Articles tagged with X Ray Radiation
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at TUM integrated dark-field X-ray imaging into a clinical CT scanner, providing additional information on fine tissue structures. The new prototype can capture both conventional and dark-field X-ray images in a single scan, potentially improving lung disease diagnosis and kidney stone differentiation.
A new method combines computational ghost imaging and x-ray fluorescence to create high-resolution chemical element maps. This approach eliminates lenses, reducing scanning time and improving spatial resolution, making it useful for biomedicine, materials science, art analysis, and industrial inspection.
A marine-dwelling creature, Trichoplax adhaerens, has been found to resist cancer and repair DNA after radiation damage. Researchers are exploring its unique properties to develop new therapies for cancer.
A team of researchers used the X-ray laser European XFEL to study the detailed dynamics of how water molecules break apart when exposed to high-energy radiation. The study reveals that the disintegration process is more complicated than expected, with the oxygen atom not being flung away hard when the molecule breaks up.
A new imaging method measures individual photons, greatly reducing interference and improving spatial resolution by three times. The technology could also reduce radiation exposure during x-ray imaging, making it ideal for medical applications.
The Surrey researchers have identified key design rules for curved X-ray detectors, enabling clearer and safer X-rays. By tuning the molecular weight of organic semiconductors, they have created a new class of flexible digital detectors with high sensitivity and low cost, promising significant commercial advantages.
Researchers have developed the world's thinnest X-ray detector, made from tin mono-sulfide nanosheets, which could enable real-time imaging of cellular processes. The detectors possess high photon absorption coefficients and rapid response times, making them suitable for studying soft X-rays.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich have developed a new X-ray method for respiratory diagnostics using dark-field chest imaging, allowing for early detection and treatment follow-up of respiratory ailments. The technology reduces radiation dose by a factor of fifty compared to traditional computed tomography.
Astronomers observe a tidal disruption event caused by an intermediate-mass black hole consuming a star, providing the first measurements of its mass and spin. The findings shed light on the elusive category of intermediate black holes, which may account for most black holes in galaxy centers.
Researchers have developed a flexible and wearable X-ray detector using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that don't contain harmful heavy metals. The device shows high-sensitivity sensing and imaging capabilities, making it suitable for various radiation monitoring and medical imaging applications.
Researchers have developed a new X-ray imaging method utilizing hackmanite's colouring abilities, revealing its potential for non-expensive and reusable imaging applications. The study found that adding different atoms to the material impacts its colouring properties, and the mechanism of colour changing occurs through X-ray excitation.
Scientists developed a method to predict and eliminate X-ray glitches in single-crystal optics, increasing the efficiency of refractive optics. The approach is based on accurate simulation and prediction of glitches, allowing researchers to tune their work at modern X-ray sources.
Data from 19 observatories reveal insight into M87's behavior, spin, and energy output, improving tests of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The observations also shed light on cosmic rays and their origin.
A team of scientists has developed a new time-resolved method to analyze the structural changes in egg whites when heated. The study reveals how proteins unfold and cross-link to form a solid structure, with implications for food industry applications.
A team of scientists from Argonne National Laboratory developed a method to dramatically improve ultrafast time resolution achievable with X-ray free-electron lasers. This breakthrough enables new insights into the behavior of materials and chemical processes, allowing for more efficient designs and discoveries.
Researchers at the University of Göttingen have created a novel approach for generating X-rays by utilizing a thin layer structure with varying electron densities. This 'sandwich structure' enables focused X-ray beams to be directed in a specific direction, overcoming the challenges of traditional X-ray tube methods.
A team of researchers has developed a method to synchronize X-ray and laser pulses, enabling precise measurements of Auger decay in neon gas. This breakthrough could help evade radiation damage in experiments studying exotic states of matter.
The study creates controlled X-ray radiation with a narrow spectrum, tunable at high resolution, from advanced van der Waals materials. This innovation has the potential to replace expensive facilities and enable new applications in medical imaging, chemical analysis, and security screening.
Researchers have created a new kind of liquid scintillator by combining perovskite nanocrystals with organic molecules, enabling efficient X-ray detection and high-resolution imaging. The hybrid material outperforms conventional scintillators in terms of quantum yield and scintillation decay time.
A new CT scan method splits a full X-ray beam into thin beamlets to deliver the same quality of image at a significantly reduced radiation dose. The technique has been shown to reduce exposure by up to 90% while maintaining image resolution, offering potential benefits for medical research and patient safety.
