Articles tagged with Tomography
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A total of 820 Hip surgeries were performed, with the overall VTE incidence being 12.2%. The incidence was lower for PAO compared to SHF and THA/Revision THA. Chemoprophylaxis therapy showed effectiveness in reducing VTE incidence.
The CONSERVE trial found that non-invasive computed tomography (CT) can safely reduce costs by guiding more selective use of invasive coronary angiography. The study associated lower rates of invasive procedures and cost savings in stable symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
Geophysicists at the University of Bonn have visualized plant root activity using electrical impedance tomography, allowing for non-invasive monitoring of nutrient uptake. The method provides insights into plant behavior under different conditions, such as drought or nutrient stress.
Two new, highly adorned ant species, Pheidole viserion and Pheidole drogon, have been discovered in New Guinea. These 'dragon-like' ants feature large, distinctive spines that may help support their massive heads.
A breakthrough in quantum tomography has been achieved by RMIT researchers, demonstrating a new technique that significantly reduces resources and improves robustness against noise. This innovation enables the characterisation of large quantum states, a critical bottleneck in quantum information science.
Near-infrared spectroscopy technologies offer improved quality of life through portable, sensitive, and non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The latest advances enable researchers to investigate complex illnesses and dysfunctions.
A Japanese retrospective study found that ultralow-dose CT can accurately quantify emphysema disease without excessive radiation. Researchers suggest that this technique could stratify lung cancer risk and reduce radiation exposure in COPD patients.
A new imaging method reveals that IPF foci are complex structures with diverse shapes and sizes, forming at discrete sites of lung injury. This breakthrough may help researchers comprehend the relationship between fibroblastic foci and disease progression in IPF patients.
Researchers develop new method to visualize intrathecal drug delivery using SPECT-CT imaging, revealing dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid movement and injection location. This technique may help optimize therapeutic options for neurological disorders.
A study found that excessive airway collapse in smokers is linked to poorer respiratory health and increased exacerbations. Smokers with this condition experienced worsened scores on measures of shortness of breath and quality of life, highlighting the importance of further research into long-term effects.
Researchers used microCT scanning to visualize brooding chambers and juveniles in live-bearing brittle stars. The 3D images provide an in situ view of developing young and the position of bursae inside adults, allowing for comparative morphological analyses.
Researchers used computed microtomography to investigate a well-preserved fossil arthropod from the famous Chengjiang Lagerstätte in China. The study revealed anatomical details previously hidden in the rock matrix, allowing for the identification of the species as Xandarella spectaculum.
Researchers identify plumbonacrite as intermediate in degradation of red lead, leading to bleaching of the color over time. The discovery sheds new insights into the bleaching process of red lead, revealing a possible reaction pathway involving light and carbon dioxide.
Researchers at NIST and MIT have developed two methods to measure the structure of block copolymers, essential for verifying computational models used in chip fabrication. These techniques can image defects in polymer structures and provide detailed data on patterning system performance.
A new study found that high-risk individuals screened for early-stage lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can reduce treatment costs by up to 85%, resulting in a significant reduction in mortality rates and improved patient outcomes. The average cost per-person for LDCT screening was $453, while the mean cost for diag...
Professor Javier Alba-Tercedor from the University of Granada won an international award for his innovative 3D video of a cicada's interior using microtomography. This non-invasive technique provides high-resolution images without damaging the sample.
Researchers at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid have developed a new biomedical diagnostic tool using personalized 3D imaging, enabling faster and more precise images of living organisms. This innovative technology has the potential to revolutionize medicine and basic research applications.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have developed a new method called direct measurement that can characterize high-dimensional quantum states in a single experiment with no post-processing. This technique offers an exciting alternative to quantum tomography and could be central in developing high-security quantum communication...
Berkeley Lab researchers find that microscopic fibers of lithium form in the electrolyte during cycling, causing short circuits and overheating. The team discovered subsurface structures underneath dendrites, revealing a clear path forward for enabling widespread use of lithium anodes.
A study of 3,398 participants found that higher coronary artery calcium (CAC) density was associated with a lower risk of heart disease and cardiovascular events. The researchers discovered that CAC volume was positively correlated with CHD and CVD risk, while CAC density was inversely related.
