Articles tagged with Voltage
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists assessed the state of space weather research, including geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) that can disrupt power systems, railroads, and pipelines. GICs can cause temporary blackouts and mis-operation of railway signaling systems.
Researchers at UNIST created a three-dimensional tactile sensor that detects wide pressure ranges from human body weight to finger touch. The novel method uses foldable substrates and air-dielectric layers, enabling simultaneous detection of position and intensity of pressure.
A new study published in Scientific Reports reveals that laser energy deposited into plasma produces two low-energy but high-charge electron beams and a single high-energy beam. The beams can have thousands of times more charge than the high-energy beam, offering a novel source of charged particle beams.
Researchers discovered a new, eco-friendly thermoelectric material made from calcium, cobalt, and terbium that can generate electricity through temperature differences. The material has the potential to power implantable medical devices, charge mobile devices, and even reuse waste heat in power plants.
Researchers from Rice University's Laboratory for Nanophotonics create electrochromic glass that can change color at low voltages and has a multicolor palette. The glass uses perylene molecules and can produce different colors depending on the applied voltage.
Researchers have developed a transparent heating pad with embedded conductive silver nanowires that allows users to see through it and monitor their skin's color. The device is flexible, biocompatible, and can heat quickly when applied with a coin-cell battery, making it a potential solution to prevent burns from thermotherapy.
Researchers at MIT have designed a power converter that maintains efficiency across a wide range of current levels, reducing resting power consumption by 50%. The converter uses a variable clock and advanced control circuitry to accommodate high-power transmissions, enabling new possibilities for energy-harvesting devices.
Scientists used a new spectroscopic platform to study graphene's electronic properties, revealing a unique energy structure with two cones resembling a sandglass. This discovery could promote future research on stable quantum measurements for new 2D electronics.
Researchers at NaMLab have demonstrated the world's first germanium transistor that can switch between electron and hole conduction, enabling lower power consumption and reduced transistor count. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient digital electronics, with potential applications in areas like energy storage and computing.
Researchers developed a new blue-phase liquid crystal that can enable televisions and computer screens to pack more pixels into the same space while reducing power consumption. The material can achieve a resolution density of up to 1500 pixels per inch, which triples the sharpness of today's TVs.
Sandia National Laboratories has received a $2.5 million award to develop open-source algorithms for managing power systems with increasing numbers of distributed energy resources, such as wind and solar. The project aims to optimize distributed energy resources and improve grid resilience.
Researchers created a high-speed terahertz modulator that operates at room temperature and low voltages, exceeding 14 gigahertz modulation cutoff frequency. The device has the potential to work above 1 THz, filling the 'THz gap' in wireless device development.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have discovered the precise atomic structure giving rise to negative differential resistance. This breakthrough enables practical applications in everyday electronics like phones and computers, promising faster, cheaper, and smaller devices.
Researchers have developed a method to measure temperature and voltage in systems far from equilibrium, which could lead to the creation of more efficient microelectronic devices. This breakthrough has significant implications for advancing technology, particularly in the development of smaller, faster electronic components.
Researchers have developed a new battery test cell allowing them to investigate anionic and cationic reactions separately. This innovation could lead to the creation of high-voltage lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density, reducing the need for multiple charging cycles and minimizing gas formation.
Researchers have developed a catalyst that accelerates sodium-air reactions in seawater batteries, achieving an average discharge voltage of 2.7 volts over 100 cycles.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a new method to scale down the size of silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), achieving significant energy savings through reduced ON resistance. By reducing mesa width, gate length, and oxide thickness, they increased the injection enhancement effect and decrease...
A KAUST research team created integrated microsupercapacitors with three-dimensional porous electrodes, achieving high energy density of 200 microwatt-hours per square centimeter. The devices outperform state-of-the-art microsupercapacitors and thin film batteries, offering promising applications for self-powered sensors and IoT systems.
A team of researchers at the University of Michigan created a window in a battery to study dendrites, which cause fires in next-generation lithium metal batteries. They observed that small dendrites can be stable and even help prolong battery life, but large ones can reduce performance and raise safety concerns.
A new system has been developed at MIT that allows glass to rapidly switch from transparent to dark, and vice versa, using electrochromic materials. This technology has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption by blocking sunlight on hot days.
