Articles tagged with Ultraviolet Radiation
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A team of researchers has discovered a very distant galaxy that contains a large amount of dust, changing astronomers' previous calculations of how quickly the dust was formed. The discovery suggests that galaxies were enriched with dust particles containing elements such as carbon and oxygen, which could form planets.
UV radiation damages skin cells' DNA, even when sun is no longer present, according to a study published in Science. Melanin offers both protection and harm to skin cells.
The new material increases sensitivity and allows early detection of small particles in rapidly burning fires. Applications include specialist sensors for fire and gas detection, air pollution monitoring, and personal electronic devices.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have synthesized a new material that efficiently converts mid-IR light into oscillating electrons, enabling applications in high-speed computing, solar energy, and biomedical devices.
Astronomers successfully observed a 'fast radio burst', a brief flash of radio waves, in real-time using the Parkes telescope. The event was detected up to 5.5 billion light years away and suggested the presence of a magnetic field nearby.
University of Pittsburgh researchers Matthew Koski and Tia-Lynn Ashman proved that Gloger's rule exists among flowers, where larger bull's-eye centers are associated with higher levels of ultraviolet light near the equator. This finding expands our understanding of biological responses to global climate change.
Astronomers have developed a comprehensive picture of Eta Carinae, including Hubble Space Telescope images showing ionized gas racing away from the star at high speeds. New 3-D models reveal features of the stars' interactions, including spine-like protrusions in the gas flow along the edges of a spiral cavity.
Pilots flying at 30,000 feet receive the same amount of UV-A radiation as a 20-minute tanning bed session, increasing melanoma risk. Authors recommend sunscreen use and periodic skin checks for pilots and cabin crew.
A UBC research team has found a genetic link that can prevent sun-induced skin aging by blocking the activity of Granzyme B, an enzyme that breaks down collagen. The breakthrough could lead to new treatments for various conditions, including heart attacks and lung diseases.
Nonfatal indoor tanning-related injuries treated in US hospitals averaged 3,234 annually between 2003-2012. Most common types were skin burns, syncope, and eye injuries.
In a breakthrough study, researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a technique to activate biomaterials containing peptide signaling molecules using ultraviolet light. By designing molecular 'hats' that shield the peptides from recognition by cells, they can deliver drugs or particles with their signal in the 'off' ...
Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health are unraveling the mystery of how blue light from artificial lighting and electronic devices disrupts the human body's natural circadian rhythms. The study aims to understand the chemical basis for this disruption, which can lead to health problems such as sleep disorders, cancer ...
Researchers have created novel rewritable paper based on color switching property of commercial chemicals, allowing for up to 20 erasures without significant loss in contrast or resolution. The paper has potential applications in meeting increasing global needs for sustainability and environmental conservation.
Using supermassive black holes to measure cosmic distances provides precise distance measurements, removing uncertainty in calculating their mass. The new method shows that supermassive black holes are 40% heavier than previously estimated, fundamentally changing determinations of black hole masses.
Researchers at NTU Singapore have developed a novel biomarker that can detect tumour cells and release anti-cancer drugs, opening up new doors in nanomedicine, bioimaging, and cancer therapeutics. The biomarker uses near-infrared light to penetrate deep tissue without causing damage to healthy cells.
A new study reveals that environmental bleaching events caused by rising sea temperatures are impairing long-term coral reproduction. Even corals that didn't bleach are experiencing reduced fertility, which can persist for three additional years after the initial bleaching event.
Researchers from the University of Southampton have developed a new technique, Ultrafast photomodulation spectroscopy (UPMS), to help produce more reliable and robust next-generation photonic chips. This method uses ultraviolet laser pulses to change the refractive index of silicon in a tiny area on the chip.
Researchers at UC San Diego invented a new method of lithography using self-propelled nanorobots to create complex surface patterns on devices. The technology provides a framework for autonomous writing of nanopatterns at a fraction of the cost and difficulty of current state-of-the-art methods.
Researchers discovered that certain peptides undergo a triplet state when exposed to UV light, leading to greater damage than fragmentation. This finding may help develop better UV protection mechanisms.
Astronomers have combined traditional method with reverse engineering to improve accuracy in measuring distant galaxies. They calculated a robust distance measurement using near-infrared and visible-light photos, estimating a redshift of 10 for the galaxy.