Scientists developed a new imaging technique that maps an object's three-dimensional distribution of its nano-properties in real time. This 'X-ray vision' can be used to study materials, geology, environmental science and medical research.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab and University of Wisconsin have developed a non-destructive 3D imaging technique that provides molecular-level chemical information. The technique, FTIR spectro-microtomography, combines Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy with computed tomography to create full-color 3D images with unprecedented detail.
University of Granada Professor Javier Alba-Tercedor has won the Best Film award for his detailed images of a domestic fly's inside using microtomography. The high-resolution scans were made possible by a Skyscan 1172 micro-CT instrument, achieving 1.4 µm per pixel resolution.
Researchers identified the 'Caldas tear,' a break in a slab separating two subducting plates, which accounts for seismic activity patterns and high-grade mineral deposits. The tear is thought to be caused by the Panama plate's collision with Colombia, resulting in an accumulation of stresses that could trigger strong motion events.
Scientists have created a three-dimensional map of electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries, revealing their unique structures and impact on charging speeds. The study's findings suggest that using round particles instead of plate-like ones can significantly improve the battery's performance.
A team of researchers from Hellenic Centre for Marine Research used X-ray computed tomography to create detailed 3D representations of tiny animals, facilitating the study of morphology and improving taxonomy. The method enables virtual rotation, magnification, and dissection of specimens, extracting new scientific information.
A new study published in The Lancet shows that multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is superior to single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for diagnosing coronary artery disease. CMR has a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value, making it a more accurate and reliable diagnostic tool.
The Manchester FLITES project aims to produce first-ever images of chemical species in aero-engine exhaust plumes using novel fibre lasers. The four-year study will focus on lowering carbon dioxide emissions, enhancing turbine-related research and development capacity.
A recent study by the American College of Radiology found that many radiologists disagree on managing incidental findings on body computed tomography (CT) scans. Despite advances in CT resolution and increasing utilization, published guidelines are still emerging, leading to a lack of agreement among radiologists.
Experts offer practical strategies for reducing radiation dose in chest CT scans, including stratifying protocols based on clinical indications and limiting scan length. Pediatric CT scans require lower doses compared to adult patients, and using appropriate scan parameters can further reduce radiation exposure.
Researchers used X-ray computed tomography to create stunning three-dimensional images of the fossilized spider, revealing it as a member of the Huntsman spiders genus. The study demonstrates that historical pieces of darkened amber can yield vital data when studied by modern techniques.
A recent study suggests that eliminating CT venography of the pelvis can significantly reduce a patient's exposure to excessive radiation dose. The study found that only 0.3% of patients presented with isolated pelvic VTE after pulmonary embolism was ruled out.
Researchers at UCLA have created a lens-free optical microscope that can produce high-resolution 3D images of microscopic objects. The system uses tomography and digital sensor arrays to capture detailed sub-cellular structures without using a lens.
Physicist Franz Pfeiffer's research on X-ray phase-contrast imaging has immense potential for applications in medicine and industry. His approach enables improved image contrast with lower doses of radiation, leading to better diagnostic success in tumor detection.
This special issue explores the geological changes in the southern margin of Laurentia using Magnetotelluric Transportable Array data, discovering a Jurassic backarc basin in the Gulf of Mexico and revealing new insights into Monterey Submarine Canyon's axial channel. 3D petrography techniques also shed light on pumice clast size distr...
A new imaging method has been developed at Stanford to quickly and accurately locate and count the myriad connections between nerve cells in unprecedented detail. The method, array tomography, combines high-resolution photography with specialized fluorescent molecules to capture information and converts it into imagery.
Researchers from Virginia Tech and GE Global Research Center are developing novel cardiac computed tomography (CT) architectures and methods to improve image quality with low radiation. Their patented approach, interior tomography, can produce accurate images of a region of interest, reducing radiation exposure and accommodating larger...
A study published in American Journal of Roentgenology reveals dual-energy CT as an effective diagnostic tool for gout. The technique offers high accuracy in detecting vessels and bones, enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found that a family history of early coronary artery disease increases the risk of developing obstructive CAD and plaque buildup in arteries. The study analyzed over 8,200 patients who underwent cardiac computed tomography angiography, revealing a 28% higher chance of disease development among those with a family history.
