tests, offering a new potential treatment option for this rare form of cancer.
Researchers have discovered key conditions needed for a stellar black hole to create plasma jets, including the rapid shrinkage of superheated gas material towards the black hole. This study reveals that jets form under dynamic conditions, providing insights into galaxy evolution and the properties of black holes.
A randomized clinical trial found prothrombin complex concentrate to have superior hemostatic efficacy compared to frozen plasma in patients requiring coagulation factor replacement during cardiac surgery. The study also showed safety advantages for the use of prothrombin complex concentrate.
A team of researchers used computer code M3D-C1 to model different valve configurations and found that six gas valves provide optimal protection for rapidly dispersing cooling gas. The study's findings will help bring fusion power closer to reality by advancing disruption mitigation strategies.
Three PPPL researchers, Frances Kraus, Jason Parisi, and Willca Villafana, are recognized for their innovative contributions to plasma physics. Their work covers various areas, including high-temperature fusion plasmas and low-temperature plasma simulations.
Physicists have created a new code, QUADCOIL, to design stellarators, which could lead to simpler and more affordable fusion facilities. The code helps balance physics and engineering by quickly ruling out unstable plasma shapes and predicting magnet complexities.
A new study by researchers from the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture found that cold plasma-treated seeds can enhance plant growth and increase resistance to insects. However, the benefits were limited to initial stages of plant development, with control plants eventually catching up in later stages.
A Southwest Research Institute-led team identified electrons with energies enhanced by processes in the Alfvén wing, shaping the plasma environment around Io. These energized electrons interact with Io's atmosphere and surface, ionizing atoms and molecules and creating aurora.
Researchers found that functionalizing graphene sheets via plasma treatment can lead to enhanced sensitivity for specific gases, such as ammonia. The study discovered different types of defects created on the graphene sheets depending on the gas used during plasma treatment.
Researchers have made an unexpected breakthrough in laser-plasma acceleration by introducing a novel water sheet target, resolving multiple technical challenges. This breakthrough enables the generation of faster, brighter, and more efficiently produced proton beams, paving the way for real-world applications in medicine and industry.
The KAIST research team developed an AI-based technique to accurately predict Hall thruster performance, significantly reducing the time and cost associated with iterative design, fabrication, and testing. The trained neural network ensemble model offers detailed analyses of performance parameters, accounting for key design variables.
A retrospective cohort study of 44,000 individuals found associations between baseline fasting glucose levels, age, sex, and body mass index with the development of diabetes. The study highlights individual variation in diabetes risk according to commonly measured clinical variables, suggesting potential for targeted interventions.
Researchers Choongseok Chang, Seung-Hoe Ku, and Robert Hager developed simulations that closely matched experiments in the DIII-D device, revealing that turbulence doubles the exhaust layer width. This discovery supports predictions that ITER could have a broader exhaust footprint than previously thought.
International researchers have found that energetic particles can alter the structure of edge-localized modes in tokamaks. This interaction mechanism could lead to more efficient ELM control techniques and improved plasma stability. The study's results have significant implications for future fusion power plants.
A team of researchers discovered supra-thermal DT ions beyond Maxwellian distributions in ICF burning plasmas. The new hybrid model predicts a ~10 ps ignition moment promotion, enhanced alpha particle densities at the hotspot center, and the presence of supra-thermal D ions below 34 keV.
Researchers discovered supra-thermal DT ions beyond Maxwellian distributions in burning plasmas of inertial confinement fusion. The findings, achieved through innovative modeling and simulations, challenge existing models and offer new insights into the physics of these extreme conditions.
Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have developed a technique to prevent unwanted waves that siphon off needed energy, increasing the efficiency of fusion reactions. Positioning a metal grate at a slight angle enhances heat put into the plasma and reduces slow modes, leading to more powerful and efficient fusion heating.
A new simulation method has been introduced to investigate the Earth's core, revealing significant effects of magnetism on material properties. The approach combines molecular dynamics and spin dynamics, using machine learning to determine force fields with high precision.
