Articles tagged with X Ray Radiation
A giant black hole has been found to have fed off a nearby star for over 9 years, breaking the previous record for the longest tidal disruption event. The X-ray data suggests that the radiation from material surrounding this black hole consistently surpassed the Eddington limit.
Researchers at Tohoku University identified a new mechanism producing low-energy free electrons from X-ray absorption in matter. The process, known as Electron Transfer Mediated Decay, involves rapid charge redistribution over multiple atomic sites.
Radiation damage hinders SAXS experiments' success due to protein aggregation and fragmentation. A new software, RADDOSE-3D extensions, calculates doses for SAXS experiments, reducing manual burden and assessing radioprotectant efficacy.
Researchers used DESY's X-ray source PETRA III to observe the degradation of plastic solar cells, revealing that domains shrink and efficiency decreases due to residual solvent additive. Strategies to stabilise structure through chemical bonding or customised encapsulating substances are proposed.
A new scanning technique produces extremely high-res 3D images of bones without exposing patients to X-ray radiation. The technique uses biologically safe nanoagents that target calcium-rich surfaces in damaged bones, providing detailed blueprints of weakness or injury.
The Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS) has been evaluated for its performance, demonstrating its ability to conduct state-of-the-art X-ray imaging. The mini-synchrotron technology enables local measurements and is paving the way for potential clinical applications.
The BARREL team launches miniature balloons to measure X-rays in Earth's atmosphere, helping protect satellites from radiation. Undergraduate students develop instruments to study ionosphere and low-frequency electromagnetic waves.
New data from NuSTAR reveals large numbers of black holes sending out high-energy X-rays, helping astronomers understand growth patterns and evolution of supermassive black holes. The study resolves 35% of the high-energy X-ray background, uncovering details about the most obscured black holes hidden in gas and dust.
Researchers developed high-precision X-ray deformable mirrors for controllable beam size and formed three types of focused beams without changing experimental setups. This paves the way for a multifunctional X-ray microscope to perform various analyses in one device, enhancing flexibility and range of uses.
Researchers used X-ray free electron laser to study the effect of radiosensitizers on tumor cells. They found that energetic ions formed by ionization cause damage, leading to increased radiation sensitivity.
A new study has identified potential health risks for healthcare professionals performing x-ray guided cardiovascular procedures due to radiation exposure. The research found that workers with higher radiation exposure were at increased risk of developing orthopedic problems, cataracts, and cancers.
A new study by the University of Missouri School of Medicine shows that electroanatomical mapping is an effective alternative to fluoroscopy, reducing radiation exposure and improving patient outcomes.
A new study at Hospital for Special Surgery finds that low-dose EOS imaging system performs as well as conventional CT scans in assessing limb length. The system provides less radiation exposure and allows for better assessment of limb alignment compared to CT scans.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Oncology challenges the widely-held belief that low-dose radiation from medical imaging procedures can cause cancer. The authors argue that the linear no-threshold model, used to estimate cancer risks, has never been conclusively demonstrated by empirical evidence.
The DXL-2 mission aims to better understand the nature of the local hot bubble and solar wind charge exchange. It will study diffuse x-ray emissions, which are believed to originate from remnants of a supernovae, but are also influenced by the solar wind's charge exchange process.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have developed a new approach to imaging patients using Xbox gaming technology, which measures body-part thickness and checks for motion before taking X-rays. The technology aims to produce high-quality X-ray images at low radiation doses without repeating images.
A new study by American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons finds that imaging studies necessary to diagnose traumatic injuries in pregnant women are generally safe. The radiation doses from these studies are well below thresholds considered risky. However, multiple scans and repeated exposure increase the likelihood of a harmful effect.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology have developed a practical magnetic metallic contaminant detector using three high-Tc RF superconducting quantum interference devices for food inspection. The detection technique is based on recording the remnant magnetic field of a contaminant, providing a safe and high-resolution method.
A new Stanford study found cellular damage detectable in patients after CT scanning, suggesting potential long-term health effects. The research calls for safer imaging practices and increased research into the impact of low-dose radiation on human cells.
Researchers at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research created bacteria to emit intense hard x-ray radiation. By using nanostructured bacterial cells and silver nanoparticles, they achieved a 10,000-fold increase in x-ray emission compared to plain glass slides.
Studies purporting to show a cancer link between radiation from medical imaging and cancer are badly flawed due to reliance on the linear no-threshold model. The human body has evolved to repair damage from low-dose radiation, making it unlikely that exposure would cause cancer.
