Articles tagged with X Ray Radiation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have demonstrated altermagnetism in RuO₂ thin films, a promising new magnetic material for high-speed, high-density memory devices. The discovery overcomes limitations of conventional ferromagnets and has the potential to enable more energy-efficient information processing.
Researchers investigated the luminescence characteristics of Eu-doped CaF₂ crystals under alpha and X-ray irradiation. They found that the ratio of Eu²⁺-induced emission to Eu³⁺-induced emission varies depending on the radiation type, with differences in light color potentially used to identify radiation types.
Scientists have developed a method to make a juvenile mouse's scalp transparent, allowing them to image the developing connections in a living mouse's brain. This breakthrough enables researchers to study neurodevelopmental disorders and potentially lead to new interventions.
A team of scientists from Colorado State University and the University of São Paulo have developed a seismological solution to improve the resolution of ultrasound images for lung monitoring. This breakthrough could lead to improved critical care for patients, including continuous lung monitoring at the bedside. The technique uses seis...
Researchers developed a novel scheme to generate high-intensity, isolated attosecond soft X-ray FELs using mid-infrared laser pulses and gas-filled hollow capillary fibers. This method produces ultra-short pulses with high signal-to-noise ratio, enabling scientific applications such as probing valence electron motion.
Researchers have uncovered a key mechanism involving Intermolecular Coulombic Decay (ICD) in aqueous environments initiated by heavy-ion irradiation, providing insights into the effectiveness of such irradiation. This process significantly increases the biological effectiveness of heavy-ion therapy.
Researchers at Waseda University develop a new imaging technique that uses neutron activation to transform gold nanoparticles into radioisotopes, enabling long-term tracking of their movement in the body. This breakthrough could lead to more effective cancer treatments and precision monitoring of drug distribution.
SLAC researchers develop a laser-based shaping technique to compress billions of electrons into a length less than one micrometer, producing an electron beam with femtosecond-duration and petawatt peak power. This achievement opens up new discoveries in quantum chemistry, astrophysics, and material science.
The NRL's Mercury Pulsed Power Facility has enabled significant advancements in flash x-ray radiography and nuclear material detection. The facility has been used to develop advanced flash radiography sources and detectors for the Department of Energy and Department of Defense.
Researchers developed an automated analytical method to analyze single atom catalysts, which could lead to more efficient fuel production and sustainable energy. The new tool, called MS-QuantEXAFS, automates the analysis process, reducing time from days to months.
Researchers identified a group of unusual objects emitting long-duration outbursts of X-rays, which may be caused by binary star systems with white dwarfs and subgiant stars. The discovery of millinovae could provide insights into the astrophysics of Type Ia supernovae.
Researchers at European XFEL and DESY develop self-chirping method to produce high-power attosecond hard X-ray pulses without reducing electron bunch charge. This enables non-destructive measurements at the atomic level and opens new avenues for studying matter at the atomic scale.
Shiva Shirani, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Malaga, has won the Innovandi NanoCem PhD Prize 2024 for her research on low-carbon cement alternatives. Her work uses advanced synchrotron imaging techniques to optimize cement micro- and meso-structures.
Researchers have developed a highly sensitive and foldable detector that produces good quality images with smaller dosages of X-rays. The new technology reduces detection limits and paves the way for safer medical imaging and industrial monitoring.
A multi-center phase III trial found photon- and proton-based radiation therapies to be similarly safe and effective in treating low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Patients treated with either IMRT or proton therapy reported no significant differences in quality of life, tumor control, or progression-free survival.
A new study by Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers shows that daily MRI imaging paired with radiation can monitor tumor changes in real-time. The technology has the potential to signal early warning signs of tumor growth, allowing for faster and more targeted treatment adaptations.
Researchers, including WVU astronomer Emmanuel Fonseca, use radio pulsars to detect gravitational waves generated by massive objects. The study will merge data from the Green Bank Telescope and CHIME radio telescope to achieve full coverage of each wave, revealing information about phenomenon and objects in distant galaxies.
Physicists propose a refined way to test the validity of alternative quantum models, which offer a possible explanation for quantum-classical transition. The team found big differences with previous expectations for low-energy X-ray radiation, depending on atomic species and specific collapse model.
Researchers use high-energy synchrotron X-ray to study spatter dynamics during LPBF, revealing links between vapour depression shape and spatter interactions. The study proposes strategies to minimize defects, improving the surface quality of LPBF-manufactured parts.
The study found that chaotic movements in magnetic fields heat plasma and make it radiate, explaining the observed X-ray radiation from accretion disks. The simulation also showed that plasma can exist in two distinct equilibrium states, depending on external radiation field.
