Articles tagged with Voltage
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at CLEO/IQEC Meeting present advancements in electro-optics, lasers and light-based treatments for faster wound healing. Autonomous vehicle technology has made significant progress with futuristic sensors and computing capabilities, promising to revolutionize transportation and warfare.
Researchers discovered europium becomes superconducting under high pressure, expanding the list of elemental superconductors. This breakthrough adds data to theoretical models of superconductivity, potentially leading to room-temperature superconductors.
A new JGP study advances conclusions about the essential features of the Shaker K+ channel. Researchers propose that if three of four voltage sensors are in an activated conformation, the fourth can open and close the channel by itself.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have successfully demonstrated a microwave signal mixer made from a tunnel-junction transistor laser. The device accepts two electrical inputs and produces an optical signal that can be measured at frequencies of up to 22.7 gigahertz.
Researchers have determined the pressure needed to melt diamond, creating a new state of carbon, and potentially aiding nuclear fusion efforts. This discovery could help explain planetary magnetic fields and improve simulations of celestial bodies.
Researchers created a plasma transistor to control plasma conduction current and light emission with an emitter voltage of 5 volts or less, enabling lighter, less expensive, and higher resolution flat-panel displays. The device uses a microcavity plasma containing electrically charged gas, which radiates light depending on the gas inside.
Yale researchers create systems that harness the power of osmosis to harvest freshwater from non-potable sources and generate electricity from low-temperature heat. This innovative approach requires significantly less energy than traditional desalination methods, offering a sustainable solution for increasing global water supply.
A social psychologist replicated Stanley Milgram's famous obedience experiment and found that compliance rates remained largely unchanged, with no difference between men and women. The study suggests that situational factors still operate today, influencing people's willingness to follow authority figures.
Researchers at Purdue University developed a new monolithic comb drive device that can precisely move or sense movement at an atomic scale. The device has twice the dexterity of similar devices and could improve probe-based sensors for detecting viruses and biological molecules.
A new study measures movements smaller than one-billionth of a meter in ion channels, revealing that the voltage sensor moves by only a small amount to allow ion flow. The findings challenge models that predicted large movements of protein segments, providing new insights into the complex process of generating electrical impulses.
Researchers have developed a model to explain the mechanism behind the molecular switch, which could fit more than a trillion switches onto a centimeter-square chip. The model reveals a quantum phase transition that could enable the creation of a new type of switch with promise as a digital electronics foundation.
Researchers measured graphene's properties with unprecedented accuracy, confirming its unusual features and revealing significant departures from theoretical predictions. The results point to novel practical applications in nanoscale electronics.
Researchers at NIST have built a system that measures temperatures with precision, which may help update the definition of the Kelvin. The system uses electrical noise to measure temperatures with accuracy and is simpler than other systems, making it ideal for industrial thermometry labs.
A team of scientists found that intrinsic disorder in relaxor crystals leads to their extreme sensitivity to mechanical pressure or voltage. This property makes them useful for applications such as medical ultrasound imaging, loudspeakers, sonar, and computer hard drives. The research was published in Nature Materials.
Researchers found that electric shocks ranging from 120 to 52,000 volts can cause neurologic and neuropsychological symptoms in humans. Short-term follow-up showed 26% of patients experiencing new symptoms, while one-year follow-up revealed 28% still suffering from these symptoms.
The new chip design can be up to 10 times more energy-efficient than present technology, leading to longer-lasting cell phones, implantable medical devices, and sensors.
An interdisciplinary team of Cornell scientists predicts that lithium and beryllium will bond under higher levels of pressure, forming stable Li-Be alloys that may be capable of superconductivity. The alloy with a 1:1 ratio shows the greatest potential for superconducting applications.
Researchers at Rice University have discovered a surprising new electronic property in magnetite, a well-studied magnetic mineral, by using nanofabrication methods. They were able to get the material to revert from an insulator to a conductor at temperatures colder than minus 250 degrees Fahrenheit.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have created a compact device that can generate terahertz radiation, a non-ionizing form of electromagnetic radiation. This technology has the potential to enhance airport security by detecting hazardous substances and identify certain types of cancers through imaging capabilities.
