Articles tagged with Solids
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers developed a new machine-learning method to understand force chains in jammed granular solids. The graph neural network approach can predict the position of force chains with high accuracy, even for complex systems and varying conditions.
A team of researchers from Ritsumeikan University in Japan has elucidated the mechanism behind the liquid-solid phase transition of FUS protein that leads to ALS. They discovered a new therapeutic target, arginine, which suppresses FUS aggregation and could delay ALS progression.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science create a metal–organic framework-based magnesium ion conductor showing superionic conductivity at room temperature, overcoming the limitations of magnesium ion-based energy devices. The novel Mg2+ electrolyte exhibits a high conductivity of 10−3 S cm−1, making it suitable for battery applica...
Researchers at Ural Federal University developed a mathematical model explaining anomalous behavior in melts, which can lead to creating materials with specific properties. The model accounts for nucleation and crystal growth, reducing supercooling and narrowing the two-phase layer.
A 5-tiered CT scoring algorithm, including mass-to-cortex corticomedullary attenuation ratio and heterogeneity score, showed substantial inter-observer agreement and moderate diagnostic accuracy for clear-cell RCC. The algorithm may represent a clinically useful tool for diagnosis in small solid renal masses.
Indiana University researchers have discovered the world's brightest-known fluorescent solid materials, called SMILES, which can transform liquid materials into stable crystalline solids with unprecedented brightness. The grant will help advance research on SMILES to improve existing technologies and create new ones.
Ohio University researchers have discovered a new carbon solid called amorphous graphite, which can be formed from coal at high temperatures. The material has layers of pentagons and hexagons, reducing its electrical conductivity compared to graphene.
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have developed an innovative carbon capture system that removes CO2 directly from the atmosphere with unprecedented performance. The isophorone diamine-based system achieves 99% efficiency and can process low concentrations of CO2 in air at a rate twice as fast as existing systems.
Kaiser Permanente researchers present 10 studies on improving cancer care delivery, including strategies to reduce hospitalizations and mortality among older patients. The studies also explore the use of real-world data versus clinical trials in cancer treatment.
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University found that falling beds of sand and melting gelatin exhibit similar destabilization behavior, characterized by fingering instabilities and fluidized interface regions. This study provides insights into the macroscopic physical behavior of granular materials and gels under gravity.
Researchers at the University of Bath have developed a new coating method for soft robots that allows them to change shape and movement through human-controlled activity. This breakthrough in active matter could lead to the creation of machines governed by individual units that cooperate to determine movement and function.
Researchers have created a new rubber-like solid substance with surprising qualities: it can absorb and release large quantities of energy. The material is programmable, thanks to its use of tiny magnets embedded in an elastic substance, enabling predictable phase transitions.
Researchers propose that water molecules interact with electrons in the nanotube walls, slowing down flow. Theoretical findings could significantly impact proposed carbon nanotube applications, such as filtering salt from seawater or generating energy.
The Li Faxin Research Group at Peking University has developed the world's first dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) suitable for hard materials. This instrument measures Young's modulus, shear modulus, and internal friction under variable temperature conditions, offering accurate and quick analysis of material properties.
Scientists discover a promising approach to creating solid materials for photon upconversion, which can transform wasted long-wavelength light into more useful shorter wavelength light. The new van der Waals crystal solution exhibits outstanding performance and efficiency, enabling the development of novel photonic technologies.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have successfully generated a two-dimensional supersolid quantum gas, a phenomenon previously observed only in one dimension. This breakthrough enables the study of vortices forming in the hole between droplets, furthering our understanding of superfluidity and its properties.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have discovered that a commonly studied perovskite can superfluoresce at practical temperatures and timescales, indicating this characteristic may be widespread in the class of materials. This phenomenon could prove useful for quantum computing applications.
International collaboration identifies four correlated metals in two-orbital systems, including a Hund's metal that can give rise to superconductivity. The discovery overturns conventional wisdom and opens up new avenues for understanding strongly correlated materials.
Scientists at Weizmann Institute of Science and MIT measure electronic entropy in twisted bilayer graphene, revealing giant magnetic entropy. The discovery provides an electronic analogue to the Pomeranchuk effect, where a material can exhibit unusual phase transitions.
Researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology and University Paris-Saclay found a five-phase equilibrium in mixtures, breaking the Gibbs phase rule. The discovery provides useful insights for industries working with complex mixtures.