Researchers used synchrotron X-ray tomography to image growth rings in fossilized tooth roots, estimating lifespans and growth rates of early mammals. The study found that the modern mammal growth pattern emerged around 130 million years ago, with earlier animals growing more slowly and living longer.
The University of Texas at Arlington has awarded seven Interdisciplinary Research Program (IRP) grants totaling $140,000 to foster collaboration between groups. The grant increase represents a 40% boost over the previous year's funding.
Researchers from the Max Born Institute have developed a method to manipulate magnetism using circularly polarized XUV radiation, generating large magnetization changes without thermal effects. The study demonstrates an effective non-thermal approach to controlling magnetism on ultrafast time scales.
A research team observed partial crystallization of a glass and developed a model explaining the crystal nucleation mechanisms within a glass at different spatial scales. The team used multiscale structural analysis mainly using synchrotron X-rays, revealing nanosized crystal nuclei forming within Zr-rich regions of the glass.
Researchers developed a new technique to view living mammalian cells using ultrafast pulses of illumination from a soft X-ray free electron laser. The microscope captured images of carbon-based structures in living cells with high spatial resolution and a wide field of view, revealing new insights into cellular biology.
Chinese researchers have developed a high-performance perovskite X-ray detector that offers improved spatial resolution, readout speed, and low-dose detection efficiency for medical imaging applications. The new detector uses a thick inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite film printed on a dedicated CMOS pixel array.
Scientists have recorded X-rays being produced at the beginning of upward positive lightning flashes, providing valuable insights into the origins of this rare and dangerous form of lightning. The observations, made possible by a unique setup in Switzerland, support the cold runaway electron model theory of lightning formation.
Researchers use James Webb Space Telescope to observe Supernova 1987A and detect ionised argon and sulphur atoms, providing conclusive evidence for a neutron star's presence. The discovery sheds light on the formation of heavy elements and the nature of compact objects in supernovae.
Researchers use a new technique to isolate energetic electron motion in liquid water, providing a window into electronic structure on an attosecond timescale. This breakthrough resolves long-standing debates about X-ray signals in liquid water and opens up a new field of experimental physics.
The American Dental Association has released updated recommendations to enhance radiography safety in dentistry, emphasizing the appropriate and justified use of dental X-rays. The guidelines also advise against using lead abdominal aprons or thyroid collars, citing evidence that modern digital X-ray equipment and beam restrictions can...
Researchers found that low-dose X-ray irradiation reduced lesion size and reversed motor deficits in TBI and ischemic stroke mice, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic strategy. The treatment also accelerated substantial motor function recovery and promoted brain rewiring after stroke.
Researchers developed an X-ray imaging technique that produces detailed images of living organisms at high resolution while minimizing radiation exposure. This advance enables small organisms to be studied over longer periods, revealing new insights into dynamic processes.
Researchers discovered magnetic field transport in accretion flow and MAD formation near a black hole, resolving long-standing mysteries. The study reveals the first direct observational evidence for a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) through multi-wavelength observations.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan's Integrated Optics Laboratory develop imaging systems that apply terahertz radiation, enabling fast and accurate characterization of biological specimens. This technology holds promise for improving diagnostic imaging and detecting carcinogenesis.
A team of scientists studied the impact of radiation on DNA, revealing that damaged areas are separated by a critical distance before breaking. The study found an exponential increase in DNA breakage time with distance, providing crucial information for effective DNA repair processes.
A team of scientists at DESY has developed a new technique using X-rays to image biological specimens without damaging them. The method, which generates high-resolution images at nanometre resolution, could be used for applications such as imaging whole unsectioned cells or tracking nanoparticles within a cell.
Researchers at Florida State University have developed organic-inorganic hybrid materials that can improve image quality in X-ray machines, CT scans, and other radiation detection technologies. The new materials emit light within nanoseconds, allowing for better imaging and higher resolution and contrast in images.
A new study from NASA's Chandra program reveals that exploded stars can pose a significant risk to nearby planets due to intense X-ray radiation, potentially altering atmospheric chemistry and causing mass extinctions.
A team of researchers has developed a swallowable X-ray dosimeter that can estimate radiation dose in real-time, offering improved accuracy and minimization of damage to healthy tissue during radiotherapy. The capsule-shaped device uses a neural network-based regression model to analyze radioluminescence and temperature.
Researchers argue that current PPE provides inadequate protection to breast tissue, leaving it vulnerable to radiation exposure. Employers should invest in equipment that ensures the safety of all their staff, particularly female healthcare workers.