Astronomers discover active galactic nuclei (AGN) exhibit flickering behavior, switching on and off every 200,000 years. This phenomenon affects star formation in host galaxies, with radiation from AGN potentially delaying or preventing the collapse of gas clouds.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab developed a technique called PSB-KAC, which provides full control of single X-ray pulses without affecting beams for other users. This allows for timed experiments with optimized signal-to-noise ratios and reduced radiation damage.
The Canadian Space Agency has delivered its hardware contribution to the ASTRO-H mission, a flagship x-ray astronomy observatory. Professor Brian McNamara will study the effects of black holes on emergent galaxies, utilizing one of the most sensitive spectrometers in orbit.
Researchers designed an X-ray polarimeter, X-Calibur, to study high-energy processes near black holes. The instrument measures X-ray polarization properties to study extreme objects in the Universe.
A new real-time radiation monitor significantly reduces radiation exposure for medical workers during cardiac-catheterization procedures, resulting in a one-third decrease in radiation exposure. The device provides auditory feedback, enabling operators to take actions to reduce radiation exposure and adopt safer radiation practices.
A new imaging system has shown potential to reduce radiation exposure for patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy (IAT) for liver cancer, with a reduction of up to 80%, compared to standard X-ray platforms. The AlluraClarity platform uses real-time image processing algorithms to achieve high-quality images at lower radiation power.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed a new laser system to create high-flux X-ray pulses, which will allow for more accurate measurements in various scientific fields. The new technology uses mid-infrared light and can produce up to 25 times higher X-ray flux than previous experiments.
Researchers compared three X-ray phase tomography methods to determine which perform best for various conditions. The study found that holotomography and single-distance phase reconstruction outperform X-ray grating interferometry in terms of spatial resolution and contrast-to-noise ratios.
Researchers found that X-ray irradiation damages cortical neurons by altering their cytoskeleton and cytomechanics. The study suggests that heavy ion beams may have a biological advantage over X-rays in protecting normal brain tissue during cranial radiotherapy. This could lead to improved treatment outcomes for patients.
Researchers developed a simple setup for X-ray phase-contrast imaging, which uses scrambled X-rays to produce high-quality images. The new technique demonstrates efficiency and versatility, enabling accurate measurement of specimen thickness and mapping of small structures.
Researchers detected a clumpy gas stream flowing quickly outwards and blocking X-rays emitted by the supermassive black hole. The discovery provides direct evidence for the shielding process that accelerates powerful gas streams, offering insights into how black holes interact with their host galaxies.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that children with heart disease have low lifetime cancer risk from X-rays, but those undergoing repeated complex imaging tests face a slightly increased risk. The study of 337 children aged six and younger showed a 0.07% average increase in lifetime cancer risk.
Researchers have developed a new X-ray phase-contrast mammography technique that provides high-contrast images of breast tissue. This technique helps distinguish between different types of microcalcifications and can aid in assigning them to malignant lesions, enabling non-invasive detection of premalignant lesions.
An innovative device evaluates spinal movement, reducing X-ray testing and potential healthcare costs. The electrogoniometer measures three-dimensional spinal movement, allowing for earlier patient recovery and cost savings.
Researchers at UNL's Extreme Light Laboratory developed a novel method to generate research-quality X-rays using a 'tabletop' laser, increasing accessibility to the technology. The new device produces high-energy X-rays with potential applications in Homeland Security, medical imaging, and scientific research.
Researchers found that bedside ultrasound reduced x-ray usage by 5 times and CT scans by 3.5 times, without affecting mortality rates or health outcomes. This cost-effective alternative is a significant improvement over traditional imaging methods.
A new study shows that minimal dose computed tomography (MnDCT) is more sensitive than conventional chest X-rays in detecting new or recurrent lung cancer, while delivering a similar amount of radiation. The study found that MnDCT detected 94% of recurrent cancers compared to 21%, allowing for earlier treatment and longer survival rates.
A new tool allows surgeons to track surgical devices in real-time while minimizing patient radiation exposure by using a computer program that determines the fewest number of X-rays needed. The algorithm takes into account the type of procedure and required precision, providing precise location data with minimal radiation use.
Researchers at the University of York and Joint Institute for High Temperatures used a petawatt laser to remove deeply bound electrons from atoms, creating a distinctive plasma state. The experiment aims to further understanding of fusion energy generation, which employs hotter plasmas than the Sun.