Researchers develop a new class of materials that can seamlessly transfer a compound's bright fluorescence to a solid state, overcoming a long-standing barrier. The breakthrough has potential applications in solar energy harvesting, bioimaging, and lasers.
Scientists have found a way to measure the quantum distance of Bloch states in solids by applying a magnetic field, enabling the detection of anomalous Landau level spreading. This discovery reveals that the quantum metric plays a crucial role in determining material properties.
A new method uses phased ultrasound to levitate and manipulate objects in living bodies, including solid glass spheres. Researchers believe this technology could be used to guide the clearance of kidney stones or manipulate an ingestible camera.
A new study by Waseda University researchers found that orbital ordering in a vanadate compound exhibits a clear nucleation-growth behavior. The team discovered two soft phases similar to vapor and water, with surface tension between the phases, a phenomenon never observed before in electron-based phase transitions.
Engineers at the University of Missouri have developed a flexible material that can help buildings withstand multiple waves of energy in earthquakes. The material, which can stretch and form to a particular surface, protects against both longitudinal and shear energy waves.
The new method makes it possible to create significantly more accurate fuel models for nuclear power plants. The researchers used atomistic models of the material comprising hundreds of thousands of atoms and supercomputers to calculate their trajectories over hundreds of millions or even billions of integration steps.
Researchers at NIMS developed a solid material that slowly releases hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO), which can induce physiologically favorable effects. This material will facilitate the medical use of these gases, overcoming storage and concentration difficulties.
Scientists have discovered a new type of 3D chirality that exhibits unique macroscopic properties, including fluorescence and strong optical rotation. The discovery was made possible through the use of advanced synthesis techniques, including double cross-couplings and retro-synthetic analysis.
Researchers investigate electron behavior in disordered materials, finding a connection to soft matter particles. The study reveals the Griffiths phase, an electronic analog, in Mott-transition systems, bridging condensed matter and soft matter physics.
A collaborative research effort has identified key amino acid sequences responsible for liquid-liquid phase separation in proteins. The study's findings reveal that spacers play a crucial role in diluting the interaction strength of sticky amino acids, allowing proteins to condense into liquids.
The study reveals an intricate universe of nanoscale rods, sheets and spirals that form spontaneously in eutectic solidification. This discovery could lead to the creation of lightweight alloys and optical products with superior properties.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have created a solid polymer-based electrolyte that can self-heal after damage and be recycled without harsh chemicals or high temperatures. The new material has potential as an effective battery electrolyte, but more work is needed to make it comparable to existing batteries.
Large light silicon isotope enrichments suggest rapid solid formation during local temperature fluctuations within the disk. The discovery challenges conventional understanding of planetary disk evolution and formation of first solids.
Scientists have found a new stable form of plutonium with an unexpected pentavalent oxidation state, which may be crucial for improving the safety of radioactive waste storage. The discovery was made using advanced synchrotron X-ray methods and has significant implications for long-term nuclear waste management.
Researchers from SISSA and UC Davis develop a new methodology that bridges different approaches for crystals and glasses, enabling predictive modelling of heat transport in complex disordered materials. This breakthrough empowers scientists to understand and design heat transport for various applications.
A study in northern China suggests replacing solid fuels with electricity or natural gas can substantially reduce air pollution emissions and wintertime indoor particulate matter concentrations. Successful replacement of 60% or more households could lead to significant health benefits, lowering PM levels from 209 μg/m3 to 125 μg/m3.
A study investigates the dynamics of bubble pinch-off in highly confined capillary tubes, revealing two distinct stages of neck contraction with varying dependence on time. The results suggest that the first stage is driven by contact line movement, erasing system memory and leading to universal dynamics.
Researchers from Kanazawa University have discovered a novel system where a liquid-solid transition is driven by guest vapor, exhibiting selectivity for alkane vapors. This unique property enables the development of new vapor detection systems and adhesion materials.
A study by KU Leuven reveals that red giants lose less mass than previously thought, as their stellar winds are affected by an overlooked partner star. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption of high mass loss rates for these stars.
Theoretical physicists at Linköping University developed a computational method to calculate the transition from one phase to another in dynamically disordered solid materials. This enables the development of eco-friendly materials for solar cells, batteries and fuel cells.