The new micro-CT imaging technology has the potential to transform the landscape of imaging by lowering radiation doses and improving image resolution. The system detects how X-rays bend and measure absorption and phase changes for high contrast visibility.
Scientists from Osaka University have reduced X-ray free-electron laser beam diameter to 6 nanometers, enabling precise imaging of single virus particles and ultrafast chemical processes. This advancement improves the accuracy of measurements closer to the atomic level than previously possible.
A research team at Tohoku University has developed a new method for high-speed, high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) using intense synchrotron radiation. This allows for imaging of samples within milliseconds without the need for extreme rotation, making it possible to control temperature and atmosphere conditions.
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) uses high-energy X-ray beams to target tumors while sparing healthy tissue. The research team has identified the optimal energy range and developed a precise measurement detector technique to ensure safety and effectiveness for human treatment.
A new study from North Carolina State University has developed a fast and efficient radiation detector using single-crystal gallium oxide. The detector can monitor X-ray radiation in near-real time, making it suitable for applications such as medical imaging and security.
Researchers developed ultra-sensitive and stable X-ray detectors using 0D MA3Bi2I9 single-crystals, achieving low operating doses of 0.62 nGyair s-1 and high sensitivity comparable to 3D perovskite detectors. The discovery promises a promising X-ray detector candidate for medical applications.
The Learning to Synthesize (LS-DNN) approach splits input signals into low and high spatial frequency bands, enabling deep neural networks to process and synthesize them. The algorithm is robust in handling noisy intensity signals, making it suitable for applications like x-rays and sonograms.
Researchers at Kyoto University have developed a method to selectively amplify the effect of X-ray radiation on cancer cells. The technique uses specially designed silica nanoparticles loaded with gadolinium, which releases low-energy electrons when hit by precisely tuned X-rays, damaging cancer cell vital components and killing them.
Researchers investigated how radiation damages DNA in cancer cells treated with 5-fluorouracil, identifying new fragment ions and their formation thresholds. The study could lead to new ways of protecting normal tissues from radiation damage caused by radiotherapy.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association found that 28% of men and 26% of women between 35 and 50 years old have osteopenia, a precursor to osteoporosis. This finding suggests that middle-aged adults can benefit from bone health assessments to understand their risk of osteoporosis.
A study led by Washington University School of Medicine found that proton therapy results in fewer side effects than traditional X-ray radiation therapy for many cancer patients, with similar cure rates. Proton therapy reduced the risk of severe side effects by two-thirds within 90 days of treatment.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a glue-free bimorph deformable mirror that can be used in vacuum chambers. The new technology uses inorganic silver nanoparticles to bond PZT actuators to a mirror substrate, allowing for precise shape modification and high-precision optics.
A recent study published in Journal of Radiological Protection found that severely obese patients require higher doses of radiation during X-rays to create images, increasing their cancer risk. The research, conducted on over 600 patients, showed a 153% increased risk of cancer compared to normal-weight individuals.
A new study has discovered a promising approach to significantly lower doses of X-rays in 3D medical imaging, making it cheaper and safer. The technique, known as ghost imaging, uses a sensor instead of an X-ray camera to create 3D images.
Researchers have developed two new approaches to 3D imaging with X-rays, enabling unprecedented detail in disease-screening, materials development, and structural information of opaque objects. The methods, including ghost imaging and single-shot techniques, reduce X-ray doses and destroy samples, paving the way for cheaper, more readi...
Researchers from NUS developed novel lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for high-sensitivity X-ray detection, reducing diagnostic radiation dose by 400 times. These nanocrystals also enable lower-cost and faster imaging technology with improved resolution.
Routine X-ray imaging for infants with bronchiolitis remains common, despite American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Nearly half of children under 2 still receive X-rays from 2007 to 2015, highlighting the need for improved clinical data.
Researchers at University of Strathclyde and Capital Normal University have developed a new source of intense terahertz radiation with unprecedented efficiency. This breakthrough could lead to new advances in science and technology, including the identification of normally hidden phenomena and unique control of matter.
A major study found a significant increase in the number of X-rays given to patients when dentists were paid on a 'fee-for-service' basis, compared to fixed salaries. This increase was most pronounced when patients were exempt from charges.
Researchers at Ural Federal University and Institute of Chemistry of Solids created a new compound that converts UV radiation into visible light. The compound has potential uses in medical and optical devices, as well as air pollution analysis.