Berkeley Lab researchers used trARPES to measure the ultrafast response of electron self-energy to photo-excitation in a high-temperature superconductor. The results show a link between electron-boson coupling and superconductivity.
Scientists use NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory to study a gigantic filament on the sun, which can last for days or weeks. The filament is 1 million miles wide and appears in different temperatures and wavelengths of extreme UV light.
Researchers discovered that skin pigment eumelanin converts harmful UV radiation into heat through a rapid chemical reaction. This process has almost 100% efficiency and prevents UV energy from causing harm, making the body more resistant to sun damage.
Scientists replicated the structure of compound eyes to create miniature devices that emit light uniformly in all directions. The findings have potential applications for extremely wide field-of-view detectors, enabling new technologies.
A new study suggests that spending time outdoors may contribute to the development of exfoliation syndrome in the eyes. The research found a link between UV radiation and the condition, with people living at higher latitudes and spending more time outside having a greater risk of developing XFS.
Researchers from UCL and collaborators aim to determine whether numerous small galaxies or rare quasars produce more ultraviolet light. A forthcoming survey will analyze detailed measurements of a million distant quasars to map the neutral hydrogen gas in the universe, revealing its history.
Researchers develop theoretical framework to generate coherent radiations in the water window range, enabling high-contrast imaging of biological samples. The study extends previous work on hydrogen and applies it to argon atoms, paving the way for improved spectroscopy techniques.
Researchers at NIST have created hydrogen-treated optical fibers that can transmit stable, high-power ultraviolet laser light for hundreds of hours. The fibers were infused with hydrogen gas and cured with ultraviolet light to reduce errors in logic operations in quantum computing experiments.
The Planck Telescope's most detailed map of the cosmic microwave background contains features that challenge the standard model of cosmology. By processing the data differently and including other effects, scientists have found that several anomalies disappear, but others may still persist.
Researchers at MIT have found a way to control graphene's electrical conductivity using extremely short light pulses. By modulating electron concentration, they can alter graphene's photoconductive properties from semiconductor-like to metallike behavior.
A team of researchers at Montana State University published a paper on how DNA responds to ultraviolet light, revealing its super-fast mechanism to resist damage. The findings advance our understanding of the genetic code's resistance to UV rays, which can lead to skin cancer and aging.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab and Intel have developed a new kind of resist that combines the best properties of two existing types, offering improved light sensitivity and mechanical stability. The breakthrough could lead to the creation of even smaller microprocessors with increased computation and energy efficiency.
A team of researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute and Aarhus University discovered that cosmic dust grains can form through shock interaction during a supernova explosion. The grains can grow to sizes large enough to survive the violent shockwaves, providing insight into their origin.
A recent study finds a 400% discrepancy between expected and observed ultraviolet light in the cosmic budget, with implications for our understanding of dark matter. Scientists are working to shed light on the mystery, which may be explained by exotic new sources or decaying dark matter.
Researchers recorded record-breaking solar ultraviolet radiation in the Bolivian Andes, significantly higher than normal levels. This extreme radiation is comparable to those found on early Mars and poses a threat to local ecosystems.
Researchers at Georgia Tech and UC San Diego found that tiny galaxies contributed nearly 30% of UV light during reionization, marking a significant shift from previous focus on larger galaxies. Simulations show that small galaxies' high abundance and lower gas density allowed for more UV light to escape, illuminating the early universe.
A new study reveals that tiny galaxies over 13 billion years ago contributed nearly 30 percent of UV light during reionization. These small galaxies formed stars and released UV light, which helped strip interstellar hydrogen of electrons.
Researchers have developed a new type of optical fiber that can guide UV laser light without being damaged. The fiber has a hollow core with a diameter of 20 µm, which allows for single-mode transmission and reduces loss. This breakthrough enables new applications in precision spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and process plasmas.
A new type of infrared photodetector has been proposed, featuring a nanoporous ZnO/n-Si structure that exhibits a double peak in transient photovoltage decay under near-infrared pulsed light irradiation. The device's photoresponse is highly sensitive to slight changes in laser pulse energy.
Researchers question long-held theory that Northern Europeans developed light skin for vitamin D production. Instead, genetic mutations compromising the skin's barrier function enabled survival at higher latitudes. High rates of filaggrin mutations in Northern European populations correlate with increased vitamin D levels.