Researchers at Iowa State University have created a quick-destructing battery that can power devices for up to 15 minutes before self-destruction. The battery's unique polymer casing breaks apart in water, dissolving or dissipating the components within 30 minutes.
A new MIT system can identify how much power is being used by each device in a household, providing users with detailed information to make informed energy investments. The system, which samples data quickly and uses self-calibrating sensors, can detect specific appliances and their usage patterns.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz discovered a direct correlation between temperature-dependent generation of spin currents and atomic composition of interfaces. The study's findings contribute to the development of magnon spintronics, enabling efficient energy transport in magnetic materials.
A new study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that all e-cigarettes emit toxic compounds, with factors like temperature affecting emission levels. The study identified two additional carcinogens not previously reported in e-cigarette vapor.
Researchers at Tohoku University have discovered that gold can be magnetized by applying heat. The non-equilibrium anomalous Hall effect (nAHE) was observed in the gold film due to the heat flow, indicating the evolution of magnetization. This discovery has potential applications in thermoelectric devices and spintronics.
A new battery concept, called nanolithia cathode battery, promises similar theoretical performance as lithium-air batteries while reducing heat waste and improving charging speed. The new design could overcome issues with volume changes and auxiliary components, enabling faster charging and longer lifetimes.
Scientists have discovered a molecular component in plant cells that senses electric voltage, enabling them to respond to threats. This finding has implications for understanding how plants defend against pathogens like Ebola viruses.
A new method to increase the robustness and energy storage capability of lithium-rich cathode materials has been discovered. Researchers found that introducing oxygen vacancies at the surface of the material using a carbon dioxide-based gas mixture improved its performance, particularly in high-energy applications like electric vehicles.
Researchers have created a surface with switchable wetting and adhesion using a single layer of boron nitride. The surface can be made water-repellent or wettable by applying an electrical voltage, opening up potential applications in daily life and space travel.
Researchers developed an electrically switchable nanomesh that alters the contact angle of a drop of liquid, enabling precise control over adhesion and stiction. This breakthrough has potential applications in biology and technology, including controlling cell movement and flow resistance in capillary pumps.
Researchers from RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center create a new type of electricity generator based on the electric organs of torpedoes, achieving peak voltages and currents comparable to conventional systems. The breakthrough could lead to a future high-efficiency power generator that uses ATP directly.
Scientists have developed a new type of graphene-based transistor that enables record low power consumption and high clock speeds. The device uses bilayer graphene, which exhibits a unique electronic structure allowing for efficient tunneling switches.
Researchers studied the electrical conductivity of hydrous silicate minerals under controlled temperature and pressure to understand water distribution in the Earth's interior. The study found that dehydration and pressure effects significantly impact bulk conductivity, with implications for understanding subduction zones.
Tunable windows can change transparency in under a second using geometry and silver nanowires. The technology is simpler and potentially cheaper than existing methods.
A new type of RFID chip is virtually impossible to hack, preventing identity theft and high-tech burglaries. The chip uses ferroelectric crystals to thwart power-glitch attacks and features a bank of capacitors as an on-chip energy source.
Scientists at Ohio State University develop tree-like structures that can convert random forces into strong structural vibrations ideal for generating electricity. The technology may prove valuable in small-scale situations where other renewable energy sources are not an option, powering sensors that monitor infrastructure health.
Researchers from Russia and Italy develop neural network based on polymeric memristors, enabling machine vision and intelligent control systems. The networks can learn and perform logical operations, offering a promising alternative to traditional computing methods.
A new study suggests that governments can easily make subsidies too low when ignoring consumer demand uncertainty, leading to slower adoption of clean technologies. Higher subsidy levels are needed to kick-start sales and meet uncertain demand.
Two MIT researchers have developed a thin-film material that can be switched between metallic and semiconducting properties by applying a small voltage. The discovery could lead to new types of computer memory chips and energy conversion devices.
Thor's advanced design features will allow for tailored pulse shapes and precise control over pressure, enabling researchers to study materials under extreme conditions. The new accelerator is expected to be smaller and more efficient than the world's largest pulsed-power accelerator, Z machine.
Engineers at University of California, Santa Barbara developed a new tunnel field effect transistor that switches at only 0.1 volts and reduces power dissipation by over 90%, overcoming the fundamental limitations of conventional transistors.