A new 3D printer uses light to transform gooey liquids into complex solid objects in a matter of minutes, smoother and more flexible than traditional printers. The technology has the potential to mass-customize products, including prosthetics and eyeglass lenses.
Researchers have developed a new 3D printing method that allows for the rapid rendering of complex objects by rotating photosensitive material in an evolving light field. This approach enables printing times of under two minutes and has potential applications in fields such as patient-specific medical devices, optics, and aerospace.
Researchers at Kiel University have discovered a new effect where energetic plasma ions can excite electrons in solids, leading to the formation of so-called doublons. This effect has potential applications in nanoelectronics and optical lattices.
Scientists developed a unique organic fluorophore that changes its emission color in response to external stimuli. The dye exhibits two-color behavior, emitting green and orange light depending on its solid-state morphologies.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered that mixing yield stress materials creates distinct regions of mix and non-mix, providing a fundamental understanding of designing mixing protocols. The study's findings have implications for industries such as pharmaceuticals and concrete manufacturing.
Chad Mirkin and Lei Jiang are honored with the fifth Nano Research Award for their groundbreaking work in nanoscience and technology. The award recognizes their significant contributions to the field, including Mirkin's development of dip-pen nanolithography and Jiang's research on intelligent materials and devices.
Research reveals that advanced treatment technologies on dairy farms do not fully remove antibiotics from manure, leaving behind concerning levels of antibiotic residues. Composting and multistep processes may help reduce these levels, according to lead researcher Diana Aga.
Researchers have made significant strides in understanding how atoms rearrange at different temperatures during the glass transition process. The team found that the time it takes for atoms to lock into place varies widely, with some regions 'sticking' first and holding on to their neighbors for a long time.
A team of University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers has discovered new materials that could enable solid oxide fuel cells to operate at lower temperatures, increasing efficiency and reducing costs. The researchers used quantum mechanics-based computational techniques to screen over 2,000 candidate materials, yielding a list of 52 poten...
A team of scientists reports a Verwey-type charge ordering transition in Cs4O6, where molecular O2- entities form well-defined singly charged superoxide and doubly charged peroxide anions. The study sheds light on the mechanism of Verwey-type charge ordering phenomena in mixed-valence compounds.
UCSB mechanical engineer Daniel Gianola and colleagues use machine learning to predict material failure based on a new concept of softness. By analyzing disordered materials, they found that the size of correlated softness is identical to the number of particles in motion during failure.
Penn researchers discovered a universal signature, called softness, which predicts the location of defects in disordered systems. This finding enables the prediction of material failure and has implications for designing shatter-resistant glasses and predicting geological phenomena.
Researchers at UCSB have successfully measured Berry curvature in solid matter for the first time using a unique laser experiment. This breakthrough has significant implications for designing new materials with optimized Berry curvature for applications in electronic and optical devices.
Researchers have successfully modelled electrons under extreme temperatures and densities, providing new insights into fusion experiments and potentially leading to a clean source of energy. The study solves a decades-old problem in physics by accurately simulating the thermodynamic properties of interacting electrons.
Physicists observe that electrons emitted from different initial states in a solid material arrive at the surface last, contrary to intuition. Theoretical models are revised to account for intra-atomic interactions, which affect electron motion and lead to a new understanding of photoemission.
Scientists from India develop a simple strategy to recover spilt oil by tightly binding it to a porous matrix, allowing for easy scooping and recycling. The cellulose-based system effectively absorbs oil without sucking in water, making it an environmentally friendly solution.
Researchers successfully demonstrate metallic properties in hydrogen at pressures between 465-495 GPa and 5.5 Kelvin. The discovery has potential implications for high-temperature superconductivity and energy production.
The study discovered that microstructure has a significant effect on suspension behavior under compression, with cellulose fibers showing more uniform solid fraction than nylon fibers. The two-phase model predicts the evolution of solid fraction and its relation to fiber and fluid phases.
Researchers developed a theory that combines vibrations in solid materials and liquid solidification, predicting sound waves formed when compression relaxes. Fast solidification creates large defects, resulting in a 'crackling' sound wave.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have discovered a new phase of solid carbon, called Q-carbon, which has unusual characteristics such as ferromagnetism. They have developed a technique for creating diamond-related structures at room temperature and ambient atmospheric pressure using Q-carbon.