Researchers found that monarchs employ a light-dependent, inclination magnetic compass system for navigation similar to larger-brained migratory vertebrates like birds and sea turtles. The study suggests the compass serves as an important backup system when daylight cues are unavailable.
Researchers used X-ray lasers to observe how thymine, a DNA building block, protects itself from UV damage. The experiment revealed a
Chronic UV radiation stimulates endorphin production, causing physical dependence and addiction-like behavior in mice. This finding could explain why people have an instinctive desire for sunlight despite its health risks. Researchers suggest that a conscious effort to limit sun exposure is needed to mitigate skin cancer risk.
A study found that UV-induced beta-endorphin production causes addiction-like symptoms in mice, including withdrawal symptoms when blocked. The researchers suggest that reducing skin cancer risk may require confronting factors influencing hazardous behavior.
Researchers used ALMA to detect molecular gas in two galaxies rocked by gamma ray bursts, finding it concentrated towards the galaxy centers. The gas was scarce near the explosions, which occurred in dusty environments with little gas present, suggesting intense star formation before the GRBs.
University of Michigan researchers have developed a polariton laser that can emit coherent light, works at room temperature, and requires significantly less power. The device is the most real-world ready of its kind and has potential applications in medical devices, treatments, and more.
Researchers at NUS have successfully demonstrated a 'photosalient effect' driven by photochemical reactions in solids, converting light into mechanical motion. This phenomenon has potential applications in harnessing solar energy to power light-driven actuators and mechanical devices.
Researchers have developed a new, non-destructive method to detect white-nose syndrome in bats by using ultraviolet light. The technique, which involves shining long-wave UV light at bat wings, produces a distinctive orange-yellow fluorescence that corresponds with microscopic skin lesions characteristic of the disease.
Eumelanin, the primary pigment in human skin, hair, and eyes, has been found to absorb a broad spectrum of sunlight due to its unique physical arrangement. Researchers have identified that disorder in the material's structure plays a crucial role in its broadband blocking ability.
A sunburn risk monitor, Smartsun, is now available for purchase online. The device, worn as a waterproof wristband, changes color in response to UV radiation levels, warning users of potential skin damage.
Recent NASA studies found that spore-forming bacteria like Bacillus pumilus can survive in space for up to 18 months, surviving harsh conditions including UV radiation and extreme temperatures. These hardy organisms may be able to carry life between planets via lithopanspermia.
Researchers tested 17 light units from 16 salons to assess the risk of cancer from UV nail salon lamps. The study found that higher-wattage lights emitted more UV-A radiation, but brief exposure after a manicure required multiple visits for potential DNA damage.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed a new Germanium-based photo initiator that hardens dental fillings faster. This innovation increases the hardening depth from 2 mm to 4 mm, making dental treatment more efficient.
Scientists at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have developed a new tool to investigate the chemistry of nature using ultrashort laser pulses. The tool allows for insights into electronic and structural dynamics of molecules and molecular complexes, revealing mechanisms of molecular processes on subpicosecond timescales.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison develop a dual-catalyst technique using sunlight to control the 'handedness' of product molecules, overcoming UV's limitations. This breakthrough enables easier synthesis of complex chemicals with well-defined chirality.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh discovered a malfunction in the molecular 'proofreading' machinery that repairs DNA damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. The protein UV-DDB makes stops along the DNA strand and transiently attaches to it, causing a proofreading change in its conformation, preventing repair in damaged areas.
Researchers found that different LED light sources render white differently, affecting product appearance. Participants struggled to distinguish between cards under blue-pumped LEDs, highlighting the need for spectrum engineering to accurately render whiteness.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have found that indoor rabbits can develop a vitamin D deficiency due to lack of UVB radiation exposure. This deficiency can lead to various health problems, including dental issues and weakened immune systems.
Topological insulators exhibit metallic conducting states at their surface, with electron spin playing a crucial role. Researchers have discovered that light can systematically manipulate the spin of electrons in these materials, opening up new possibilities for optospintronic devices.
Scientists create peptide mimetic that can be controlled by light, increasing antimicrobial effect and reducing side effects. The development opens new options for treating local bacterial infections and may lead to new agents against cancer.