Researchers used MDCTPV to study the collateral circulation of gastric varices, finding that most afferent veins originated from the left gastric vein. The study concludes that MDCTPV provides valuable reference for clinicians in the endoscopic and surgical treatment of gastric variceal bleeding.
A wireless network of radio transmitters can track people moving behind solid walls, according to a new study. The system uses radio tomographic imaging (RTI) and has the potential to help law enforcement, rescue operations, and retail marketing.
Researchers used MDCT to assess IPMN image characteristics, identifying larger cystic lesions and ducts in malignant cases. The combined-type IPMNs had a higher rate of malignancy than other types, while tumors with mural nodules showed a significantly higher incidence of malignancy.
Researchers at Virginia Tech are developing a next-generation nano-CT imaging system to visualize fine features within larger objects and reduce radiation dose. The project aims to provide a versatile nano-imaging tool for various applications, including medical and industrial uses.
A new CT scan method has been shown to be accurate in detecting colorectal cancer in individuals at increased risk. The study found a sensitivity of 85.3% and specificity of 87.8%, making it a potentially effective alternative to colonoscopy for screening.
Researchers developed a novel technique called Early Photon Tomography (EPT) to image lung tumors in living mice. EPT combines early arriving photons with tomographic principles, resulting in sharper and more accurate images compared to conventional methods.
Scientists used a new technique to create a 3D map of stainless steel's grain structure, revealing how cracks grow between grains. The study provides insights into crack growth mechanisms and could lead to more efficient and safer materials.
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) may be misused as a screening tool for high-risk patients without symptoms. Experts, including Dr. Christopher M. Kramer, argue that the procedure exposes patients to radiation and contrast dye, posing more risk than benefit.
Scientists study fluid structures in moist sand using x-ray microtomography and find that the fluid and grains coexist in a filigree structure. This discovery explains the universal stiffness of wet granules, relevant to various industries such as pharmaceuticals and food production.
Multicenter trials show CT angiography highly accurate in detecting coronary artery disease with sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 90%. The noninvasive exam was equal in accuracy to invasive angiography in identifying patients to be referred for angioplasty or bypass surgery.
A brain scanning experiment found that when colleagues earn less, participants show stronger activation in the brain's reward centre. Traditional economic theory suggests that only absolute size of rewards matters, but this study reveals relative earnings play a major role in motivation.
Dr. Worcester is recognized for his pioneering work on acoustical oceanography and tomographic inverse methods, as well as his tireless efforts to develop responsible permitting structures for scientific sound use. He is the eighth recipient of the Munk Award, a testament to his groundbreaking research and leadership in the field.
Dr. Peter Worcester is being recognized for his contributions to acoustical oceanography, tomographic inverse methods, and leadership in the US ocean acoustics community. He has led numerous experimental programs to develop and use tomography, including notable experiments north of Hawaii and in the Greenland Sea.
The NUGGET instrument could help scientists determine if primitive forms of life existed on Mars by analyzing fossils embedded in rocks. By generating three-dimensional images, it can quickly identify areas where samples might be taken for further study.
Researchers identified ancient charophyte algae fossils with complex evolution, including vertical and spiral structures. The study sheds light on the Paleozoic era's climate and provides a non-destructive method for investigating small fossils.
Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scanning shows high accuracy in detecting significant lesions and coronary calcifications compared to invasive coronary angiography. MSCT may reduce the likelihood of clinically important CAD in patients with suspected disease, but its use requires proper patient selection and adequate training.
The new Local-Electrode Atom-Probe (LEAP) tomograph allows researchers to study the nanostructure and chemical composition of materials at an unprecedented level. By analyzing the structure and chemical identity of steel, scientists can design stronger materials with improved properties.
A study comparing the relative sensitivity of colonoscopy, ACBE, and CTC found that colonoscopy detected 98% of large and 99% of small lesions, outperforming ACBE and CTC. The results have important implications for clinicians considering colon imaging tests and potentially for colon cancer screening programs.
A study using triple-contrast CT found that it can accurately detect peritoneal damage and injury extent in patients with penetrating torso trauma. The imaging modality achieved an overall accuracy rate of 98 percent, surpassing previous limitations of CT scans for retroperitoneum assessment.
A study published in JAMA found that computed tomographic colonography (CTC) had lower sensitivity rates compared to conventional colonoscopy for detecting colorectal tumors, raising concerns about its readiness for widespread clinical use.