Researchers successfully accelerated high-quality beams of electrons to over 10 billion electronvolts in 30 centimeters, producing a 'dark current-free' beam without wasting energy. The dual-laser system and advanced gas injector system enabled this record-breaking acceleration, marking a major step forward in laser-plasma acceleration.
Brian Leard, a PhD student at Lehigh University, has been awarded a prestigious DOE grant to conduct research at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility. He aims to develop simulation codes that can optimize actuator operation and improve the accuracy of plasma physics predictions.
A team led by Sayak Bose has made significant progress in understanding the underlying heating mechanism of coronal holes. They found that reflected plasma waves can cause turbulence and heat coronal holes, providing the first experimental verification of Alfvén wave reflection.
The SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak (SMART) is a compact spherical tokamak that benefits from PPPL computer codes and expertise in magnetics and sensor systems. Negative triangularity is expected to offer enhanced performance by suppressing instabilities and preventing damage to the tokamak wall.
Scientists have discovered how the Sun's supersonic solar wind receives energy, thanks to a lucky alignment of NASA and ESA spacecraft. The fastest solar winds are powered by magnetic switchbacks, which deposit enough energy to account for heating and acceleration in the solar wind.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf have developed a novel method to measure the structure of microbunched plasma-wakefield-accelerated electron beams using metal foil. This technique enables precise control over the electron bunches, leading to brighter and more stable light in free-electron lasers.
Researchers from Shinshu University developed a novel method to produce optical materials by using plasma etching on pencil lead, enabling structural colors and invisible characters. The technique could pave the way for sustainable optical materials with tailored reflectance spectra.
Scientists at PPPL envision a hot region with flowing liquid metal that protects the inside of the tokamak from intense heat. The new simulations reflect additional information, including collisions between neutral particles, and determine the best location for the lithium vapor cave is near the bottom of the tokamak by the center stack.
Scientists at Lehigh University are using mayonnaise to study Rayleigh-Taylor instability and its transition to a plastic regime. The researchers aim to better understand the physics of nuclear fusion through this unconventional approach.
Researchers at Lehigh University use mayonnaise to simulate the phases of Rayleigh-Taylor instability in nuclear fusion, which could inform the design of future inertial confinement fusion processes. The team found that understanding the transition between elastic and stable plastic phases is critical for controlling the instability.
Scientists at DOE's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Kyushu University in Japan have proposed a design for a compact, spherical fusion pilot plant that heats plasma using only microwaves. The new approach eliminates ohmic heating, freeing up space and potentially making the vessel cheaper to build.
Researchers have successfully synthesized high-purity polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate using a novel method involving remote spark discharge treatment. This approach uses Tesla coil-generated monomer radicals as polymerization initiators, enabling external spark discharge treatment without a counter electrode.
The TIFR team developed a method to measure the temporal shape of ultrashort laser pulses using spectral interferometry, enabling precise measurement of pulse profiles at different points across the beam. This breakthrough is essential for handling increasingly powerful lasers that emit pulses and can distort optical components.
Researchers studied Alzheimer disease blood biomarkers and found a strong association with incident all-cause dementia risk. Biomarker levels increased with age and were linked to dementia starting in midlife.
Researchers found that combining plasma p-tau217 and Aβ42/40 levels could predict early brain Aβ accumulation in people with subthreshold Aβ accumulation. These biomarkers may help screen participants for primary prevention trials.
Researchers studied jet energy loss in nucleus-nucleus collisions, revealing a decrease in the jet transport coefficient with increasing medium temperature. This discovery provides a more accurate understanding of jet quenching in high-energy collisions.
The ELI ALPS facility provides state-of-the-art tools for studying ultrafast phenomena. The plasma and gas-based high-repetition-rate attosecond XUV beamlines at ELI ALPS enable researchers to advance multidisciplinary research in ultrafast phenomenon with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.