Researchers have developed a novel device that can trap, detect and manipulate the spin of a single electron, overcoming major obstacles in spintronics and quantum computing. The device uses quantum point contacts to steer electrical current and detect trapped spins.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory discovered a series of pressure-induced structural and electronic transitions in molten sodium, leading to a threefold drop in electrical conductivity. This unexpected behavior challenges traditional expectations of metals under extreme conditions.
A new study reveals that a voltage-sensitive phosphatase, Ci-VSP, converts electrical signals to chemical ones and is activated by depolarization, regulating phosphoinositide levels. This discovery sheds light on common principles of voltage sensing between ion channels and VSP.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology have discovered a phenomenon that allows measurement of mechanical motion in nanostructures using the AC Josephson effect. The technique enables the identification and characterization of structural and mechanical properties of nanoparticles, including those of biological interest.
Researchers have fabricated a novel memory device combining silicon nanowires with traditional SONOS technology, enabling more reliable data storage and easier integration into commercial applications. The device boasts simple read, write, and erase capabilities, high memory retention, and large on/off current ratio.
Researchers have developed small acoustic heat-engine devices that convert waste heat into sound and then into electricity. The technology shows promise for harnessing solar energy and cooling electronics, with plans to test the devices within a year at military radar facilities and universities.
The $20 million VERITAS telescope system, developed by Iowa State researchers, is the northern hemisphere's most sensitive instrument for detecting gamma rays. With improved data resolution, scientists can ask more precise questions about space objects and phenomena, such as supermassive black holes and dark matter.
The study reveals that nanobubbles formed by the collapse of one bubble become new nucleation sites for later bubbles, allowing them to form earlier and at lower temperatures. This discovery may impact technologies such as inkjet printing and thermal cancer therapies.
Researchers at Stanford and Israel's Weizmann Institute of Science built a nanoscale semiconductor system that demonstrates the two-channel Kondo effect. By tuning the coupling between two sets of mobile electrons, they created a state where the magnetic atom cannot decide which set to pair with, leading to a conductance that depends s...
Organic transistors consume less energy than silicon transistors and can be constructed on flexible surfaces. Researchers linked p channel and n channel transistors in complementary circuits to save energy and create flexible electronic components.
Researchers at NIST have created a nanoscale electronic switch that can be turned on and off like a binary switch. The switch works by using silver whiskers to form a short circuit, which is easily detectable. Key benefits include high electrical resistance ratios and simplicity in engineering large arrays of switches.
Researchers developed carbon nanotube films that can stimulate nerve cells without damage, enabling potential use in pain management and muscle control. The technology bridges the gap between biology and electronics, offering new possibilities for biomedical devices.
Researchers at MIT have developed a novel micropump that enables the creation of fully portable 'lab on a chip' devices. This innovation promises to revolutionize biology and chemistry by allowing for rapid and efficient testing in any setting, with potential applications in military use, medical diagnoses, and first responders.
Researchers at NIST have confirmed the presence and action of specific molecules in a nanoscale test structure, enabling magnetic switching behavior. The use of organic molecules preserves electron spins, allowing for potentially superior properties compared to conventional electronics.
The Cornell team created a diode using organic semiconductors with free ions, allowing for efficient light emission and current flow. This technology has the potential to create low-cost, flexible solar cells and displays on cloth or paper.
Scientists at NIST have developed a technique to move a single atom between two positions on a crystal surface using an electron beam. The method improved our understanding of the science behind atomic switching and allows for spatial mapping of the probability of an electron exciting the desired atom motion.
Artificial muscles can create a full range of colors by adjusting the diffraction grating, overcoming limitations of existing displays. The technology uses white LED lights and could lead to consumer products in under eight years.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed a new precision instrument for directly measuring AC voltages, which is expected to improve measurement accuracy by 1,000-fold at low voltages. The instrument uses Josephson junction technology to generate precise AC pulses over a range of audio frequencies.
Scientists create new voltage-sensitive dyes that allow them to image the electrical activity of cells deep within the heart. These dyes provide a more complete picture of normal and abnormal heart rhythms, shedding light on the causes of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Researchers at UC Berkeley developed a method to create nanofibers in a controlled manner, overcoming the chaotic process of conventional electrospinning. By reducing the distance between the ejector and collection points, they achieved directed and precise deposition of fibers with diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nanometers.
Researchers have discovered that the brain uses a code more efficient than previously thought, with analog signals influencing synaptic transmission onto other neurons. This finding has significant implications for our basic understanding of brain operation and neuronal dysfunction.