Researchers found that low-dose X-ray treatment does not induce genome instability or DNA damage in stem cells. Instead, these cells proliferate and maintain their health, contradicting previous assumptions about the harm caused by ionizing radiation.
Physicists from Friedrich Schiller University Jena have developed a new method to obtain multiple types of information simultaneously from the interior of nanoscale building blocks. The method uses a finely focussed X-ray beam to extract data on composition, oxidation grade and internal electrical fields without damaging the components.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports has revealed that ancient Egyptian scribes used carbon-based inks containing copper, a previously unidentified element. The analysis of 2,000-year-old papyri fragments found consistent composition across different geographical regions and time periods.
The TUM Nano-CT system produces images with resolutions up to 100 nanometers, allowing investigation of individual muscle strands in velvet worm legs. The device has potential applications in biomedical research and medicine, enabling non-destructive examination of tissue samples and clarification of tumor malignancy.
A team of researchers has developed an injectable antimicrobial gel that could improve root canal treatment outcomes by providing sustained antimicrobial properties. The gel, which has been shown to have extended residual antibacterial properties, is biocompatible and has minimal toxic effects on stem cells.
Children's National Hospital implemented a quality-improvement initiative that reduces the number of unintended extubations in newborns, leading to significant savings. By limiting daily chest X-rays to twice a week, the hospital was able to reduce unplanned extubations and lower costs by $1.6 million annually.
The University of Bristol team has developed a 3D-printed acoustic levitator, allowing users to levitate liquids and insects at home. This technique has the potential to improve diagnosis in blood tests and support innovative processes in pharmaceuticals and biology.
Physicists from FAU and DESY have developed a method to improve X-ray image quality, enabling the visualization of individual atoms in molecules at higher resolutions. The new technique uses incoherent radiation and time-resolved snapshots to overcome limitations of conventional coherent imaging methods.
A recent study published in the International Journal of Radiation Biology found that low doses of radiation can cause permanent alterations in coronary artery endothelial cells, leading to reduced nitric oxide production and increased oxidative stress. This damage can result in long-term premature dysfunction and an increased risk of ...
The Hubble Space Telescope has imaged a powerful Seyfert galaxy, 2XMM J143450.5+033843, emitting huge amounts of radiation due to its supermassive black hole. The galaxy is nearly 400 million light-years away and is one of the unlucky ones with a unique X-ray name.
Physicists have developed a way to control high-energy particle emissions in an undulator device, which could potentially be used as a source of radiation for cancer treatment or nuclear waste processing. The new device produces a much higher level of radiation than traditional ones.
The NICER mission will study neutron stars and pulsars, collecting X-rays to test theories of dense matter. The spacecraft will also demonstrate X-ray navigation using pulsar timing data.
Researchers at Kansas State University used ultra-intense X-rays to break up molecules, creating a molecular 'black hole' that pulls electrons away. This discovery may help scientists understand the damage caused by X-ray radiation in biological systems.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University develop new equations to conduct XRF analysis with higher accuracy, reducing the need for reference materials and enabling analysis of complex composition samples. The method uses internal standardization and computations to compensate experimental factors and operate in wider ranges.
Researchers from Osaka University developed an optical system for full-field X-ray microscopes that eliminates chromatic aberrations, allowing for the resolution of 50-nm features with high stability. The system, featuring two monolithic imaging mirrors, has been applied in spectromicroscopy experiments and shows promise for various ap...
The study provides recommendations to optimize decision-making for medical imaging in pediatric orthopedic care, highlighting the risk of cancer and genetic defects from radiation exposure. Best practices to reduce radiation include limiting precise collimation, fluoroscopy bursts, and utilizing low-dose CT protocols.
A giant black hole has been found to have fed off a nearby star for over 9 years, breaking the previous record for the longest tidal disruption event. The X-ray data suggests that the radiation from material surrounding this black hole consistently surpassed the Eddington limit.
Researchers at Tohoku University identified a new mechanism producing low-energy free electrons from X-ray absorption in matter. The process, known as Electron Transfer Mediated Decay, involves rapid charge redistribution over multiple atomic sites.
Radiation damage hinders SAXS experiments' success due to protein aggregation and fragmentation. A new software, RADDOSE-3D extensions, calculates doses for SAXS experiments, reducing manual burden and assessing radioprotectant efficacy.
Researchers used DESY's X-ray source PETRA III to observe the degradation of plastic solar cells, revealing that domains shrink and efficiency decreases due to residual solvent additive. Strategies to stabilise structure through chemical bonding or customised encapsulating substances are proposed.