Researchers found that increasing melanin levels in human skin reduces Cherenkov emission intensity, while blood concentration affects different color channels. The study suggests using multispectral signatures to correct attenuated signals based on patient's blood volume or skin color.
Researchers developed AI models based on UNet and MobileNet architectures to analyze standardized abnormalities in CT images, accurately identifying object presence and confidence. These models achieved an absolute percentage error of less than 5 percent, comparable to human professionals.
A pediatric trauma team at Golisano Children's Hospital significantly reduced unnecessary CT scans, minimizing radiation exposure and healthcare costs. The team's efforts, which included adapting existing guidelines and developing new ones, resulted in a 45% reduction in non-indicated scans.
Scientists at Göttingen University have created a novel approach to produce X-ray images in color from a single exposure, eliminating the need for focusing and scanning. This breakthrough method uses an X-ray color camera and a specially structured plate to capture the intensity pattern of fluorescing atoms in a sample.
Researchers at TU Wien have created a new, simpler method for producing intense, high-energy X-ray pulses using ytterbium lasers and a gas medium. This technique increases the efficiency of X-ray radiation production, allowing for better monitoring of chemical reactions in real-time and more efficient nanostructure production.
KAUST researchers have designed and built novel organic scintillator materials for detecting X-rays at low doses, overcoming stability issues with existing ceramic or perovskite materials. The new approach uses heavy atoms to improve X-ray absorption capability and exciton utilization efficiency.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin discovered that high-energy X-rays can cause damage to bone collagen, even at low irradiation doses. The study used powerful X-ray sources and sensitive detectors to examine the effects on fish and mammalian bone samples.
Researchers have developed a new X-ray technology that visualizes lung tissue microstructure, providing additional information for accurate diagnosis. Dark-field X-ray images can differentiate between diseased and healthy lung tissue, potentially replacing computed tomography (CT) for repeated examinations.
Researchers at USC's Keck School of Medicine are collaborating with Polaris Dawn to develop a novel method for collecting X-rays in outer space. They aim to harness ambient radiation to create images using analog X-ray film, which could improve medical care on long-duration spaceflights.
Researchers at the University of Rochester used x-ray spectroscopy to study radiation transport in dense plasmas. They found that atomic energy level changes do not follow conventional quantum mechanics theories, instead conforming to a self-consistent approach based on density-functional theory.
Researchers at the University of Turku discovered that hackmanite changes color when exposed to nuclear radiation, retaining a memory trace that allows it to be reused. This unique property enables the development of reusable radiochromic films for measuring radiation doses and mapping dose distribution.
Researchers developed a novel three-core optical fiber sensor to accurately measure both the magnitude and direction of spine curvature. The sensor offers advantages like low cost, high sensitivity, and small size, making it a promising tool for doctors to diagnose problems in spine curvature.
The study used synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography (CT) to observe internal nonuniform deformation of a material in several dozens mm. They found that performing deformation evaluations at both macroscale and microscale can provide insights into the vibration damping mechanism of rubber materials.
Scientists at Max Born Institute create novel method to probe magnetic thin film systems, identifying heat injection from platinum layer as cause of magnetization changes. The approach allows femtosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution, paving way for studying ultrafast magnetism and device-relevant geometries.
A team from the Institute for X-ray Physics at the University of Göttingen has developed a new method for X-ray microscopy that uses imperfect lenses to achieve higher image quality and sharpness. The researchers used a lens consisting of finely structured layers deposited on a thin wire and adjusted it between the object to be imaged ...
Researchers developed efficient metal-free polymeric scintillators for high-resolution X-ray imaging, outperforming conventional anthracene-based scintillators. The polymers exhibit multicolor radioluminescence and high photostability, enabling applications in radiation detection, medical diagnosis, and security inspection.
Researchers at Helmholtz Institute Jena set a new record for polarized X-ray purity with 8×10^−11, enabling experiments on quantum optics and charge distribution in solids. The discovery also holds promise for detecting vacuum birefringence and could provide clues to previously unknown elementary particles.
Researchers at Ural Federal University improved the composition of borate glasses by adding heavy metal oxides, significantly increasing their density. The new glass samples showed good results as radiation shielding material in low and medium energy gamma radiation.
For the first time, scientists have measured a large difference between a black hole's rotation axis and the axis of its orbiting binary star system. This finding forces astronomers to add a new dimension to their models, offering new insights into black hole formation and physics.
Researchers at MIT have improved the efficiency of scintillators by up to tenfold and potentially even a hundredfold by creating nanoscale configurations. This could lead to better medical diagnostic X-rays, reduced dose exposure, and improved image quality.