A team of researchers has created a single-molecule diode that could revolutionize computer chip design. The device is only a few tens of atoms in size and has the potential to replace silicon in computer chips, allowing for more powerful and smaller computers.
Researchers developed a novel capacitor design to measure breakdown voltage in air at the micrometer scale, providing insights into electrical behavior. The device enables accurate measurements of arc formation and can be used to optimize microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and larger electrical systems for automobiles.
When plant tissue is eaten by insects, it causes a decrease in electric voltage, leading to a decrease in the cell's ability to react. The study found that calcium ion concentration in attacked leaves was smaller than in mechanically wounded leaves, potentially reducing the plant's defense.
Researchers have created the first silicon transistors powered by single electrons, opening up potential applications in low-power nanoelectronics and next-generation integrated circuits. The devices feature tunable barriers that allow for finer control over electron flow, enabling flexible on/off switching.
Researchers at Jefferson Medical College provide evidence for the conventional theory of voltage-gated ion channel operation. They used a molecular tape measure with high resolution to show that the field through which the voltage sensor's charges moved is very short, lending support to the conventional model.
A team of researchers at UC Berkeley has successfully created a Bose-Einstein condensate in a magnetic storage ring, containing rubidium atoms at extremely low temperatures. The cold collisions of these slow-moving atoms may reveal new insights into quantum physics.
Nanofluidic transistors, the basis of future chemical processors, have been successfully created by researchers. These devices can control fluid flow without moving parts, enabling applications such as cancer diagnosis and biomolecular sensing.
Researchers have successfully manipulated the spin of an electron using a jolt of voltage, allowing for precise control over the process. The discovery has implications for the development of optoelectronics and quantum cryptography, enabling secure information encoding.
Research reveals that clay layers can affect water and salt transport due to electro-osmosis, a process caused by differences in electrical potential. Katja Heister's study examined the impact of streaming and membrane potentials on water transport through dense clay layers.
A new microbial fuel cell process can produce high yields of hydrogen from biodegradable organic matter in wastewater. This technology uses a small amount of electricity to boost bacterial fermentation, overcoming the 'fermentation barrier' and producing clean hydrogen gas while simultaneously cleaning the wastewater.
Scientists have achieved negative differential resistance in a single molecule attached to electrodes, a breakthrough that could lead to the development of molecular devices. The discovery was made possible by using an electrolyte solution and applying an insulating coating to minimize electrical contact with the surrounding environment.
Researchers found that power lines can achieve near-gigabit per second transmission rates under ideal conditions, making them a potential alternative for broadband internet in rural areas. However, engineering issues such as impedance matching and interference need to be addressed to make this technology economically viable.
Scientists discovered that increasing OPE wire length triggers variable resistance, which can be beneficial for electronic devices. The researchers also found that substituting a methyl hydrocarbon group onto the middle unit significantly increases electron transfer rate.
Researchers at Cornell University have created a tiny oscillator that uses a carbon nanotube to vibrate at radio frequencies, enabling mass sensing and gas detection capabilities. The device is so small that it can potentially weigh individual atoms, offering new possibilities for scientific research and applications.
Engineers have used X-rays to study how atoms rearrange themselves in ferroelectric materials as they switch between electrical pulses. As the material fatigues, progressively larger areas cease working, suggesting that the atoms' switching ability decreases over time.
Researchers have developed a method to transport indium particles along carbon nanotubes using electrical current, enabling high-throughput assembly of nanostructures. This breakthrough could revolutionize the field of nanotechnology by allowing for efficient and precise delivery of atoms.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory developed a method to control the architecture of nanocrystals using electrochemistry. They created nearly 30 different nanostructures by changing applied voltages and chemical types, offering greater predictability and convenience compared to traditional methods.
Researchers have developed smaller and lighter power adapters that can convert AC to DC power for laptops, enabling compact designs. The piezoelectric transformers are suitable for various appliances requiring an AC-DC converter and transformer.
Vanderbilt University researchers find that damped propagating waves, not fully extinguished by low voltage defibrillation shocks, could lead to cardiac arrhythmia. These waves, difficult to detect and study, may be a cause of defibrillation failure.
A recent study found that increasing brushing time and pressure beyond a certain point does not improve plaque removal, but may increase the risk of oral health issues. The researchers emphasize the importance of proper technique and accurate pressure application to avoid harm.