Researchers have developed nanoparticles that can be used to create scintillation devices capable of detecting a wide range of X-rays and gamma rays. The nanocomposite detectors showed promising results, but further refinement is needed to optimize their performance.
Researchers at TUM and PSI have developed a method to visualize material fluctuations and nanostructures using X-ray microscopy. This technique relaxes the hard restrictions of immobility required for high-quality imaging, enabling the visualization of previously inaccessible objects.
Researchers found a pulsar, PSR B0943+10, that changes its behavior between two extreme states: one dominated by X-ray pulses and the other by highly organized radio pulses. The team used simultaneous observations with the XMM-Newton satellite and two radio telescopes to reveal this unique behavior.
A compact source of X-rays and other forms of radiation has been invented by a University of Missouri engineering team, enabling the creation of inexpensive and portable X-ray scanners for medical diagnosis and terrorism prevention. The device could improve healthcare services in remote regions and reduce costs.
Researchers have developed omni-tomography, a technology that integrates multiple imaging modalities to improve early disease screening, cancer staging, and therapeutic assessment. This approach enables precise reconstruction of small areas in the body using prior knowledge and common properties.
Scientists have developed a method to produce 3D X-ray images of the breast with a radiation dose 25 times lower than current hospital scanners, enabling improved diagnosis and potentially reducing breast cancer mortality. The new technique combines high-energy X-rays, phase contrast imaging, and advanced mathematical algorithms.
Researchers developed a new method called inverse Partial Fluorescence Yield (iPFY) that allows them to examine the structure of metal ions-complexes in solution without sample damage. The study found that iron ions interact strongly with water, contradicting previous thoughts.
Scientists have developed a new X-ray imaging method that improves contrast in computed tomography scans without increasing radiation dose. The technique, called grating interferometry, uses microstructures to enhance contrast and can be combined with clinical CT scanners.
Research finds frequent dental X-rays in childhood and young adulthood may increase risk of developing meningioma. Patients who had yearly or more frequent bitewing exams were 1.4-1.9 times more likely to develop meningioma compared to controls.
Researchers created an atomic X-ray laser by removing electrons from neon gas atoms, creating a 'domino effect' that amplified the laser light. The new technology fulfills a 45-year-old prediction and could lead to breakthroughs in medicine, devices, and materials.
Researchers developed a new technique to improve X-ray crystallography, allowing for three to five times better signal levels than standard methods. This enables the study of large molecules with greater depth and understanding while minimizing radiation damage.
Researchers report using simultaneous techniques to reduce radiation exposure during cardiac testing, with results showing a 75-85% decrease in patient risk. The new high-definition CT scan method offers improved safety for patients concerned about radiation exposure.
The Saturn and HERMES III accelerators have surpassed significant milestones in testing nuclear defenses against atomic weapons. The machines have achieved over 4,000 shots on the Saturn accelerator and 9,000 shots on the HERMES III accelerator, providing valuable data for countermeasures against X-ray radiation.
Researchers found that cardiologists' constant exposure to ionising radiation causes cellular changes, including increased antioxidant levels and apoptosis susceptibility. These changes may be the body's protective response to harmful radiation effects.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a potential new radiation treatment that uses heavy metals and low-energy electrons to target cancer tumors. The method, called Resonant Nano-Plasma Theranostics (RNPT), has the potential to reduce radiation exposure to healthy tissue.
Pediatric cancer patients receive more accurate treatment delivery with proton radiography, reducing radiation exposure compared to standard diagnostic X-rays and cone beam CT. Proton imaging also enables real-time tumor tracking during treatment, benefiting children's sensitive growing bodies.
Recent studies examine the safety of airport security scanners, with experts weighing in on the risks and benefits of using backscatter X-rays. Dr. David Brenner and Dr. David Schauer argue that while individual risks are low, a large number of people being exposed could lead to increased cancer risk over time.
Researchers tested first-generation x-ray equipment from 1896 and found significantly higher radiation doses and longer exposure times compared to modern systems. The setup produced surprisingly good images despite image blurring, highlighting the significant health risks faced by early x-ray pioneers.
A new study by UC Berkeley researchers found that children with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) had almost twice the chance of having been exposed to three or more X-rays compared to those without leukemia. The results differ slightly by region, with a modest increase associated with chest X-rays.
A novel nano-CT imaging technique enables researchers to visualize the nano-structure of bone samples with high precision. This allows for better understanding of structural changes related to osteoporosis and development of new therapeutic approaches.