Researchers at Rice University develop a new method for building 'drawbridges' between metal nanoparticles, allowing for the creation of full-color displays. The technique involves anchoring pairs of gold nanoparticles to a glass surface and applying a small voltage to create a conductive silver bridge that can be switched on and off.
Cuttlefish use electrical fields to mask their presence from sharks, reducing the bioelectric field by up to 89% when arms are over siphons. This technology is used in combination with visual camouflage to protect against predation.
Researchers have developed a transistor that functions solely on a single molecule, eliminating the need for three electrodes. The switch's state can be altered using a single electron, offering new opportunities for ultra-small switches and increased integration densities.
Researchers at Duke University have created a technique for monitoring neurons in action with a time resolution of about 0.2 milliseconds, allowing for the first holistic view of neural activity in mammalian brains. This breakthrough enables scientists to study how brain activity translates into specific thoughts and behaviors.
A team of researchers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum has developed a method to control the interior of transistors by applying resonators at terahertz frequencies. This allows for manipulation of ultra-thin electron layers, enabling new applications in sensors and chemical technology.
Scientists can now observe neurons' electrical activity in real-time using a highly sensitive molecule fused with a fluorescent protein. This breakthrough allows researchers to study brain processing in living animals, offering unprecedented insights into cell-to-cell communication.
PTB researchers have developed a laser-based vector network analyzer (VNA) for precise and cost-effective high-frequency measurements. The new method enables frequency-resolved scattering parameter measurements on planar waveguides up to 500 GHz with a 500 MHz frequency spacing.
Scientists have developed a working laboratory demonstrator of a lithium-oxygen battery with very high energy density, exceeding 90% efficiency, and over 2000 recharges. The breakthrough relies on a highly porous graphene electrode and additives altering chemical reactions for improved stability and efficiency.
A new monolithic tandem solar cell has been developed, combining perovskite and silicon materials to achieve an efficiency of 18%, nearly 20% higher than individual cells. The device's design includes a protective layer and a textured wafer, which could further increase efficiency up to 30%.
Researchers have developed a new method to create an artificial sense of touch through direct brain stimulation, which could lead to the development of advanced prosthetic limbs. The study, led by Sliman Bensmaia, has identified key characteristics of electrical signals that trigger specific sensations in the brain.
Researchers at PTB have successfully measured the thermoelectric properties of a single magnetic domain wall, a breakthrough that opens up new possibilities in spin caloritronics. The study reveals that the presence or absence of the domain wall leads to a measurable change in the thermoelectric voltage generated by the wire.
Researchers at Stanford University have created an artificial skin that can mimic the human sense of touch, detecting pressure and transmitting signals to brain cells. The breakthrough, reported in Science, uses a two-ply plastic construct with sensors that can detect pressure over a range similar to human skin.
Researchers discovered that valence change memory (VCM) cells use both negatively charged oxygen ions and positively charged metal ions for switching characteristics. This finding opens up new options for designing ReRAMs and could lead to improved performance, energy efficiency, and longevity.
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed a new technique for creating low-cost, high-efficiency power converters for embedded systems. The prototypes achieved 95% efficiency and 50-cent component costs, outperforming existing market options.
Researchers have achieved record-high pressure to study osmium, finding that innermost electrons start interacting with each other due to extreme pressure. This phenomenon opens up new possibilities for discovering brand new states of matter.
Scientists at Max Planck Institute for Chemistry and Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz set a new record for superconductivity by observing conventional superconductivity in hydrogen sulfide at -70 degrees Celsius under high pressure. The discovery highlights a potential way to transport current at room temperature with no loss.
Scientists applied over 50 volts across a weak hydrochloric acid drop, causing it to rise into the air above a glowing plasma layer. The effect is similar to Leidenfrost levitation but uses electricity instead of heat.
Researchers at KIT created a 12.5-micrometer-long Mach-Zehnder modulator that converts digital signals into optical signals at speeds of up to 108 gigabits per second, promising a solution for data centers' power consumption and speed limits.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed the world's first aqueous solar flow battery, which achieves a 20% energy savings over traditional lithium-iodine batteries. The new design combines a solar cell and a battery into a single device using a water-based electrolyte and a solid sheet solar panel.